L21 Flashcards

(150 cards)

2
Q

transitional

A

[træn’ziʃənəl] adj. 变迁的;过渡期的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or characterized by transition at this transitional point of its nightly roll into darkness?Thomas Hardy the Sudan is transitional between the hot desert T and the tropical rainy lands?D.D.Crary transitional between gothic and roman?J.C.Tarr this transitional stage has become terminal in some races?Weston La Barre an effective transitional passage T which leads to the entry of the second subject?Dyneley Hussey
2 usually capitalized a : MESOLITHIC b : of or relating to Maya culture of the period A.D. 900*987 and overlapping and following the final stages of the Old Empire period

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3
Q

transitoriness

A

[‘trænzitərinis] n. 短暂,暂时
Noun.: the quality or state of being transitory the sense of the impermanence of things, the transitoriness of life?Laurence Binyon

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4
Q

transitory

A

[‘trænsitəri, -zi-, ‘trɑ:n-] adj. 短暂的,暂时的;瞬息的
Adj.1 : tending to pass away : not persistent
2 : of brief duration : TEMPORARY the transitory nature of earthly joy
synonyms see TRANSIENT

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5
Q

translucent

A

[trænz’lju:sənt, træns-, trɑ:n-] adj. 透明的;半透明的
Adj.1 : permitting the passage of light: a : CLEAR, TRANSPARENT translucent water b : transmitting and diffusing light so that objects beyond cannot be seen clearly
2 : free from disguise or falseness his translucent patriotism ?Newsweek
synonyms see CLEAR

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6
Q

transmit

A

[trænz’mit, træns-, trɑ:n-] vt. 传输;传播;发射;传达;遗传
vi. 传输;发射信号
Transitive verb
1 a : to send or convey from one person or place to another : FORWARD b : to cause or allow to spread: as (1) : to convey by or as if by inheritance or heredity : HAND DOWN (2) : to convey (infection) abroad or to another
2 a (1) : to cause (as light or force) to pass or be conveyed through space or a medium (2) : to admit the passage of : CONDUCT glass transmits light b : to send out (a signal) either by radio waves or over a wire
intransitive verb : to send out a signal either by radio waves or over a wire

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7
Q

transmute

A

[trænz’mju:t, træns-, tra:n-] vt. 使变形;使变质
vi. 变形;变质
Transitive verb
1 : to change or alter in form, appearance, or nature and especially to a higher form
2 : to subject (as an element) to transmutation
intransitive verb : to undergo transmutation
synonyms see TRANSFORM

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8
Q

trauma

A

[‘trɔ:mə; ‘trau-] n. 创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤
Noun.1 a : an injury (as a wound) to living tissue caused by an extrinsic agent b : a disordered psychic or behavioral state resulting from severe mental or emotional stress or physical injury c : an emotional upset the personal trauma of an executive who is not living up to his own expectations ?Karen W. Arenson
2 : an agent, force, or mechanism that causes trauma

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9
Q

treacherous

A

[‘tretʃərəs] adj. 奸诈的,叛逆的,背叛的;危险的;不牢靠的
Adj.1 : characterized by or manifesting treachery : PERFIDIOUS
2 a : likely to betray trust : UNRELIABLE a treacherous memory b : providing insecure footing or support treacherous quicksand c : marked by hidden dangers, hazards, or perils
synonyms see FAITHLESS

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10
Q

tread

A

[tred] n. 踏;胎面;步态;鞋底;踏板;梯级
vt. 踏;踩;践踏;跳;踩出
vi. 踏;踩;行走;交尾
Transitive verb
1 a : to step or walk on or over b : to walk or proceed along : FOLLOW treading a fine line between tradition and innovation
2 a : to beat or press with the feet : TRAMPLE b : to subdue or repress as if by trampling : CRUSH
3 : to copulate with ? used of a male bird
4 a : to form by treading : BEAT tread a path b : to execute by stepping or dancing tread a measure
intransitive verb
1 : to move or proceed on or as if on foot must tread lightly
2 a : to set foot has gone where others fear to tread b : to put one’s foot : STEP carelessly treading on the flowers
3 : COPULATE
Noun.1 : a mark (as a footprint or the imprint of a tire) made by or as if by treading
2 a (1) : the action of treading (2) : an act or instance of treading : STEP b : manner of stepping c : the sound of treading
3 a : the part of a shoe or boot sole that touches the ground; also : the pattern on the bottom of a sole b (1) : the part of a wheel or tire that makes contact with a road or rail (2) : the pattern of ridges or grooves made or cut in the face of a tire
4 : the distance between the points of contact with the ground of the two front wheels or the two rear wheels of a vehicle
5 a : the upper horizontal part of a step b : the width of such a tread

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11
Q

treatise

A

[‘tri:tiz, -tis] n. 论述;论文;专著
Noun.1 : a systematic exposition or argument in writing including a methodical discussion of the facts and principles involved and conclusions reached a treatise on higher education
2 obsolete : ACCOUNT, TALE

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12
Q

trenchant

A

[‘trentʃənt] adj. 尖刻的;锐利的;苛刻的;锋利的(名词trenchancy,副词trenchantly)
Adj.1 : KEEN, SHARP
2 : vigorously effective and articulate a trenchant analysis; also : CAUSTIC trenchant remarks
3 a : sharply perceptive : PENETRATING a trenchant view of current conditions b : CLEAR-CUT, DISTINCT the trenchant divisions between right and wrong ?Edith Wharton

