Pelvic Wall and Floors

Question 1

Arrangement of bones in the pelvis

Answer 1

An inominate bone on either side and a sacral bone in the middle

Question 2

what covers the obturator foramen

Answer 2

Fascia and muscle layer

Question 3

what attaches to the ischial tuberosity

Answer 3

Small lateral rotators of the hip and the hamstrings

Question 4

What is normally attaches to the greater and lesser sciatic notch

Answer 4

Ligaments

Question 5

what does the attachment of ligaments to the sciatic notches form

Answer 5

foramen

Question 6

what type of joints are the lumbrosacral joint and the pubic symphysis

Answer 6

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 7

what is the pubic symphysis

Answer 7

the joint between the two inominate bones and acts as a shock absorber

Question 8

Where does the rectus femoris muscle attach

Answer 8

the anterior inferio riliac spine

Question 9

what is the sacrum formed from

Answer 9

fused vertebrae

Question 10

what do the foramen within the sacrum allow

Answer 10

for the nerve roots to pass out

Question 11

what are the anterior and posterior walls of the pelvis

Answer 11

bony

Question 12

what is the floor of the pelvis

Answer 12

A muscular sheet called the pelvic diaphragm

Question 13

what are the ligaments within the pelvis

Answer 13

sacrotuberous, sacrospinous and the inguinal ligament

Question 14

what ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 14

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous

Question 15

where does the inguinal ligament run from/to

Answer 15

anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Question 16

what are the ligaments within the sacrum

Answer 16

anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Question 17

what does the anterior sacroiliac ligament form

Answer 17

a synovial joint between the bones

Question 18

what does the posterior sacroiliac ligament form

Answer 18

a fibrous joint that provides support

Question 19

What does the ligament at the pubic symphysis form

Answer 19

a fibrocartilaginous joint

Question 20

pubic arch in males and females

Answer 20

sacrum is more curved in males

pubic arch is more acute in females due to the angle of the hips

Question 21

Normal shapes for pubic arch in females and males

Answer 21

females - gynecoid

males - anthropoid

Question 22

Iliacus

Answer 22

Iliac fossa -> join psoas to form iliopsoas and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur
Flexes the hip
Femoral nerve innervation

Question 23

Psoas attachment

Answer 23

T12-L4 vertebral bodies and IV discs - superficial

L1-L5 vertebral bodies and IV discs - deep

Question 24

insertion of psoas

Answer 24

Joins iliacus to form iliopsoas and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 25

Function of psoas

Answer 25

hip flexion one - bend trunk laterally both - raise trunk from supine position

Question 26

innervation of psoas

Answer 26

L1-3 anterior rami

Question 27

Gluteal muscles

Answer 27

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus Attach to pelvis bones Act on hip joint

Question 28

Obturator externus attach/insert

Answer 28

outer surface of obturator membrane -> trochanteric fossa of femur

Question 29

where is obturator externus and what does it do

Answer 29

underneath the femoral triangle and involved in movement of the femur

Question 30

obturator internus attach/insert

Answer 30

inner surface of obturator membrane -> medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

Question 31

obturator internus function

Answer 31

lateral rotation of the hip

Question 32

innervation of obturator internus

Answer 32

Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)

Question 33

piriformis attach/insert

Answer 33

pelvic surface of the sacrum -> greater trochanter of the femur

Question 34

piriformis innervation

Answer 34

nerve to piriformis (S1,S2)

Question 35

function of peliv diaphragm

Answer 35

to prevent prolapse

Question 36

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 36

Levator ani and coccygeus

Question 37

what is the muscular roof of the anal triangle

Answer 37

levator ani

Question 38

coccygeus attach/insert

Answer 38

ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament -> coccyx and inferior sacrum

Question 39

function coccygeus

Answer 39

support the pelvic visera and flexion of coccyx

Question 40

coccygeus innervation

Answer 40

direct branches from sacral plexus (S4,S5)

Question 41

different parts of levator ani

Answer 41

pubococcygeous and iliococcygeus

Question 42

pubococcygeus

Answer 42

most medial fibres | attaches to and supports vagina/prostate gland and rectum

Question 43

iliococcygeus

Answer 43

ore lateral fibres | anterior to coccygeus

Question 44

divisions of pubococcygeus

Answer 44

puborectalis, levator prostatae and pubovaginalis

Question 45

what supports the pelvic viscera

Answer 45

levator ani

Question 46

what must relax to allow defecation and urination

Answer 46

levator ani

Question 47

innervation of pubococcygeous

Answer 47

motor innervation from pudendal and nerve to levator ani

Question 48

puborectalis function

Answer 48

maintain faecal continence

Question 49

what fibres does puborectalis joint with

Answer 49

external anal sphincter

Question 50

when is puborectalis especially important

Answer 50

immediately after the rectum has filled

Question 51

innervation of puborectalis

Answer 51

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

Question 52

attachment of iliococcygeus

Answer 52

fascia of obturator internus and the annococcygeal body/ligament/levator plate

Question 53

what is the area of attachment of iliococcygeus to the fascia of the obturator internus known as

Answer 53

The tendinous arch of levator ani

Question 54

innervation of iliococcygeus

Answer 54

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

Question 55

what is the perineal body composed of

Answer 55

Fibrous connective tissue

Question 56

what muscles attach to the perineal body

Answer 56

levator prostatae, pubovaginalis, external anal sphincter and perineal muscles

Question 57

pouches in the perineum

Answer 57

female - vesico-uterine and recto-uterine | male - vesico-rectal

Question 58

what covers the internal wall

Answer 58

parietal pelvic fascia

Question 59

where is the parietal pelvic fascia thickened

Answer 59

over obturator internus

Question 60

what does the fascia anteriorly form

Answer 60

puboprostatic ligament - males | pubovesical ligament - females

Question 61

what covers the organs

Answer 61

Visceral pelvic fascia

Question 62

what is the paracolpium

Answer 62

the lateral extension of visceral fascia from the vagina to the tendinous arch

Question 63

what acts as packing material around the organs

Answer 63

endopelvic fascia

Question 64

two types of endopelvic fascia

Answer 64

loose and condensed

Question 65

function of loose endopelvic fascia

Answer 65

fills spaces in the pelvis e.g. rectopubic space

Question 66

what are condensed endopelvic fascia

Answer 66

thickening of the fascia

Question 67

primary condensation

Answer 67

the hypogastric sheaths running along the posterolateral walls of the pelvis