L3 - The Self Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the three key constructs of the self in sport?
Self-esteem, Self-confidence, and Self-efficacy
What limits a person’s performance in sport?
Their level of self-esteem, self-confidence, and self-efficacy
What is self-esteem?
Personal judgment of worthiness; how positive someone feels about themselves
How is self-esteem different from self-concept?
Self-concept is what we know about ourselves, self-esteem is how we feel about ourselves
What is the structure of self-esteem?
Multidimensional and hierarchical; global self-esteem at the top, subdomains below
How does low self-esteem affect athletes?
Makes performance unstable, increases negative self-perception, lowers resilience
What behaviours are associated with high self-esteem?
Positive feedback loop: high motivation, confidence, consistent performance
What is the impact of exercise on self-esteem?
Small but significant improvements in global self-esteem, especially in physical self domains
Which activities positively affect physical self-perception?
Running, walking, cycling, weight-training, step dance, golf
What is self-confidence?
Belief in one’s ability to be successful
What is sport confidence?
Certainty in one’s ability to succeed in sport (Vealey, 1986)
What are trait vs. state self-confidence?
Trait = general and stable, State = current and temporary
What are the benefits of self-confidence?
Affects affect, behaviour, cognition, increases effort and performance
What is optimal self-confidence?
Confidence at a level that motivates effort without becoming arrogance
What are signs of overconfidence?
Underestimating opponents, overestimating own ability, poor preparation
What can cause loss of confidence after success?
Pressure to repeat success, focus on weaknesses, dissonance with expectations
What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?
A prediction that causes itself to become true through behaviour
What is a negative self-fulfilling prophecy?
Expecting failure leads to failure and lower future expectations
What are methods to build self-confidence?
Performance accomplishments, acting and thinking confidently, imagery, goal-setting, preparation
What is self-efficacy?
Perception of one’s ability to perform a task in a specific situation
How is self-efficacy different from self-confidence?
Self-efficacy is situation-specific, self-confidence is general
According to Bandura, what predicts behaviour better than actual ability?
Beliefs about one’s capabilities
What are the three components of self-efficacy theory?
SE expectancy, Outcome expectancy, Outcome value
What happens when someone with high SE fails?
They attribute it to effort and persist
