L11 Flashcards
(142 cards)
2
Q
impervious
A
[im’pə:viəs] adj. 不受影响的，无动于衷的；不能渗透的
Adj.1 a : not allowing entrance or passage : IMPENETRABLE a coat impervious to rain b : not capable of being damaged or harmed a carpet impervious to rough treatment
2 : not capable of being affected or disturbed impervious to criticism
3
Q
impetuous
A
[im’petjuəs] adj. 冲动的；鲁莽的；猛烈的
Adj.1 : marked by impulsive vehemence or passion an impetuous temperament
2 : marked by force and violence of movement or action an impetuous wind
synonyms see PRECIPITATE
4
Q
impiety
A
[im’paiəti] n. 不虔诚；不尊敬；无信仰；无信心
n.1 : the quality or state of being impious : IRREVERENCE
2 : an impious act
5
Q
implausible
A
[im’plɔ:zəbl] adj. 难以置信的，不像真实的
Adj.: not plausible : provoking disbelief
6
Q
implement
A
[‘implimənt, ‘impliment] vt. 实施，执行；实现，使生效
n. 工具，器具；手段
n.1 : an article serving to equip the implements of religious worship
2 : a device used in the performance of a task : TOOL, UTENSIL
3 : one that serves as an instrument or tool the partnership agreement does not seem to be a very potent implement — H. B. Hoffman
synonyms IMPLEMENT, TOOL, INSTRUMENT, APPLIANCE, UTENSIL
7
Q
implication
A
[,impli’keiʃən] n. 含义；暗示；牵连，卷入
n.1 a : the act of implicating : the state of being implicated b : close connection; especially : an incriminating involvement
2 a : the act of implying : the state of being implied b (1) : a logical relation between two propositions that fails to hold only if the first is true and the second is false — see TRUTH TABLE table (2) : a logical relationship between two propositions in which if the first is true the second is true (3) : a statement exhibiting a relation of implication
3 : something implied: as a : SUGGESTION b : a possible significance the book has political implications
8
Q
imply
A
[im’plai] vt. 意味；暗示；隐含
vt.1 obsolete : ENFOLD, ENTWINE
2 : to involve or indicate by inference, association, or necessary consequence rather than by direct statement rights imply obligations
3 : to contain potentially
4 : to express indirectly his silence implied consent
synonyms see SUGGEST
usage see INFER
9
Q
impolitic
A
[im’pɔlətik] adj. 失策的；不明智的
Adj.: not politic : UNWISE
10
Q
imponderable
A
[ɪm’pɑndərəbl]
adj. 无重量的；无法计算的
n. 无法衡量的事物
Adj. : not ponderable : incapable of being weighed or evaluated with exactness the imponderable beauties of Beethoven’sTsonatas — Cecelia Porter
11
Q
impose
A
[ɪm’poz]
vi. 利用；欺骗；施加影响
vt. 强加；征税；以…欺骗
Transitive verb
1 a : to establish or apply by authority impose a tax impose new restrictions impose penalties b : to establish or bring about as if by force those limits imposed by our own inadequacies — C. H. Plimpton
2 a : PLACE, SET b : to arrange (as pages) in the proper order for printing
3 : PASS OFF impose fake antiques on the public
4 : to force into the company or on the attention of another impose oneself on others
intransitive verb : to take unwarranted advantage of something imposed on his good nature
12
Q
impostor
A
[ɪm’pɒstə] n. 骗子；冒充者
n. : one that assumes false identity or title for the purpose of deception
13
Q
imposture
A
[im’pɔstʃə] n. 欺诈，欺骗；冒牌
n.1 : the act or practice of deceiving by means of an assumed character or name
2 : an instance of imposture
synonyms IMPOSTURE, FRAUD, SHAM, FAKE, HUMBUG, COUNTERFEIT mean a thing made to seem other than it is. IMPOSTURE applies to any situation in which a spurious object or performance is passed off as genuine their claim of environmental concern is an imposture. FRAUD usually implies a deliberate perversion of the truth the diary was exposed as a fraud. SHAM applies to fraudulent imitation of a real thing or action condemned the election as a sham. FAKE implies an imitation of or substitution for the genuine but does not necessarily imply dishonesty these jewels are fakes; the real ones are in the vault. HUMBUG suggests elaborate pretense usually so flagrant as to be transparent creating publicity by foisting humbugs on a gullible public. COUNTERFEIT applies especially to the close imitation of something valuable 20-dollar bills that were counterfeits.
