L11 - Psychology of Physical Activity Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is Exercise Psychology?
Application of psychology to health-enhancing physical activity and exercise
List key benefits of physical activity.
Weight control, reduced disease risk, reduced stress/depression, enhanced self-esteem, enjoyment, social opportunities
What are key reasons people exercise?
Weight control, self-presentation, reducing disease risk, stress/depression reduction, enjoyment, self-esteem, socialising
What did Wipfli et al. (2008) conclude (exercise effect on anxiety)
Exercise led to greater reductions in anxiety than other treatments (49 study review)
What % of UK adults correctly recalled aerobic guidelines (Knox et al., 2013)?
0.18
What % correctly identified moderate-vigorous activity (Hunter et al., 2014)?
0.084
What are common barriers to exercise (Tobi et al., 2012)?
Lack of time, energy, motivation (internal, controllable factors)
What did Netz et al. (2008) find about age differences in exercise barriers?
Older adults cite health; women cite internal barriers like lack of self-discipline
What are the effects of sedentary behaviour on youth (Tremblay et al., 2011)?
Lower fitness/self-esteem/academic achievement, worse body composition and prosocial behaviour
What are adult risks of sedentary behaviour (Edwardson et al., 2012)?
73% increased metabolic syndrome risk, more cardiovascular disease
Why do many exercise prescriptions fail?
They ignore psychological readiness and are too rigid for beginners
How can adherence be improved?
Use smaller goals, consider psychological readiness, promote self-responsibility
What does the Health Belief Model explain?
Health behaviour based on attitudes, perceived threat, benefits vs costs, motivation, and cues to action
What is a limitation of the Health Belief Model?
Developed for disease, not exercise; inconsistent results (Berger et al., 2015)
What are the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour?
Attitude, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control -> Intention -> Behaviour
What does perceived behavioural control include?
Self-efficacy and controllability
What did Hausenblas et al. (1997) meta-analysis conclude?
TPB better than TRA in predicting exercise behaviour
What are the stages in the Transtheoretical Model?
Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, Termination
What is the termination stage?
5+ years regular PA with 100% self-efficacy; relapse unlikely (Cardinal, 1997)
What did Marshall & Biddle (2001) find about decisional balance?
Pros increase and cons decrease with each stage forward
What are the three main strategy types for exercise adherence?
Behaviour modification, reinforcement, cognitive behavioural
What are prompts and how do they work?
Cues that initiate behaviour; aim to increase desired cues, reduce competing ones
What were the results of Auweele et al. (2005) stair prompt study?
Use increased from 69% to 85% with signs and emails; dropped after prompt removed
How can feedback improve adherence?
Self-monitoring via apps, pedometers, logs increases PA awareness and motivation