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13
Q

trend

A

[trend] n. 趋势,倾向;走向
vi. 趋向,伸向
vt. 使…趋向
Intransitive verb.1 a : to extend in a general direction : follow a general course mountain ranges trending north and south b : to veer in a new direction : BEND a coastline that trends westward
2 a : to show a tendency : INCLINE prices trending upward b : to become deflected : SHIFT opinions trending toward conservatism
Noun.1 : a line of general direction or movement the trend of the coast turned toward the west
2 a : a prevailing tendency or inclination : DRIFT current trends in education b : a general movement : SWING the trend toward suburban living c : a current style or preference : VOGUE new fashion trends d : a line of development : APPROACH
3 : the general movement over time of a statistically detectable change; also : a statistical curve reflecting such a change
synonyms see TENDENCY

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14
Q

trendsetter

A

[‘trendsetə] n. 领导流行的人

Noun. : one that sets a trend

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15
Q

trepidation

A

[,trepideiʃən] n. 恐惧;惊恐;忧虑;颤抖
Noun.1 archaic : a tremulous motion : TREMOR
2 : timorous uncertain agitation : APPREHENSION trepidation about starting a new job
synonyms see FEAR

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16
Q

trespass

A

[‘trespəs, -pæs] vi. 侵入;犯罪;打扰;冒犯
n. 罪过;非法侵入;过失;擅自进入
Noun.1 a : a violation of moral or social ethics : TRANSGRESSION; especially : SIN b : an unwarranted infringement
2 a : an unlawful act committed on the person, property, or rights of another; especially : a wrongful entry on real property b : the legal action for injuries resulting from trespass
intransitive verb
1 a : ERR, SIN b : to make an unwarranted or uninvited incursion
2 : to commit a trespass; especially : to enter unlawfully upon the land of another
transitive verb : VIOLATE trespass the bounds of good taste

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17
Q

tribal

A

[‘traibəl] adj. 部落的;种族的
Adj. : of, relating to, or characteristic of a tribe tribal customs
Noun.: a member of an aboriginal people of India ? usually used in plural

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18
Q

tribulation

A

[,tribju’leiʃən] n. 苦难;磨难;忧患
Noun. : distress or suffering resulting from oppression or persecution; also : a trying experience the trials and tribulations of starting a new business

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19
Q

tributary

A

[‘tribjutəri] adj. 纳贡的;附属的;辅助的
n. 支流;进贡国;附属国
Adj.1 : paying tribute to another to acknowledge submission, to obtain protection, or to purchase peace : SUBJECT
2 : paid or owed as tribute tributary gifts
3 : channeling material or supplies into something more inclusive : CONTRIBUTORY
Noun.1 : a ruler or state that pays tribute to a conqueror
2 : a stream feeding a larger stream or a lake

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20
Q

trickle

A

[‘trikl] vi. 滴;细细地流;慢慢地移动
vt. 使…滴;使…淌;使…细细地流
n. 滴,淌;细流
Intransitive verb.1 a : to issue or fall in drops b : to flow in a thin gentle stream
2 a : to move or go one by one or little by little customers began to trickle in b : to dissipate slowly his enthusiasm trickled away
Noun.: a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movement

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21
Q

tricky

A

[‘triki] adj. 狡猾的;机警的
Adj.1 : inclined to or marked by trickery
2 a : giving a deceptive impression of easiness, simplicity, or order : TICKLISH a tricky path through the swamp b : TRICK 3
3 : requiring skill, knack, or caution (as in doing or handling) : DIFFICULT a tricky problem; also : INGENIOUS a tricky rhythm
synonyms see SLY

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22
Q

trigger

A

[‘triɡə] vt. 引发,引起;触发
vi. 松开扳柄
n. 扳机;触发器;制滑机
Noun.1 a : a piece (as a lever) connected with a catch or detent as a means of releasing it; especially : the part of the action moved by the finger to fire a gun b : a similar movable part by which a mechanism is actuated trigger of a spray gun
2 : something that acts like a mechanical trigger in initiating a process or reaction
transitive verb
1 a : to release or activate by means of a trigger; especially : to fire by pulling a mechanical trigger trigger a rifle b : to cause the explosion of trigger a missile with a proximity fuse
2 : to initiate, actuate, or set off by a trigger an indiscreet remark that triggered a fight a stimulus that triggered a reflex
intransitive verb : to release a mechanical trigger

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23
Q

trilogy

A

[‘trilədʒi] n. 三部曲;三部剧
Noun.: a series of three dramas or literary works or sometimes three musical compositions that are closely related and develop a single theme

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24
Q

trite

A

[trait] adj. 陈腐的;平庸的;老一套的

Adj.: hackneyed or boring from much use : not fresh or original

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25
Q

triumph

A

[‘traiəmf, -ʌmf] n. 胜利,凯旋;欢欣
vi. 获得胜利,成功
Noun.1 : a ceremony attending the entering of Rome by a general who had won a decisive victory over a foreign enemy ? compare OVATION 1
2 : the joy or exultation of victory or success
3 a : a victory or conquest by or as if by military force b : a notable success the party was a triumph
Intransitive verb.1 : to obtain victory : PREVAIL
2 a : to receive the honor of a triumph b : to celebrate victory or success boastfully or exultingly