14
Q
impound
A
[ɪm’paʊnd]
vt. 没收；拘留；将…关在圈中
vt.1 a : to shut up in or as if in a pound : CONFINE b : to seize and hold in the custody of the law c : to take possession of she was dismissed and her manuscript impounded — Jonathan Weiner
2 : to collect and confine (water) in or as if in a reservoir
15
Q
impracticable
A
[ɪm’præktɪkəb(ə)l] adj. 行不通的；不能实行的
Adj.1 : IMPASSABLE an impracticable road
2 : not practicable : incapable of being performed or accomplished by the means employed or at command an impracticable proposal
16
Q
impractical
A
[im’præktikəl] adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的
Adj. : not practical: as a : not wise to put into or keep in practice or effect b : incapable of dealing sensibly or prudently with practical matters c : IMPRACTICABLE d : IDEALISTIC
17
Q
imprecise
A
[,impri’sais] adj. 不精确的；不严密的；不确切的
Adj.: not precise : INEXACT, VAGUE an imprecise estimate
18
Q
impress
A
[im’pres, ‘impres] vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象
vi. 给人印象
n. 印象，印记；特征，痕迹
A.transitive verb
1 a : to apply with pressure so as to imprint b : to produce (as a mark) by pressure c : to mark by or as if by pressure or stamping
2 a : to produce a vivid impression of b : to affect especially forcibly or deeply : gain the admiration or interest of her honesty impressed us
3 : TRANSFER, TRANSMIT
intransitive verb : to produce an impression
synonyms see AFFECT
B.n.1 : a characteristic or distinctive mark : STAMP the impress of a fresh and vital intelligence is stampedTin his work — Lytton Strachey
2 : IMPRESSION, EFFECT have an impress on history
3 : the act of impressing
4 a : a mark made by pressure : IMPRINT b : an image of something formed by or as if by pressure; especially : SEAL c : a product of pressure or influence
C.vt.1 : to levy or take by force for public service; especially : to force into naval service
2 a : to procure or enlist by forcible persuasion b : FORCE impressed him into a white coat for the Christmas festivities — Nancy Hale
D.n. : IMPRESSMENT
19
Q
impressionable
A
[ɪm’preʃ(ə)nəb(ə)l] adj. 敏感的；易受影响的
Adj. : capable of being easily impressed
20
Q
impressive
A
[im’presiv] adj. 感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的
Adj.: making or tending to make a marked impression : having the power to excite attention, awe, or admiration an impressive display of skill
21
Q
impromptu
A
[im’prɔmptju:] n. 即兴曲；即席演出
adv. 即席地
adj. 即席的
n.1 : something that is impromptu
2 : a musical composition suggesting improvisation
Adj.1 : made, done, or formed on or as if on the spur of the moment : IMPROVISED
2 : composed or uttered without previous preparation : EXTEMPORANEOUS
–impromptu adverb
22
Q
improper
A
[ɪm’prɑpɚ]
adj. 不正确的，错误的；不适当的；不合礼仪的
Adj. : not proper: as a : not in accord with fact, truth, or right procedure : INCORRECT improper inference b : not regularly or normally formed or not properly so called c : not suited to the circumstances, design, or end improper medicine d : not in accord with propriety, modesty, good manners, or good taste improper language
23
Q
impropriety
A
[,imprə’praiəti] n. 不适当；不正确；用词错误；不正当行为
n.1 : an improper or indecorous act or remark; especially : an unacceptable use of a word or of language
2 : the quality or state of being improper
24
Q
improvident
A
[im’prɔvidənt] adj. 浪费的；无远见的；无先见之明的
Adj. : not provident : not foreseeing and providing for the future
25
Q
improvise
A
[‘imprəvaiz] vt. 即兴创作；即兴表演；临时做；临时提供
vi. 即兴创作；即兴表演；临时凑合
Transitive verb
1 : to compose, recite, play, or sing extemporaneously
2 : to make, invent, or arrange offhand
3 : to make or fabricate out of what is conveniently on hand improvise a meal
intransitive verb : to improvise something
26
imprudent
[im'pru:dənt] adj. 轻率的，鲁莽的；不小心的
| Adj. : not prudent : lacking discretion, wisdom, or good judgment *an imprudent investor*
27
impudent
['impjudənt] adj. 无耻的；鲁莽的；放肆无礼的
Adj.1 obsolete : lacking modesty
2 : marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or disregard of others : INSOLENT
28
impugn
[im'pju:n] vt. 责难；驳斥
vt.1 : to assail by words or arguments : oppose or attack as false or lacking integrity *impugned the defendant's character*
2 obsolete a : ASSAIL b : RESIST
29
impulse
['impʌls] n. 冲动；脉冲；刺激；神经冲动；推动力
vt. 推动
vt.: to give an impulse to
n.1 a : INSPIRATION, MOTIVATION b : a force so communicated as to produce motion suddenly c : INCENTIVE
2 a : the act of driving onward with sudden force : IMPULSION b : motion produced by such an impulsion : IMPETUS c : a wave of excitation transmitted through tissues and especially nerve fibers and muscles that results in physiological activity or inhibition
3 a : a sudden spontaneous inclination or incitement to some usually unpremeditated action b : a propensity or natural tendency usually other than rational
4 a : the product of the average value of a force and the time during which it acts : the change in momentum produced by the force b : PULSE 4a
synonyms see MOTIVE
30
impulsive
[im'pʌlsiv] adj. 冲动的；受感情驱使的；任性的
Adj.1 : having the power of or actually driving or impelling
2 a : arising from an impulse *an impulsive decision* b : prone to act on impulse *an impulsive young man*
3 : acting momentarily
synonyms see SPONTANEOUS
31
impunity
[ɪm'pjunəti]
n. 不受惩罚；无患；[法] 免罚
n. : exemption or freedom from punishment, harm, or loss *laws were flouted with impunity*
