Parotid Gland And Temporal Region

Question 1

What is the parotid gland

Answer 1

A salivary gland with serous acini only

Question 2

What covers the parotid

Answer 2

Connective tissue capsule and a dense fibrous capsule that extends as the stylomandibular ligament

Question 3

Where are the ducts from the parotid gland

Answer 3

Just below the zygomatic arch

Question 4

Where does the parotid gland pierce

Answer 4

The buccal fat pad and buccinator

Question 5

Where does the parotid gland ducts enter the oral cavity

Answer 5

At the upper second molar

Question 6

What are the main branches of the facial nerve

Answer 6

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical and posterior auricular

Question 7

What vessels are found within the face

Answer 7

Superficial temporal vessels, auriculotemporal nerve, posterior auricular vein and artery, facial vein and artery, and the transverse facial artery

Question 8

What are the four muscles of mastication

Answer 8

Masseter, temporalis, medial pytergoid and lateral pterygoid

Question 9

What innervates the muscles of mastication

Answer 9

The mandibular division of the trigmeninal nerve

Question 10

What are the movements of the mandible

Answer 10

Elevation, depression, protrusion, retrustion and lateral sliding

Question 11

How does depression of the mandible occur

Answer 11

Through gravity or against force using the supra-hyoid muscles

Question 12

What covers temporalis

Answer 12

A temporal fascia

Question 13

Attachment of temporalis

Answer 13

Temporal fossa and fascia

Question 14

Insertion of temporalis

Answer 14

Coronoid process and anterior body of the ramus of the mandible

Question 15

Function of temporalis

Answer 15

Anterior and superior fibres - elevate the mandible

Posterior fibres - retract the mandible

Question 16

Innervation of temporalis

Answer 16

Deep temporal nerves from the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal

Question 17

Attachment of masseter

Answer 17

Zygomatic arch

Question 18

Insertion of masseter

Answer 18

Lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible

Question 19

Function of masseter

Answer 19

Elevates the mandible

Question 20

Innervation of masseter

Answer 20

Masseteric nerve from the anterior division of the mandivular division of the trigeminal

Question 21

Attachment of the lateral pytergoid

Answer 21

Upper head - infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid
Lower head - lateral surface of the pyteroid plate

Question 22

Insertion of the lateral pytergoid

Answer 22

Neck of the mandible and articular discs

Question 23

Function of the lateral pytergoid

Answer 23

Pulling the neck forward with the articular disc and in lateral chewing along with the medial pytergoid

Question 24

Innervation of the lateral pytergoid

Answer 24

Nerve to lateral pytergoid (from anterior division of mandibular division of the trigmenial)

Question 25

Attachment of the medial pytergoid

Answer 25

Superficial head - tubercle of the maxilla | Deep head - medial surface of the lateral pytergoid plate

Question 26

Insertion of the medial pytergoid

Answer 26

Medial surface of the angle of the mandible

Question 27

Function of the medial pytergoid

Answer 27

Assists in elevation

Question 28

Innervation of the medial pytergoid

Answer 28

Nerve to medial pytergoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal

Question 29

What does elevation of the mandible involve

Answer 29

The head of the mandible and discs moving backwards and the head rotates on the lower surface of the disc TEMPORALIS, MASSETER AND MEDIAL PYTERGOID

Question 30

What is involved in depression of the mandible

Answer 30

The head of the mandible rotates on the under surface of the articular disc and the mandible is pulled forward LATERAL PYTERGOID, DIGASTRIC, GENIOHYOID, MYLOHYOID AND GRAVITY

Question 31

What is involved in protrusion of the mandible

Answer 31

The articular disc and head of the mandible move forward LATERAL PYTERGOID

Question 32

What is involved in retrusion

Answer 32

The articular disc and head of the mandible are pulled backwards into the mandibular fossa POSTERIOR FIBRES OF TEMPORALIS

Question 33

What is lateral chewing

Answer 33

Combination of protrusion and retraction PYTERGOIDS

Question 34

Where does the nerve to medial pytergoid pass through

Answer 34

The otic ganglion

Question 35

What does the nerve to medial pytergoid join with

Answer 35

Tensor veli palatine and tensor tympani

Question 36

What does the auriculotemporal nerve carry

Answer 36

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion

Question 37

What joins the lingual nerve

Answer 37

Chorda tympani carrying parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 38

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid

Answer 38

The maxillary and superficial temporal

Question 39

What are the posterior branches of the external carotid

Answer 39

Occipital, posterior auricular and ascending pharyngeal

Question 40

What does the occipital supply

Answer 40

The back of the scalp

Question 41

What does the posterior auricular supply

Answer 41

The scalp

Question 42

What does the ascending pharyngeal give branches to

Answer 42

The pharnyx

Question 43

What are the anterior branches of the external carotid

Answer 43

Superior thyroid, lingual and facial

Question 44

What does the superior thyroid give branches to

Answer 44

SCM and the superior laryngeal artery

Question 45

What does the lingual artery supply

Answer 45

The oral cavity

Question 46

Where is the facial nerve found

Answer 46

Above the greater Cornu and passes deep to the posterior belly of digastric

Question 47

What are the branches of the facial artery

Answer 47

Superior and inferior labial, and angular arteries

Question 48

What does the superficial temporal supply

Answer 48

Skin over the frontal and temporal regions

Question 49

What does the maxillary artery supply

Answer 49

Muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and the meninges