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26
trivial
['triviəl] adj. 不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的 Adj.1 : COMMONPLACE, ORDINARY 2 a : of little worth or importance *a trivial objection* *trivial problems* b : relating to or being the mathematically simplest case; specifically : characterized by having all variables equal to zero *a trivial solution to a linear equation* 3 : SPECIFIC 4
27
truce
[tru:s] n. 停战;休战;休战协定 vt. 以休战结束;停止争执 vi. 停战 Noun.1 : a suspension of fighting especially of considerable duration by agreement of opposing forces : ARMISTICE, CEASE-FIRE 2 : a respite especially from a disagreeable or painful state or action intransitive verb : to make a truce transitive verb : to end with a truce
28
truculence
['trʌkjuləns, 'tru:-] n. 野蛮;好战;刻薄;致命性(等于truculency) | Noun.: the quality or state of being truculent
29
truculent
['trʌkjulənt, 'tru:-] adj. 好斗的;野蛮的;言词刻毒的 Adj.1 : feeling or displaying ferocity : CRUEL, SAVAGE 2 : DEADLY, DESTRUCTIVE 3 : scathingly harsh : VITRIOLIC *truculent criticism* 4 : aggressively self-assertive : BELLIGERENT
30
truncate
['trʌŋkeit, trʌŋ'keit, 'trʌŋk-] adj. 截短的;被删节的 vt. 把…截短;缩短;[物]使成平面 Adj.: having the end square or even *truncate leaves* vt.1 : to shorten by or as if by cutting off 2 : to replace (an edge or corner of a crystal) by a plane
31
trustworthy
['trʌst,wə:ði] adj. 可靠的;可信赖的 | Adj. : worthy of confidence : DEPENDABLE *a trustworthy guide* *trustworthy information*
32
turbulent
['tə:bjulənt] adj. 骚乱的,混乱的;狂暴的;吵闹的 Adj. : causing unrest, violence, or disturbance *a set of mischievous, turbulent rebels ?Anne Br*nte* 2 a : characterized by agitation or tumult : TEMPESTUOUS *a turbulent marriage* b : exhibiting physical turbulence *turbulent air*
33
turmoil
['tə:mɔil] n. 混乱,骚动 | Noun.: a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or commotion
34
tussle
['tʌsl] vi. 打斗;扭打;剧烈的斗争 n. 争斗,扭打 Noun.1 : a physical contest or struggle : SCUFFLE 2 : an intense argument, controversy, or struggle Intransitive verb. : to struggle roughly : SCUFFLE
35
typify
['tipifai] vt. 代表;作为…的典型;具有…的特点 vt.1 : to represent in typical fashion : to constitute a typical mark or instance of *realismTthat typified his earlier work ?Current Biography* 2 : to embody the essential or salient characteristics of : be the type of
36
typographical
['taipə'græfikəl] adj. 印刷上的;排字上的
37
tyrannical
[ti'rænikəl, tai-] adj. 残暴的;暴君的;专横的 | Adj.: being or characteristic of a tyrant or tyranny : DESPOTIC *tyrannical rule* *a tyrannical ruler*
38
tyrant
['tairənt] n. 暴君 Noun.1 a : an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or constitution b : a usurper of sovereignty 2 a : a ruler who exercises absolute power oppressively or brutally b : one resembling an oppressive ruler in the harsh use of authority or power
39
ubiquitous
[ju:'bikwitəs] adj. 普遍存在的;无所不在的 | Adj.: existing or being everywhere at the same time : constantly encountered : WIDESPREAD *a ubiquitous fashion*
40
ulterior
[ʌl'tɪərɪə] adj. 将来的,较远的;在那边的;隐秘不明的 Adj.1 a : FURTHER, FUTURE b : more distant : REMOTER c : situated on the farther side : THITHER 2 : going beyond what is openly said or shown and especially what is proper *ulterior motives*
41
ultimate
['ʌltimət] adj. 最终的;极限的;根本的 n. 终极;根本;基本原则 Adj.1 a : most remote in space or time : FARTHEST b : last in a progression or series : FINAL *their ultimate destination was Paris* c : EVENTUAL 2 *they hoped for ultimate success* d : the best or most extreme of its kind : UTMOST *the ultimate sacrifice* 2 : arrived at as the last result *the ultimate question* 3 a : BASIC, FUNDAMENTAL *the ultimate nature of things ?A. N. Whitehead* b : ORIGINAL 1 *the ultimate source* c : incapable of further analysis, division, or separation 4 : MAXIMUM 1 synonyms see LAST Noun.1 : something ultimate; especially : FUNDAMENTAL 2 : ACME Verb. : END
42
ultimately
['ʌltimətli] adv. 最后;根本;基本上 Adv.1 : in the end : FUNDAMENTALLY *the word comes ultimately from Latin* 2 : EVENTUALLY *ultimately, they agreed*
43
ultimatum
[ʌltɪ'meɪtəm] n. 最后通牒;最后结论;基本原理 Noun.: a final proposition, condition, or demand; especially : one whose rejection will end negotiations and cause a resort to force or other direct action
44
ultrasonic
[,ʌltrə'sɔnik] adj. 超声的;超音速的 n. 超声波 Adj.1 : having a frequency above the human ear's audibility limit of about 20,000 hertz ? used of waves and vibrations 2 : utilizing, produced by, or relating to ultrasonic waves or vibrations *ultrasonic testing of metal*
45
umbrage
['ʌmbridʒ] n. 不快,生气;树荫;怀疑 Noun.1 : SHADE, SHADOW 2 : shady branches : FOLIAGE 3 a : an indistinct indication : vague suggestion : HINT b : a reason for doubt : SUSPICION 4 : a feeling of pique or resentment at some often fancied slight or insult *took umbrage at the speaker's remarks* synonyms see OFFENSE
46
unadorned
[ʌnə'dɔːnd] adj. 朴素的;未装饰的 | Adj. : not adorned : lacking embellishment or decoration : PLAIN, SIMPLE
47
unaesthetic
[,ʌni:s'θetik] adj. 无美感的;缺乏美感的 | Adj.: inaesthetic