32
impute
[im'pju:t] vt. 归罪于，归咎于；嫁祸于
vt.1 : to lay the responsibility or blame for often falsely or unjustly
2 : to credit to a person or a cause : ATTRIBUTE *our vices as well as our virtues have been imputed to bodily derangement — B. N. Cardozo*
synonyms see ASCRIBE
33
inadvertent
[,inəd'və:tənt] adj. 疏忽的；不注意的（副词inadvertently）；无意中做的
Adj.1 : not focusing the mind on a matter : INATTENTIVE
2 : UNINTENTIONAL *an inadvertent omission*
34
inadvisable
[,inəd'vaizəbl] adj. 失策的，不明智的；不受劝告的
| Adj.: not advisable : not wise or prudent *inadvisable haste*
35
inalienable
[in'eiljənəbl] adj. 不可分割的；不可剥夺的；不能让与的
| Adj.: incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred *inalienable rights*
36
inane
[i'nein] adj. 空洞的，空虚的；愚蠢的
Adj.1 : EMPTY, INSUBSTANTIAL
2 : lacking significance, meaning, or point : SILLY *inane comments*
synonyms see INSIPID
37
inappropriate
[,inə'prəupriət] adj. 不适当的；不相称的
| Adj.: not appropriate : UNSUITABLE
38
inaugurate
[i'nɔ:ɡjureit] vt. 创新；开辟；开创；举行开幕典礼；举行就职典礼
1 : to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies
2 a : to dedicate ceremoniously : observe formally the beginning of *inaugurate a new school* b : to bring about the beginning of
synonyms see BEGIN
39
inborn
['inbɔ:n] adj. 天生的；先天的
Adj.1 : present from or as if from birth
2 : HEREDITARY, INHERITED
synonyms see INNATE
40
incandescent
[,inkæn'desənt] adj. 辉耀的；炽热的；发白热光的
Adj.1 a : white, glowing, or luminous with intense heat b : strikingly bright, radiant, or clear c : marked by brilliance especially of expression *incandescent wit* d : characterized by glowing zeal : ARDENT *incandescent affection*
2 a : of, relating to, or being light produced by incandescence b : producing light by incandescence
n.: LIGHTBULB a
41
incapacitate
[,inkə'pæsiteit] vt. 使无能力；使不能；使不适于
vt.1 : to make legally incapable or ineligible
2 : to deprive of capacity or natural power : DISABLE
42
incarnate
[in'kɑ:nit, -neit, in'kɑ:neit] adj. 化身的；人体化的；肉色的
vt. 体现；使…具体化；使实体化
1 a : invested with bodily and especially human nature and form b : made manifest or comprehensible : EMBODIED *a fiend incarnate*
2 : INCARNADINE *incarnate clover*
43
incendiary
[in'sendjəri] n. 燃烧弹；纵火犯，放火者；煽动者
adj. 煽动的；放火的，纵火的
1 a : a person who commits arson : ARSONIST b : an incendiary agent (as a bomb)
2 : a person who excites factions, quarrels, or sedition : AGITATOR
44
incense
['insens] vt. 向…焚香；使…发怒
n. 香；奉承
vi. 焚香
1 : material used to produce a fragrant odor when burned
2 : the perfume exhaled from some spices and gums when burned; broadly : a pleasing scent
3 : pleasing attention : FLATTERY
45
incentive
[in'sentiv] n. 动机；刺激
adj. 激励的；刺激的
n. : something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or action
synonyms see MOTIVE
46
incessant
[in'sesənt] adj. 不断的；不停的；连续的
Adj.: continuing or following without interruption : UNCEASING
synonyms see CONTINUAL
47
incidence
['insidəns] n. 发生率；影响；入射；影响范围
n.1 a : ANGLE OF INCIDENCE b : the arrival of something (as a projectile or a ray of light) at a surface
2 a : an act or the fact or manner of falling upon or affecting : OCCURRENCE b : rate of occurrence or influence *a high incidence of crime*
48
incidental
[,insi'dentəl] adj. 附带的；偶然的；容易发生的
n. 附带事件；偶然事件；杂项
Adj.1 a : being likely to ensue as a chance or minor consequence *social obligations incidental to the job* b : MINOR 1
2 : occurring merely by chance or without intention or calculation
n.1 plural : minor items (as of expense) that are not particularized
2 : something that is incidental
49
incipient
[in'sipiənt] adj. 初期的；初始的；起初的；发端的
Adj.: beginning to come into being or to become apparent *an incipient solar system* *evidence of incipient racial tension*
50
incise
[in'saiz] vt. 切；切割；雕刻
vt.1 : to cut into
2 a : to carve figures, letters, or devices into : ENGRAVE b : to carve (as an inscription) into a surface
51
incisive
[in'saisiv] adj. 深刻的；敏锐的；锋利的
Adj. : impressively direct and decisive (as in manner or presentation) *an incisive analysis* *an incisive unsentimental writer*
52
incoherent
[ɪnkə(ʊ)'hɪər(ə)nt] adj. 语无伦次的；不连贯的；不合逻辑的
Adj. : lacking coherence: as a : lacking cohesion : LOOSE b : lacking orderly continuity, arrangement, or relevance : INCONSISTENT *an incoherent essay* c : lacking normal clarity or intelligibility in speech or thought *incoherent with grief*
53
incommensurate
[,ɪnkə'menʃ(ə)rət; -sjə-] adj. 不适应的；不相称的；不成比例
Adj. : not commensurate: as a : INCOMMENSURABLE b : INADEQUATE c : DISPROPORTIONATE *a confidence incommensurate with their ability*
54
incompatibility
['inkəm,pætə'biləti] n. 不相容；不协调；不一致
n.1 a : the quality or state of being incompatible b : lack of interfertility between two plants
2 plural : mutually antagonistic things or qualities
55
incompatible
[,inkəm'pætəbl] adj. 不相容的；矛盾的；不能同时成立的
n. 互不相容的人或事物
Adj.1 : incapable of being held by one person at one time — used of offices that make conflicting demands on the holder
2 : not compatible: as a : incapable of association or harmonious coexistence *incompatible colors* b : unsuitable for use together because of undesirable chemical or physiological effects *incompatible drugs* c : not both true *incompatible propositions* d : incapable of blending into a stable homogeneous mixture
56
incompetent
[in'kɔmpitənt] adj. 无能力的，不胜任的；不合适的；不适当的；无力的
n. 无能力者
Adj.1 : not legally qualified
