L10 - Personality Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is personality?
Consistent social behaviour, thoughts, and emotions across time and situations (Lindsay et al., 2008)
What are the three levels of personality according to Hollander (1967)?
Psychological core, Typical responses, Role-related behaviour
What is the psychological core?
Deepest, most stable component; includes beliefs, values, attitudes
What are typical responses?
Usual ways of responding to environments; often reflect psychological core
What is role-related behaviour?
Behaviour based on social situation; most changeable aspect
What are the five major approaches to studying personality?
Psychodynamic, Trait, Situational, Interactional, Phenomenological
What is the psychodynamic approach?
Focuses on unconscious drives (id) vs. conscious control (superego); behaviour arises from internal conflict
What are the components of Freud’s theory?
Id, Ego, Superego
Key limitation of psychodynamic approach?
Difficult to test, neglects social environment
What is a trait?
Stable characteristic predisposing behaviour regardless of situation
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
What traits correlate with higher physical activity?
Extraversion and Conscientiousness (Rhodes, 2006)
Limitation of trait approach?
Doesn’t always predict specific behaviours in specific situations
What does the situational approach propose?
Behaviour is shaped by environment and social reinforcement
Main limitation of situational approach?
Doesn’t account for individual differences in behaviour
What is the interactional approach?
Behaviour results from interaction of personality and situation
Why is the interactional approach preferred?
Widely adopted; integrates both person and environment factors
What is the phenomenological approach?
Focus on individual’s interpretation of self and environment (‘lived experience’)
Why use sport-specific personality measures?
They better predict behaviour in sport contexts than general tests
Examples of personality measures?
Sport Confidence Inventory, POMS, TAI, CSAI-2
What did Nia & Besharat (2010) find?
Individual sports: conscientiousness/autonomy; Team sports: agreeableness/sociotropy
What is the Profile of Mood States (POMS)?
Measures tension, anger, activity, fatigue, depression, confusion; total mood disturbance score
What is Morgan’s Iceberg Profile?
Successful athletes show higher positive mood and lower negative mood on POMS
What are characteristics of Type A behaviour?
Urgency, competitiveness, hostility; linked to higher CVD risk