48
unalterable
[ʌn'ɔ:ltərəbl] adj. 不能改变的;坚定不移的 | Adj. : not capable of being altered or changed *an unalterable resolve* *unalterable hatred*
49
unarticulated
Adj.表达不清的,说不清 | Adj. : not articulated; especially : not carefully reasoned or analyzed
50
unavoidable
[,ʌnə'vɔidəbl] adj. 不可避免的;不能废除的 | Adj. : not avoidable : INEVITABLE *the accident was unavoidable*
51
unbecoming
[,ʌnbi'kʌmiŋ] adj. 不适当的,不相称的;不合身的,不得体的 Adj. : not becoming *an unbecoming dress*; especially : not according with the standards appropriate to one's position or condition of life *unbecoming conduct* synonyms see INDECOROUS
52
unbiased
[,ʌn'baiəst] adj. 公正的;无偏见的 Adj.1 : free from bias; especially : free from all prejudice and favoritism : eminently fair *an unbiased opinion* 2 : having an expected value equal to a population parameter being estimated *an unbiased estimate of the population mean* synonyms see FAIR
53
unbridgeable
['ʌn'bridʒəbl] adj. 不能架桥的;不能逾越的 Adj. not bridgeable *an unbridgeable stream* *the unbridgeable gap between the experiences and attitudes of frontline soldiers and of the civilians back home?R.G.Davis*
54
unbridled
[ʌn'braɪd(ə)ld] adj. 放肆的;无拘束的;激烈的 v. 放纵(unbridle的过去分词形式);卸下马辔头 Adj.1 : UNRESTRAINED *unbridled enthusiasm* 2 : not confined by a bridle
55
unbroken
[,ʌn'brəukən] adj. 未破损的,完整的;继续的;未被阻断的 Adj.: not broken: as a : not violated b : WHOLE, INTACT c : not subdued : UNTAMED; especially : not trained for service or use *unbroken colts* d : CONTINUOUS *miles of unbroken forest* e : not plowed f : not disorganized *advanced in unbroken ranks*
56
uncanny
[,ʌn'kæni] adj. 神秘的;离奇的;可怕的 Adj.1 a : seeming to have a supernatural character or origin : EERIE, MYSTERIOUS b : being beyond what is normal or expected : suggesting superhuman or supernatural powers *an uncanny sense of direction* 2 chiefly Scottish : SEVERE, PUNISHING synonyms see WEIRD
57
uncharitable
[,ʌn'tʃæritəbl] adj. 严厉的;无情的;不宽恕的;无慈悲心的 | Adj. : lacking in charity : severe in judging : HARSH *uncharitable comments*
58
uncharted
[,ʌn'tʃɑ:tid] adj. 未知的;图上未标明的 Adj. : not recorded or plotted on a map, chart, or plan *an uncharted island*; broadly : UNKNOWN *a discussion moving into uncharted territory*
59
uncommitted
[,ʌnkə'mitid] adj. 不受约束的;(犯罪)未遂的;未被监禁的;自由的;不负义务的 | Adj.: not committed; specifically : not pledged to a particular belief, allegiance, or program *uncommitted voters*
60
uncommunicative
[,ʌnkə'mju:nikətiv] adj. 沉默寡言的,拘礼的 | Adj. : not disposed to talk or impart information : RESERVED
61
uncompromising
[ʌn'kɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ] adj. 不妥协的,不让步的;坚定的 | Adj.: not making or accepting a compromise : making no concessions : INFLEXIBLE, UNYIELDING
62
unconfirmed
['ʌnkən'fə:md] adj. 未证实的;未最后认可的;[宗]未受坚信礼的 Adj.1 obsolete : not instructed : IGNORANT 2 : not finally established or authorized : not settled : TENTATIVE *an unconfirmed letter of credit* 3 : not corroborated or supported by evidence *unconfirmed rumors*
63
unconscious
[,ʌn'kɔnʃəs] adj. 无意识的;失去知觉的;不省人事的;未发觉的 Adj.1 a : not knowing or perceiving : not aware b : free from self-awareness 2 a : not possessing mind or consciousness *unconscious matter* b (1) : not marked by conscious thought, sensation, or feeling *unconscious motivation* (2) : of or relating to the unconscious c : having lost consciousness *was unconscious for three days* 3 : not consciously held or deliberately planned or carried out *an unconscious bias* Noun. : the part of mental life that does not ordinarily enter the individual's awareness yet may influence behavior and perception or be revealed (as in slips of the tongue or in dreams)
64
uncontroversial
[ʌn,kantrə'və:ʃəl;] adj. 非争论性的;不会引起争论的
65
unconvinced
['ʌnkən'vinst] adj. 不信服的;怀疑的 | Adj.: not convinced : DUBIOUS *admitted the force of the argument but remained unconvinced*
66
unctuous
['ʌŋktjuəs] adj. 油质的;虚情假意的;油腔滑调的 Adj.1 a : FATTY, OILY b : smooth and greasy in texture or appearance 2 : PLASTIC *fine unctuous clay* 3 : full of unction; especially : revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false earnestness or spirituality
67
undecipherable
['ʌndi'saifərəbl] adj. 难辨认的;破译不出的 Adj. not capable of being deciphered *scratched with marks which were long undecipherable?Charlton Laird* *looked at him with a face which was quite undecipherable?G.K.Chesterton*
68
undemanding
['ʌndi'ma:ndiŋ] adj. 要求不高的;容易的;不严格的 | Adj. : not demanding : not exacting *simple, undemanding affection*
69
undemonstrable
[,ʌndi'mɔnstrəbl] adj. 无法证明的,难以证明的;无法表明的 | Adj.: INDEMONSTRABLE
70
undercut