2 : inadequate to or unsuitable for a particular purpose
3 a : lacking the qualities needed for effective action b : unable to function properly *incompetent heart valves*
57
incomplete
[,inkəm'pli:t] adj. 不完全的；不完备的
Adj.1 : not complete : UNFINISHED: as a : lacking a part; especially : lacking one or more sets of floral organs b of insect metamorphosis : characterized by the absence of a pupal stage between the immature stages and the adult of an insect in which the young usually resemble the adult — compare COMPLETE 5
2 of a football pass : not legally caught
58
incomprehensible
[in,kɔmpri'hensəbl] adj. 费解的；不可思议的；无限的
Adj.1 archaic : having or subject to no limits
2 : impossible to comprehend : UNINTELLIGIBLE *incomprehensible instructions*
59
inconclusive
[,inkən'klu:siv] adj. 不确定的；非决定性的；无结果的
| Adj. : leading to no conclusion or definite result *inconclusive evidence* *an inconclusive argument*
60
incongruity
[,inkɔŋ'ɡru:əti] n. 不协调；不一致；不适宜
n.1 : the quality or state of being incongruous
2 : something that is incongruous
61
incongruous
[in'kɔŋɡruəs] adj. 不协调的；不一致的；不和谐的
Adj.: lacking congruity: as a : not harmonious : INCOMPATIBLE *incongruous colors* b : not conforming : DISAGREEING *conduct incongruous with principle* c : inconsistent within itself *an incongruous story* d : lacking propriety : UNSUITABLE *incongruous manners*
62
inconsequential
[,inkɔnsi'kwenʃəl] adj. 不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的
Adj.1 a : ILLOGICAL b : IRRELEVANT
2 : of no significance : UNIMPORTANT
63
inconsolable
[ɪnkən'səʊləb(ə)l] adj. 无法安慰的；极为伤心的
| adj. : incapable of being consoled : DISCONSOLATE
64
incontrovertible
[,inkɔntrə'və:tibl] adj. 无可争议的；无疑的；明白的
| Adj. : not open to question : INDISPUTABLE
65
inconvenient
[,inkən'vi:njənt] adj. 不便的；打扰的
| Adj.: not convenient especially in giving trouble or annoyance : INOPPORTUNE *an inconvenient time*
66
incorporate
[in'kɔ:pəreit, in'kɔ:pərət] vt. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并
vi. 合并；混合；组成公司
adj. 合并的；一体化的；组成公司的
Transitive verb
1 a : to unite or work into something already existent so as to form an indistinguishable whole b : to blend or combine thoroughly
2 a : to form into a legal corporation b : to admit to membership in a corporate body
3 : to give material form to : EMBODY
intransitive verb
1 : to unite in or as one body
2 : to form or become a corporation
Adj : INCORPORATED
67
incorrigible
[in'kɔridʒəbl] adj. 不可救药的；积习难改的
n. 不可救药的人
Adj. : incapable of being corrected or amended: as a (1) : not reformable : DEPRAVED (2) : DELINQUENT b : not manageable : UNRULY c : UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE
68
incorruptible
[,inkə'rʌptəbl] adj. 清廉的；不能收买的；不腐败的
Adj. : incapable of corruption: as a : not subject to decay or dissolution b : incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted
69
incredulity
[ɪnkrə'djuːlətɪ] n. 怀疑；不轻信，不易相信
| n.: the quality or state of being incredulous : DISBELIEF
70
incumbent
[in'kʌmbənt] adj. 现任的；依靠的；负有职责的
n. 在职者；现任者；[英]领圣俸者
n.1 : the holder of an office or ecclesiastical benefice
2 : one that occupies a particular position or place
71
indebted
[in'detid] adj. 负债的；感激的；受惠的
v. 使负债；使受恩惠
Adj.1 : owing gratitude or recognition to another : BEHOLDEN
2 : owing money
72
indecipherable
[,indi'saifərəbl] adj. 无法解释的；破译不出的；难辨认的
| Adj. : incapable of being deciphered
73
indefatigable
[,indi'fætiɡəbl] adj. 不知疲倦的；不屈不挠的；有耐性的
| Adj.: incapable of being fatigued : UNTIRING *an indefatigable worker*
74
indent
[in'dent, 'indent] vt. 定货；缩排；印凹痕
vi. 切割成锯齿状
n. 缩进；订货单；凹痕；契约
Transitive verb
1 a : to divide (a document) so as to produce sections with irregular edges that can be matched for authentication b : to draw up (as a deed) in two or more exactly corresponding copies
2 : to notch the edge of : make jagged
3 : INDENTURE
4 : to set (as a line of a paragraph) in from the margin
5 chiefly British : to order by an indent
intransitive verb
1 obsolete : to make a formal or express agreement
2 : to form an indentation
3 chiefly British : to make out an indent for something
n.1 a : INDENTURE 1 b : a certificate issued by the United States at the close of the American Revolution for the principal or interest on the public debt
2 chiefly British a : an official requisition b : a purchase order for goods especially when sent from a foreign country
3 : INDENTION
vt.1 : to force inward so as to form a depression
2 : to form a dent in
n.: INDENTATION
75
indented
[in'dentid] adj. 犬牙交错的；受契约约束的；[印刷]缩进排印的
| v. 缩进；切割成锯齿状
76
indenture
```
[in'dentʃə] n. 契约；合同
vt. 以契约约束
n.1 a (1) : a document or a section of a document that is indented (2) : a formal or official document usually executed in two or more copies (3) : a contract binding one person to work for another for a given period of time — often used in plural b : a formal certificate (as an inventory or voucher) prepared for purposes of control c : a document stating the terms under which a security (as a bond) is issued
2 : INDENTATION 1
3 [3indent] : DENT
```
77
indestructible
[ɪndɪ'strʌktɪb(ə)l] adj. 不可毁灭的，不能破坏的
| Adj.: incapable of being destroyed, ruined, or rendered ineffective
78
indicate
['indikeit] vt. 表明；指出；预示；象征
vt.1 a : to point out or point to b : to be a sign, symptom, or index of *the high fever indicates a serious condition* c : to demonstrate or suggest the necessity or advisability of *indicated the need for a new school* *the indicated treatment*
