L7 - Psychological Skills I Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is the ultimate goal of Psychological Skills Training (PST)?
Self-regulation: athletes functioning effectively without constant direction
What are common sources of PST knowledge?
Research on elite athletes, coaches’ and athletes’ experiences as well as clinical psychology
What did Krane and Williams (2021) associate with PST?
Higher confidence, self-regulation, concentration, positive thoughts, imagery, determination
What did Brown & Fletcher (2017) conclude about PST?
Improves psychological and psychosocial performance; effects last ~1 month; better when delivered by coaches
What are the three components of anxiety in athletes?
Cognitive (worry), Somatic (tension), Behavioural (communication/facial changes)
What is the Matching Hypothesis in coping with anxiety?
Match anxiety type with intervention: cognitive = mental relaxation, somatic = physical relaxation
What is problem-focused coping?
Managing the stressor directly: info gathering, planning, goal setting, self-talk, time management
What is emotion-focused coping?
Regulating emotional responses: meditation, relaxation, wishful thinking, reappraisal
What is progressive muscle relaxation?
Tensing and releasing muscle groups to increase body awareness and reduce tension (Jacobson, 1938; Öst, 1988)
What is diaphragmatic breathing and its benefit?
Breathing technique that decreases muscle tension; critical in high-pressure moments
What is pressure training?
Creating training environments with task, performer, and environment stressors to build coping skills (Stoker et al., 2016)
What are the three types of self-talk?
Positive, Instructional, Negative
What is strategic self-talk?
Planned phrases to trigger motivational or instructional effects
What is spontaneous self-talk?
Unintended, naturally arising thoughts
What is thought stopping?
A technique using cue words to stop negative thoughts (e.g., ‘stop’, ‘hold’)
What is reframing in CBT/REBT?
Changing irrational beliefs to rational ones to improve performance
What factors influence self-talk?
Individual differences, culture (e.g. East Asians more negative but perform better), coaching practices
Which therapies influence self-talk theory?
REBT (Ellis, 1957) and CBT (Beck, 1975)
What are best practices for reframing negative self-talk?
Use short, specific, first-person, positive phrases with personal meaning and repetition