['ʌndəkʌt] vt. 廉价出售;较便宜的工资工作;从下边削球 vi. 底切 n. 底切;牛腰部下侧嫩肉;砍口;切球 Transitive verb 1 : to cut away the underpart of *undercut a vein of ore* 2 : to cut away material from the underside of (an object) so as to leave an overhanging portion in relief 3 : to offer to sell at lower prices than or to work for lower wages than (a competitor) 4 : to cut obliquely into (a tree) below the main cut and on the side toward which the tree will fall 5 : to strike (a ball) with a downward glancing blow so as to give a backspin or elevation to the shot 6 : to undermine or destroy the force, value, or effectiveness of *inflation undercuts consumer buying power* intransitive verb : to perform the action of cutting away beneath Noun.1 British : TENDERLOIN 1 2 : the action or result of cutting away from the underside or lower part of something 3 : a notch cut in the base of a tree before felling to determine the direction of falling and to prevent splitting
71
underdeveloped
[ʌndədɪ'veləpt] adj. 不发达的 Adj.1 : not normally or adequately developed *underdeveloped muscles* *underdeveloped film* 2 : having a relatively low economic level of industrial production and standard of living (as from lack of capital) *underdeveloped nations*
72
underestimate
[,ʌndə'estimeit] vt. 低估;看轻 n. 低估 vt.1 : to estimate as being less than the actual size, quantity, or number 2 : to place too low a value on : UNDERRATE
73
underestimated
Adj.低估的
74
underground
['ʌndəɡraund] adv. 在地下;秘密地 adj. 地下的;秘密的;先锋派的 n. 地下;地铁;地道;地下组织;秘密活动;先锋派团体 Adv.1 : beneath the surface of the earth 2 : in or into hiding or secret operation Noun.1 : a subterranean space or channel 2 : an underground city railway system 3 a : a movement or group organized in strict secrecy among citizens especially in an occupied country for maintaining communications, popular solidarity, and concerted resistive action pending liberation b : a clandestine conspiratorial organization set up for revolutionary or other disruptive purposes especially against a civil order c : an unofficial, unsanctioned, or illegal but informal movement or group; especially : a usually avant-garde group or movement that functions outside the establishment Adj.1 : being, growing, operating, or situated below the surface of the ground 2 : conducted by secret means 3 a : existing outside the establishment *an underground literary reputation* b : existing outside the purview of tax collectors or statisticians *the underground economy* 4 a : produced or published outside the establishment especially by the avant-garde *underground movies* *underground newspapers* b : of or relating to the avant-garde underground *an underground moviemaker* *an underground theater*
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underhanded
['ʌndə'hændid] adj. 卑劣的;秘密的;人手不足的 Adv. : UNDERHAND Adj.: marked by secrecy, chicanery, and deception : not honest and aboveboard : SLY *an underhanded attempt to gain power* synonyms see SECRET
76
underlie
[,ʌndə'lai] vt. 成为……的基础;位于……之下 vt.1 archaic : to be subject or amenable to 2 : to lie or be situated under 3 : to be at the basis of : form the foundation of : SUPPORT *ideas underlying the revolution* 4 : to exist as a claim or security superior and prior to (another)
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undermine
[,ʌndə'main] vt. 破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基 vt.1 : to excavate the earth beneath : form a mine under : SAP 2 : to wash away supporting material from under 3 : to subvert or weaken insidiously or secretly *trying to undermine his political rivals* 4 : to weaken or ruin by degrees synonyms see WEAKEN
78
underplay
[,ʌndə'plei] vt. 表演不充分;对...轻描淡写;扣着大牌不出而出小牌 n. 不充分的表演;秘密行动 vi. 表演角色不充分 Intransitive verb : to play a role with subdued force transitive verb 1 : to act or present (as a role or a scene) with restraint : PLAY DOWN 2 : to play a card lower than (a held high card)
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underrate
[,ʌndə'reit] vt. 低估;看轻 | vt.: to rate too low : UNDERVALUE
80
underrepresented
['ʌndə,repri'zentid] adj. 代表名额不足的;未被充分代表的 | Adj.: inadequately represented
81
underscore
[,ʌndə'skɔ:, 'ʌndəskɔ:] vt. 强调;划线于…下 n. 底线,下划线 vt.1 : to draw a line under : UNDERLINE 2 : to make evident : EMPHASIZE, STRESS *arrived early to underscore the importance of the occasion* 3 : to provide (action on film) with accompanying music Noun.1 : a line drawn under a word or line especially for emphasis or to indicate intent to italicize 2 : music accompanying the action and dialogue of a film
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understate
[,ʌndə'steit] vt. 少说,少报;保守地说;有意轻描淡写 vi. 保守地说;有意轻描淡写 vt.1 : to represent as less than is the case *understate taxable income* 2 : to state or present with restraint especially for effect
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understated
[,ʌndə'steitid] adj. 低调的;朴素的;轻描淡写的;不夸张的 | Adj.: avoiding obvious emphasis or embellishment *a powerful understated performance*
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undertake
[,ʌndə'teik] vt. 承担,保证;从事;同意;试图 Transitive verb 1 : to take upon oneself : set about : ATTEMPT *undertake a task* *undertake to learn to swim* 2 : to put oneself under obligation to perform; also : to accept as a charge or responsibility *the lawyer who undertook the case* 3 : GUARANTEE, PROMISE *readily undertook that the letter should be securely conveyed ?Sir Walter Scott* intransitive verb , archaic : to give surety or assume responsibility