2 : to state or express briefly *indicated a desire to cooperate*
79
indict
[in'dait] vt. 控告，起诉；揭发
vt.1 : to charge with a fault or offense : CRITICIZE, ACCUSE
2 : to charge with a crime by the finding or presentment of a jury (as a grand jury) in due form of law
80
indigence
['indidʒəns,-dʒənsi] n. 穷困；贫乏；贫穷
n.: a level of poverty in which real hardship and deprivation are suffered and comforts of life are wholly lacking
synonyms see POVERTY
81
indigenous
[in'didʒinəs] adj. 本土的；土著的；国产的；固有的
1 : having originated in and being produced, growing, living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or environment *indigenous plants* *the indigenous culture*
2 : INNATE, INBORN
synonyms see NATIVE
82
indignation
[,indiɡ'neiʃən] n. 愤慨；愤怒；义愤
n. : anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean
synonyms see ANGER
83
indiscriminate
[,indis'kriminət] adj. 任意的；无差别的；不分皂白的
Adj.1 a : not marked by careful distinction : deficient in discrimination and discernment *indiscriminate reading habits* *indiscriminate mass destruction* b : HAPHAZARD, RANDOM *indiscriminate application of a law*
2 a : PROMISCUOUS, UNRESTRAINED *indiscriminate sexual behavior* b : HETEROGENEOUS, MOTLEY *an indiscriminate collection*
84
indiscriminately
[indi'skriminitli] adv. 不加选择地；任意地
| Adv.
85
indistinguishable
[,indis'tiŋɡwiʃəbl] adj. 不能区别的，不能辨别的；不易察觉的
Adj. not distinguishable: as a : indeterminate in shape or structure *indistinguishable forms in the mist* b : not clearly recognizable or understandable *indistinguishable differences* c : lacking identifying or individualizing qualities *seemingly indistinguishable alternatives*
86
individual
[,indi'vidjuəl, -dʒəl] adj. 个人的；个别的；独特的
n. 个人，个体
Adj.1 obsolete : INSEPARABLE
2 a : of, relating to, or distinctively associated with an individual *an individual effort* b : being an individual or existing as an indivisible whole c : intended for one person *an individual serving*
3 : existing as a distinct entity : SEPARATE
4 : having marked individuality *an individual style*
n.1 a : a particular being or thing as distinguished from a class, species, or collection: as (1) : a single human being as contrasted with a social group or institution *a teacher who works with individuals* (2) : a single organism as distinguished from a group b : a particular person *are you the individual I spoke with on the telephone?*
2 : an indivisible entity
3 : the reference of a name or variable of the lowest logical type in a calculus
87
individualism
[,indi'vidjuəlizəm, -dʒu-] n. 个人主义；利己主义；个人特征
n.1 a (1) : a doctrine that the interests of the individual are or ought to be ethically paramount; also : conduct guided by such a doctrine (2) : the conception that all values, rights, and duties originate in individuals b : a theory maintaining the political and economic independence of the individual and stressing individual initiative, action, and interests; also : conduct or practice guided by such a theory
2 a : INDIVIDUALITY b : an individual peculiarity : IDIOSYNCRASY
88
indolent
['indələnt] adj. 懒惰的；[医]无痛的
Adj.1 a : causing little or no pain b : slow to develop or heal *indolent tumors* *indolent ulcers*
2 a : averse to activity, effort, or movement : habitually lazy b : conducive to or encouraging laziness *indolent heat* c : exhibiting indolence *an indolent sigh*
synonyms see LAZY
89
indubitably
[in'dju:bitəbli] adv. 无疑地，不容置疑地，不容置疑地
| Adj. : too evident to be doubted : UNQUESTIONABLE
90
inducement
[in'dju:smənt] n. 诱因，刺激物
n.1 : a motive or consideration that leads one to action or to additional or more effective actions
2 : the act or process of inducing
3 : matter presented by way of introduction or background to explain the principal allegations of a legal cause, plea, or defense
synonyms see MOTIVE
91
inducible
[in'dju:səbl] adj. 可诱导的；可导致的
Adj. : capable of being induced: as a : formed by a cell in response to the presence of its substrate *inducible enzymes* b : activated or undergoing expression only in the presence of a particular molecule *an inducible promoter*
92
indulge
[in'dʌldʒ] vt. 满足；纵容；使高兴；使沉迷于…
vi. 沉溺；满足；放任
transitive verb
1 a : to give free rein to b : to take unrestrained pleasure in : GRATIFY
2 a : to yield to the desire of : HUMOR *please indulge me for a moment* b : to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or consideration
intransitive verb : to indulge oneself
–in£dulg£er noun
synonyms INDULGE, PAMPER, HUMOR, SPOIL, BABY, MOLLYCODDLE mean to show undue favor to a person's desires and feelings. INDULGE implies excessive compliance and weakness in gratifying another's or one's own desires *indulged myself with food at the slightest excuse*. PAMPER implies inordinate gratification of desire for luxury and comfort with consequent enervating effect *pampered by the amenities of modern living*. HUMOR stresses a yielding to a person's moods or whims *humored him by letting him tell the story*. SPOIL stresses the injurious effects on character by indulging or pampering *foolish parents spoil their children*. BABY suggests excessive care, attention, or solicitude *babying students by grading too easily*. MOLLYCODDLE suggests an excessive degree of care and attention to another's health or welfare *refused to mollycoddle her malingering son*.
93
indulgent
[in'dʌldʒənt] adj. 放纵的；宽容的；任性的
| Adj. : indulging or characterized by indulgence; especially : LENIENT
94
inefficient
[,ini'fiʃənt] adj. 无效率的，效率低的；无能的
Adj.: not efficient: as a : not producing the effect intended or desired b : wasteful of time or energy *inefficient operating procedures* c : INCAPABLE, INCOMPETENT *an inefficient worker*
95
inelastic
[,ini'læstik] adj. 无弹性的；无适应性的；不能适应的
| Adj. : not elastic: as a : slow to react or respond to changing conditions b : INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING
96
ineligible
[ɪn'elɪdʒɪb(ə)l] n. 无被选资格的人
adj. 不合格的；不适任的；无被选资格的
Adj. : not eligible: as a : not qualified for an office or position b : not permitted under football rules to catch a forward pass *an ineligible receiver*
97
inept
[i'nept] adj. 笨拙的；不适当的
Adj.1 : lacking in fitness or aptitude : UNFIT *inept at sports*
2 : lacking sense or reason : FOOLISH
3 : not suitable to the time, place, or occasion : inappropriate often to an absurd degree *an inept metaphor*
4 : generally incompetent : BUNGLING *inept leadership*
synonyms see AWKWARD
98
ineptitude
[i'neptitju:d] n. 不适当，不合适；不称职；愚笨
| n.: the quality or state of being inept; especially : INCOMPETENCE
99
inert
```
[i'nə:t] adj. 惰性的；呆滞的；迟缓的；无效的
Adj.1 : lacking the power to move
2 : very slow to move or act : SLUGGISH
3 : deficient in active properties; especially : lacking a usual or anticipated chemical or biological action
synonyms see INACTIVE
```
100
inestimable
[in'estiməbl] adj. 无价的；难以估计的
Adj.1 : incapable of being estimated or computed *storms caused inestimable damage*
2 : too valuable or excellent to be measured or appreciated *has performed an inestimable service for his country*
101
inevitable
[in'evitəbl] adj. 必然的，不可避免的
| Adj.: incapable of being avoided or evaded *an inevitable outcome*
102
inexcusable
[,inik'skju:zəbl] adj. 不可原谅的；没法辩解的；不可宽恕的
| Adj. : impossible to excuse or justifify *inexcusable rudeness*
103
inexhaustible
[,iniɡ'zɔ:stəbl] adj. 用不完的；不知疲倦的
Adj. : not exhaustible: as a : incapable of being used up *inexhaustible riches* b : incapable of being wearied or worn out *an inexhaustible hiker*
104
inexorable
[in'eksərəbl] adj. 无情的；不屈不挠的；不可阻挡的；无法改变的
| Adj. : not to be persuaded, moved, or stopped : RELENTLESS *inexorable progress*
105
inexpensive
[,inik'spensiv] adj. 便宜的
| Adj.: reasonable in price : CHEAP
106
inexplicable
[,inik'splikəbl] adj. 费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的
| Adj.: incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for *an inexplicable disappearance*
107
infamous
['infəməs] adj. 声名狼藉的；无耻的；邪恶的；不名誉的
Adj.1 : having a reputation of the worst kind : notoriously evil *an infamous traitor*
2 : causing or bringing infamy : DISGRACEFUL *an infamous crime*
3 : convicted of an offense bringing infamy
108
infant
['infənt] n. 婴儿；幼儿；[律]未成年人
adj. 婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的；未成年的
n.1 : a child in the first period of life
2 : a person who is not of full age : MINOR
Adj.1 : intended for young children
2 : being in an early stage of development
3 : of, relating to, or being in infancy
109
infantile
['infəntail] adj. 婴儿的；幼稚的；初期的
Adj.1 : of or relating to infants or infancy
2 : suitable to or characteristic of an infant; especially : very immature *infantile humor*
110
infect
[in'fekt] vt. 感染，传染
vt.1 : to contaminate with a disease-producing substance or agent (as bacteria)
2 a : to communicate a pathogen or a disease to b of a pathogenic organism : to invade (an individual or organ) usually by penetration c of a computer virus : to become transmitted and copied to (as a computer)
3 a : CONTAMINATE, CORRUPT *the inflated writing that infects such stories* b : to work upon or seize upon so as to induce sympathy, belief, or support *trying to infect their salespeople with their enthusiasm*
111
infection
[in'fekʃən] n. 感染；传染；影响；传染病
n.1 : the act or result of affecting injuriously
2 : an infective agent or material contaminated with an infective agent
3 a : the state produced by the establishment of an infective agent in or on a suitable host b : a disease resulting from infection
4 : an act or process of infecting; also : the establishment of a pathogen in its host after invasion
5 : the communication of emotions or qualities through example or contact
112
infectious
[in'fekʃəs] adj. 传染的；传染性的；易传染的
Adj.1 a : capable of causing infection *viruses and other infectious agents* b : communicable by infection *an infectious disease* — compare CONTAGIOUS
2 : that corrupts or contaminates
3 : spreading or capable of spreading rapidly to others *their enthusiasm was infectious* *an infectious grin*
113
infer
[in'fə:] vt. 推断；推论
vi. 推断；作出推论
Transitive verb
1 : to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises *we see smoke and infer fire — L. A. White* — compare IMPLY
2 : GUESS, SURMISE *your letterTallows me to infer that you are as well as ever — O. W. Holmes *1935*
3 a : to involve as a normal outcome of thought b : to point out : INDICATE *this doth infer the zeal I had to see him — Shakespeare* *another surveyTinfers that two-thirds of all present computer installations are not paying for themselves — H. R. Chellman*
4 : SUGGEST, HINT *are you inferring I'm incompetent?*
intransitive verb : to draw inferences *menThave observed, inferred, and reasonedTto all kinds of results — John Dewey*
114
inferable
[in'fə:rəbl] adj. 能推论的；能推理的
| Adj.