85
underutilized
[,ʌndə'ju:tilaizd] vt. 未充分使用(underutilize过去式)
86
underwater
``` ['ʌndə'wɔ:tə] adj. 在水中的;水面下的 adv. 在水下 n. 水下 Adj.1 : lying, growing, worn, performed, or operating below the surface of the water *underwater plants* 2 : being below the waterline of a ship ```
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undeserving
[,ʌndi'zə:viŋ] adj. 不值得…的;不配受到的 | Adj.: not deserving *undeserving of forgiveness*
88
undesirable
[,ʌndi'zaiərəbl] adj. 不良的;不受欢迎的;不合需要的 n. 不良分子;不受欢迎的人 Adj. : not desirable : UNWANTED *undesirable side effects* Noun.: one that is undesirable
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undifferentiated
[,ʌndifə'renʃieitid] adj. 无差别的;一致的 | Adj. : not differentiated : UNIFORM
90
undirected
[,ʌndi'rektid] adj. 未受指导的;无收件人姓名的 | Adj.: not directed : not planned or guided *undirected efforts*
91
undiscovered
['ʌndis'kʌvəd] adj. 未被发现的;未勘探的 | Adj. : not discovered : HIDDEN, UNEXPLORED
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undistorted
['ʌndis'tɔ:tid] adj. 未失真的;不偏激的;无畸变的 Adj.1 : not distorted : FAITHFUL *undistorted image* *undistorted reproduction of sound* 2 : not extreme : NORMAL *undistorted point of view*
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undisturbed
[ʌndɪ'stɜːbd] adj. 安静的;镇定的;未被扰乱的;泰然自若的 | Adj.: not disturbed
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unearth
[,ʌn'ə:θ] vt. 发掘;揭露,发现;从洞中赶出 vt.1 : to dig up out of or as if out of the earth : EXHUME *unearth treasure* *unearth an old photo album* 2 : to make known or public : bring to light *unearth a scandal* synonyms see DISCOVER
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unecological
adj.非生态的
96
unedited
['ʌn'editid] adj. 未刊行的;未编辑的;未经审查的 | Adj.: not edited: as a : left unrevised b : not yet edited *unedited books* *unedited films*
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unencumbered
['ʌnin'kʌmbəd] adj. 没有阻碍的;没有负担的;不受妨碍的 | Adj.: free of encumbrance
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unenlightened
[ʌnɪn'laɪt(ə)nd; -en-] adj. 落后的;无知的;未受启迪的 Adj.1 archaic : not lighted : not illuminated *a place unenlightened by the cheery rays of the sun* 2 a : not enlightened : IGNORANT, UNINSTRUCTED, UNINFORMED *lamentably unenlightened as to the laws?Helen Martin* b : BACKWARD, BENIGHTED *the devices by which unenlightened men T preserved the unjust social order?C.C.Walcutt*
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unequivocal
[,ʌni'kwivəkəl] adj. 明确的;不含糊的 Adj.1 : leaving no doubt : CLEAR, UNAMBIGUOUS 2 : UNQUESTIONABLE *production of unequivocal masterpieces ?Carole Cook*
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unerringly
[ʌn'ə:riŋli] adv. 无过失地;正确地 Adv.: in an unerring manner: a : INFALLIBLY *believed capable of interpreting the Bible unerringly* b : with precision : ACCURATELY, NEATLY *a play unerringly performed* *caught the traits of his rustic characters unerringly*
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uneven
[,ʌn'i:vən] adj. 不均匀的;不平坦的;奇数的 Adj.1 a archaic : UNEQUAL 1a b : ODD 3a 2 a : not even : not level or smooth : RUGGED, RAGGED *large uneven teeth* *uneven handwriting* b : varying from the straight or parallel c : not uniform : IRREGULAR *uneven combustion* d : varying in quality *an uneven performance* 3 : UNEQUAL 3a *an uneven confrontation* synonyms see ROUGH
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uneventful
[ʌnɪ'ventfʊl; -f(ə)l] adj. 平凡的;平静无事的 | Adj.: marked by no noteworthy or untoward incidents : PLACID *an uneventful weekend*
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unexceptionable
[,ʌnik'sepʃənəbl] adj. 无懈可击的;完美无缺的;极好的 | Adj.: not open to objection or criticism : beyond reproach : UNIMPEACHABLE *unexceptionable integrity*
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unfailing
[,ʌn'feiliŋ] adj. 经久不衰的;可靠的;无穷尽的 Adj.: not failing or liable to fail: a : CONSTANT, UNFLAGGING *unfailing courtesy* b : EVERLASTING, INEXHAUSTIBLE *a subject of unfailing interest* c : INFALLIBLE, SURE *an unfailing test*
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unfeigned
[,ʌn'feind] adj. 真实的,不虚伪的 Adj.: not feigned or hypocritical : GENUINE synonyms see SINCERE
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unfertilized
[ʌn'fɜːtɪlaɪzd] adj. 未施肥的;土地不肥沃的 | Adj.: not fertilized *an unfertilized egg*
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unfettered
['ʌn'fetəd] adj. 无拘无束的;被除去脚镣的 v. 使自由(unfetter的过去分词);解开脚链;释放 Adj.: FREE, UNRESTRAINED *unfettered access*
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unfounded
[,ʌn'faundid] adj. 未建立的;没有理由的;没有事实根据的 | Adj.: lacking a sound basis : GROUNDLESS, UNWARRANTED *an unfounded accusation*
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ungainly
[,ʌn'ɡeinli] adj. 笨拙的;不雅的 adv. 笨拙地;不雅地 adj.1 a : lacking in smoothness or dexterity : CLUMSY *ungainly movements* b : hard to handle : UNWIELDY *an ungainly contraption* 2 : having an awkward appearance *a large ungainly bird*
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ungrateful
[ʌn'greɪtfʊl; -f(ə)l] adj. 忘恩负义的;不领情的;讨厌的;徒劳的 Adj.1 : showing no gratitude : making a poor return *an ungrateful child* 2 : DISAGREEABLE; also : THANKLESS
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unheralded
[ʌn'her(ə)ldɪd] adj. 未事先宣布的;没料到的;未被承认的 Adj.1 : not publicly acclaimed : ANONYMOUS, UNRECOGNIZED *unheralded in his large charities?D.S.Muzzey* *a new and unheralded talent?Eric Newton* 2 : UNEXPECTED, UNFORESEEN *a totally unheralded telegram that his daughter T died last night?M.A.D.Howe*
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unidimensional
[,ju:nidi'menʃənəl] adj. 一维的;线性的 | Adj. : ONE-DIMENSIONAL
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uniform
['ju:nifɔ:m] adj. 统一的;一致的;相同的;均衡的;始终如一的 n. 制服 vt. 使穿制服;使成一样 Adj.1 : having always the same form, manner, or degree : not varying or variable *uniform procedures* 2 : consistent in conduct or opinion *uniform interpretation of laws* 3 : of the same form with others : conforming to one rule or mode : CONSONANT 4 : presenting an unvaried appearance of surface, pattern, or color *uniform red brick houses* 5 : relating to or being convergence of a series whose terms are functions in such manner that the absolute value of the difference between the sum of the first n terms of the series and the sum of all terms can be made arbitrarily small for all values of the domain of the functions by choosing the nth term sufficiently far along in the series vt.1 : to bring into uniformity 2 : to clothe with a uniform Noun. : dress of a distinctive design or fashion worn by members of a particular group and serving as a means of identification; broadly : distinctive or characteristic clothing
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unify
['ju:nifai] vt. 统一;使相同,使一致 | vt.: to make into a unit or a coherent whole : UNITE
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unimpassioned
['ʌnim'pæʃənd] adj. 没有激情的;不动感情的;不感情用事的 Adj. : not impassioned; especially : marked by calm reasonableness and free from purely emotional appeal *an unimpassioned discussion of the problem* synonyms see SOBER
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unimpeachable
[,ʌnim'pi:tʃəbl] adj. 无可指责的;无可怀疑的;无懈可击的;无过失的,无罪的 Adj. : not impeachable: as a : reliable beyond a doubt *unimpeachable evidence* *an unimpeachable source* b : not liable to accusation : IRREPROACHABLE *an unimpeachable reputation*
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unimpressed
[,ʌnim'prest] adj. 无印记的(没有印象的);未受感动的 | Adj.: not impressed: as a : bearing no impress b : not moved to serious regard
118
uninitiated
[ʌnɪ'nɪʃɪeɪtɪd] adj. 不知情的;缺少经验的 | Adj. : not initiated : deficient in relevant experience : INEXPERIENCED, GREEN
119
uninspired
[,ʌnin'spaiəd] adj. 无灵感的;缺乏创见的;平凡的 Adj. : not inspired; especially : deficient in originality of thought and development *uninspired writing* *a perfunctory and uninspired treatment*
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unintelligible
[,ʌnin'telidʒəbl] adj. 莫明其妙的;无法了解的 | Adj. : not intelligible : difficult to comprehend : OBSCURE
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unique
[ju:'ni:k] adj. 独特的,稀罕的;唯一的,独一无二的 n. 独一无二的人或物 Adj.1 : being the only one : SOLE *his unique concern was his own comfort* *I can't walk away with a unique copy. Suppose I lost it? ?Kingsley Amis* *the unique factorization of a number into prime factors* 2 a : being without a like or equal : UNEQUALED *could stare at the flames, each one new, violent, unique ?Robert Coover* b : distinctively characteristic : PECULIAR 1 *this is not a condition unique to California ?Ronald Reagan* 3 : UNUSUAL *a very unique ball-point pen* *we were fairly unique, the sixty of us, in that there wasn't one good mixer in the bunch ?J. D. Salinger* synonyms see STRANGE
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universal
[,ju:ni'və:səl] adj. 普遍的;通用的;宇宙的;全世界的;全体的 n. 一般概念;普通性 Adj.1 : including or covering all or a whole collectively or distributively without limit or exception; especially : available equitably to all members of a society *universal health coverage* 2 a : present or occurring everywhere b : existent or operative everywhere or under all conditions *universal cultural patterns* 3 a : embracing a major part or the greatest portion (as of mankind) *a universal state* *universal practices* b : comprehensively broad and versatile *a universal genius* 4 a : affirming or denying something of all members of a class or of all values of a variable b : denoting every member of a class *a universal term* 5 : adapted or adjustable to meet varied requirements (as of use, shape, or size) *a universal gear cutter* *a universal remote control* Noun.1 : one that is universal: as a : a universal proposition in logic b : a predicable of traditional logic c : a general concept or term or something in reality to which it corresponds : ESSENCE 2 a : a behavior pattern or institution (as the family) existing in all cultures b : a culture trait characteristic of all normal adult members of a particular society