115
inferior
[in'fiəriə] adj. 差的；自卑的；下级的，下等的
n. 下级；次品
Adj.1 : situated lower down : LOWER
2 a : of low or lower degree or rank b : of poor quality : MEDIOCRE
3 : of little or less importance, value, or merit *always felt inferior to his older brother*
4 a : situated below another and especially another similar superior part of an upright body b : situated in a relatively low posterior or ventral position in a quadrupedal body c (1) : situated below another plant part or organ (2) : ABAXIAL
5 : relating to or being a subscript
116
infertile
[in'fə:tail, -til] adj. 不肥沃的；不毛的；不结果实的；不能生殖的
Adj. : not fertile or productive *infertile eggs* *infertile fields*; especially : incapable of or unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy *infertile couples*
117
infest
[in'fest] vt. 骚扰；寄生于；大批出没；大批滋生
vt.1 : to spread or swarm in or over in a troublesome manner *a slum infested with crime* *shark-infested waters*
2 : to live in or on as a parasite
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infiltrate
['infiltreit, in'fil-] vt. 使潜入；使渗入，使浸润
vi. 渗入
n. 渗透物
Transitive verb
1 : to cause (as a liquid) to permeate something by penetrating its pores or interstices
2 : to pass into or through (a substance) by filtering or permeating
3 : to pass (troops) singly or in small groups through gaps in the enemy line
4 : to enter or become established in gradually or unobtrusively usually for subversive purposes *the intelligence staff had been infiltrated by spies*
intransitive verb : to enter, permeate, or pass through a substance or area by filtering or by insinuating gradually
119
infinitesimal
[,infini'tesiməl] adj. 无穷小的；无限小的；极小的
n. 无限小；极微量；极小量
n.: an infinitesimal quantity or variable
Adj.1 : taking on values arbitrarily close to but greater than zero
2 : immeasurably or incalculably small *an infinitesimal difference*
120
infirm
[in'fə:m] adj. 衰弱的；意志薄弱的；不坚固的
Adj.1 : of poor or deteriorated vitality; especially : feeble from age
2 : weak of mind, will, or character : IRRESOLUTE, VACILLATING
3 : not solid or stable : INSECURE
synonyms see WEAK
121
inflame
[in'fleim] vt. 激怒；使燃烧；使发炎
vi. 燃烧；发炎；激动
Transitive verb
1 a : to excite to excessive or uncontrollable action or feeling; especially : to make angry b : to make more heated or violent : INTENSIFY *insults served only to inflame the feud*
2 : to set on fire : KINDLE
3 : to cause to redden or grow hot from anger or excitement *a face inflamed with passion*
4 : to cause inflammation in (bodily tissue)
intransitive verb
1 : to burst into flame
2 : to become excited or angered
3 : to become affected with inflammation
122
inflate
transitive verb
1 : to swell or distend with air or gas *inflate a tire*
2 : to puff up : ELATE *inflate one's ego*
3 : to expand or increase abnormally or imprudently
intransitive verb : to become inflated
synonyms see EXPAND
123
inflexible
[in'fleksəbl] adj. 顽固的；不可弯曲的；不屈挠的；不能转变的
Adj.1 : rigidly firm in will or purpose : UNYIELDING
2 : not readily bent : lacking or deficient in suppleness
3 : incapable of change : UNALTERABLE
124
inflict
[in'flikt] vt. 造成；使遭受（损伤、痛苦等）；给予（打击等）
vt.1 : AFFLICT
2 a : to give by or as if by striking *inflict pain* b : to cause (something unpleasant) to be endured *inflict my annual message upon the church — Mark Twain*
125
influence
['influəns] n. 影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事
vt. 影响；改变
n.1 a : an ethereal fluid held to flow from the stars and to affect the actions of humans b : an emanation of occult power held to derive from stars
2 : an emanation of spiritual or moral force
3 a : the act or power of producing an effect without apparent exertion of force or direct exercise of command b : corrupt interference with authority for personal gain
4 : the power or capacity of causing an effect in indirect or intangible ways : SWAY
5 : one that exerts influence
vt.1 : to affect or alter by indirect or intangible means : SWAY
2 : to have an effect on the condition or development of : MODIFY
synonyms see AFFECT
126
influential
[,influ'enʃəl] adj. 有影响的；有势力的
Adj.: exerting or possessing influence
n.: one who has great influence
127
inform
[in'fɔ:m] vt. 通知；告诉；报告
vi. 告发；告密
Transitive verb
1 obsolete : to give material form to
2 a : to give character or essence to *the principles which inform modern teaching* b : to be the characteristic quality of : ANIMATE *the compassion that informs her work*
3 obsolete : GUIDE, DIRECT
4 obsolete : to make known
5 : to communicate knowledge to *inform a prisoner of his rights*
intransitive verb
1 : to impart information or knowledge
2 : to give information (as of another's wrongdoing) to an authority *informed on a member of his own gang*
synonyms INFORM, ACQUAINT, APPRISE, NOTIFY mean to make one aware of something. INFORM implies the imparting of knowledge especially of facts or occurrences *informed us of the crisis*. ACQUAINT lays stress on introducing to or familiarizing with *acquaint yourself with the keyboard*. APPRISE implies communicating something of special interest or importance *keep us apprised of the situation*. NOTIFY implies sending notice of something requiring attention or demanding action *notified the witness when to appear*.
128
informal
[in'fɔ:məl] adj. 非正式的；不拘礼节的；通俗的；日常使用的
Adj.1 : marked by the absence of formality or ceremony *an informal meeting* *an informal group*
2 : characteristic of or appropriate to ordinary, casual, or familiar use *informal English* *informal clothes*
129
informality
[,infɔ:'mæləti] n. 非正式；不拘礼节
| Noun
130
informative
[in'fɔ:mətiv] adj. 教育性的，有益的；情报的；见闻广博的
| Adj.: imparting knowledge : INSTRUCTIVE
131
infrared
[,infrə'red] n. 红外线
adj. 红外线的
Adj.1 : situated outside the visible spectrum at its red end — used of radiation having a wavelength between about 700 nanometers and 1 millimeter
2 : relating to, producing, or employing infrared radiation *infrared therapy*
3 : sensitive to infrared radiation *infrared sensors that detect body heat*
–infrared noun
132
infrequently
[in'fri:kwəntli] adv. 很少发生地；稀少地
Adj.1 : seldom happening or occurring : RARE
2 : placed or occurring at wide intervals in space or time *a slope scattered with infrequent pines* *infrequent visits*
133
infuriate
[in'fjuərieit] vt. 激怒；使大怒
adj. 狂怒的
vt. : to make furious
134
infuse
[in'fju:z] vt. 灌输；使充满；浸渍
vi. （茶叶、草药等）被泡
vt.1 a : to cause to be permeated with something (as a principle or quality) that alters usually for the better *infuse the team with confidence* b : INTRODUCE, INSINUATE *a new spirit was infused into American art — American Guide Series: New York*
2 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE *the sense of purpose that infuses scientific research*
3 : to steep in liquid (as water) without boiling so as to extract the soluble constituents or principles
4 : to administer or inject by infusion *stem cells were infuseed into the patient*
135
ingenious
[in'dʒi:njəs] adj. 有独创性的；机灵的，精制的；心灵手巧的
Adj.1 obsolete : showing or calling for intelligence, aptitude, or discernment
2 : marked by especial aptitude at discovering, inventing, or contriving
3 : marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness in conception or execution *an ingenious contraption*
synonyms see CLEVER
136
ingeniousness
[in'dʒinjəsnis] n. 机敏（精巧；精致；有创造才能）
| n.
137
ingenuity
[,indʒi'nju:əti] n. 心灵手巧，独创性；精巧；精巧的装置
n.1 obsolete : CANDOR, INGENUOUSNESS
2 a : skill or cleverness in devising or combining : INVENTIVENESS b : cleverness or aptness of design or contrivance
3 : an ingenious device or contrivance
138
ingenuous
```
[in'dʒenjuəs] adj. 天真的；坦白的；正直的；朴实的
Adj.obsolete : INGENIOUS
Adj.1 obsolete : NOBLE, HONORABLE
2 a : showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness *her ingenuous thirst for experience — Christopher Rawson* b : lacking craft or subtlety *ingenuous in their brutality*
synonyms see NATURAL
```
139
ingenuously
[in'dʒenjuəsli] adv. 率直地；正直地
| Adv.
140
ingest
[in'dʒest] vt. 摄取；咽下；吸收；接待
| vt.: to take in for or as if for digestion
141
ingrain
```
[,in'ɡrein] vt. 使…根深蒂固；就…原料染色；生染
n. 固有品质；原纱染色；生染的纤维
adj. 生染的；原纱染色的；根深蒂固的
vt. : to work indelibly into the natural texture or mental or moral constitution
synonyms see INFUSE
1 a : made of fiber that is dyed before being spun into yarn b : made of yarn that is dyed before being woven or knitted
2 : thoroughly worked in : INNATE
n.: innate quality or character
```
142
ingrained
[,in'ɡreind] adj. 根深蒂固的；彻头彻尾的；生染的
v. 使根深蒂固（ingrain的过去分词形式）；生染；就原料染色
Adj.1 : worked into the grain or fiber
2 : forming a part of the essence or inmost being : DEEP-SEATED *ingrained prejudice*
143
ingrate
['inɡreit, in'ɡreit] adj. 忘恩的；不知恩的
n. 忘恩负义的人
n. : an ungrateful person