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universality
[,ju:nivə:'sæləti] n. 普遍性;广泛性;一般性;多方面性 Noun.1 : the quality or state of being universal 2 : universal comprehensiveness in range
124
unjustifiable
[ʌn'dʒʌstifaiəbl] adj. 不合道理的;不能分辩的;辩护不了的;不能认为是正当的 | Adj. : not justifiable : lacking in propriety or justice *unjustifiable noise* *an unjustifiable decision*
125
unleash
[,ʌn'li:ʃ] vt. 发动;解开…的皮带;解除…的束缚 vi. 不受约束;自由自在;放荡不羁 vt.1 : to free from or as if from a leash : let loose *unleash the dogs* *unleashing his anger* 2 : to throw, shoot, or set in motion forcefully *unleashed a superb shotTto earn his side a point ?New York Times*
126
unlikely
[,ʌn'laikli] adj. 不太可能的;没希望的 adv. 未必 Adj.1 : not likely : IMPROBABLE *an unlikely outcome* 2 : likely to fail : UNPROMISING
127
unliterary
Adj.不矫揉造作的,不咬文嚼字的 | Adj. : not literary : marked by lack of affectation or pedantry *her talk was very unliterary?W.D.Howells*
128
unmatched
[,ʌn'mætʃt] adj. 无与伦比的;不相配的;无匹敌的 Adj.1 : UNMATCHABLE a *infamy T unmatched in the Western world?H.E.Rieseberg* 2 : not matching *unmatched pieces of dinnerware*
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unmitigated
[ʌn'mɪtɪgeɪtɪd] adj. 全然的;严厉的;未缓和的 Adj.1 : not lessened : UNRELIEVED *sufferings unmitigated by any hope of early relief* 2 : being so definitely what is stated as to offer little chance of change or relief *an unmitigated disaster*
130
unmoved
[,ʌn'mu:vd] adj. 无动于衷的;不动摇的 Adj.1 : not emotionally affected : CALM, INDIFFERENT, UNDISTURBED *had always appeared completely unmoved and imperturbable?Elinor Wylie* 2 : remaining in the same place or position : FIRM *after 10 years of redevelopment, some houses were still unmoved* *could be endured T with an unmoved countenance?W.H.Hudson *1922*
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unnoteworthy
[ʌn'nəut,wə:ði] adj. 不显著的;普通的;不值得注意的 | Adj. : not noteworthy : UNREMARKABLE, COMMONPLACE *the theater season opened with an unnoteworthy comedy*
132
unobstructed
['ʌnəb'strʌktid] adj. 没有障碍的;畅通无阻的 | Adj.: not obstructed : CLEAR, UNHINDERED *an unobstructed view* *unobstructed progress*
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unobtrusive
[,ʌnəb'tru:siv] adj. 不唐突的;谦虚的;不引人注目的 | Adj.: not obtrusive : not blatant, arresting, or aggressive : INCONSPICUOUS
134
unpack
[,ʌn'pæk] vt. 卸下…;解除…的负担 vi. 打开包裹 Transitive verb 1 a : to remove the contents of *unpack a suitcase* b : UNBURDEN, REVEAL *mustTunpack my heart with words ?Shakespeare* 2 : to remove or undo from packing or a container *unpacked his gear* 3 : to analyze the nature of by examining in detail : EXPLICATE *unpack a concept* intransitive verb : to engage in unpacking a container
135
unpalatable
[,ʌn'pælətəbl] adj. 味道差的,难吃的;讨人厌的,使人不快的 Adj.1 : not palatable : DISTASTEFUL *unpalatable wines* 2 : UNPLEASANT, DISAGREEABLE *raising income tax rates is politically unpalatable ?Mary Rowland*
136
unparalleled
[ʌn'pærəleld] adj. 无比的;无双的;空前未有的 | Adj.: having no parallel; especially : having no equal or match : unique in kind or quality
137
unprecedented
[,ʌn'presidəntid] adj. 空前的;无前例的 | Adj.: having no precedent : NOVEL, UNEXAMPLED
138
unpredictable
[,ʌnpri'diktəbl] adj. 不可预知的;不定的;出乎意料的 n. 不可预言的事 Adj.: not predictable : not to be foretold *the uncertainty and hazards of bad weather and other unpredictable factors?H.G.Armstrong* *the very essence of harlequinade to be spontaneous, unpredictable?American Guide Series: California* Noun.: an unpredictable person, thing, or event *the vocation of her husband, his success, and location are unpredictables?L.W.Norris*
139
unpremeditated
[ʌnpriː'medɪteɪtɪd] adj. 无预谋的;偶然的 | Adj. : not premeditated
140
unpretentious
[,ʌnpri'tenʃəs] adj. 谦逊的;含蓄的;不炫耀的;不铺张的 | Adj.: free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation : MODEST *unpretentious homes* *an unpretentious celebrity*
141
unpromising
[,ʌn'prɔmisiŋ] adj. 无前途的,没有希望的 Adj.: appearing unlikely to prove worthwhile or result favorably *an unpromising beginnin [,ʌn'prɔmisiŋ] adj. 无前途的,没有希望的 G*
142
unproven
[ʌn'prʊvən] adj. 未经检验的;未经证明的 | Adj.: not proved *unproved allegations* *unproved assumptions*
143
unqualified
[,ʌn'kwɔlifaid] adj. 不合格的;无资格的;不胜任的 Adj.1 : not fit : not having requisite qualifications 2 : not modified or restricted by reservations : COMPLETE *an unqualified denial*
144
unquestionable
[,ʌn'kwestʃənəbl] adj. 毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的 | Adj.: not questionable : INDISPUTABLE *unquestionable evidence* *unquestionable integrity*
145
unquestioning
[ʌn'kwestʃ(ə)nɪŋ] adj. 不提出疑问的;不犹豫的;盲目的;无异议的;无条件的 Adj. : not questioning : not expressing or marked by doubt or hesitation *unquestioning obedience* *unquestioning loyalty*
146
unreasonable
[,ʌn'ri:zənəbl] adj. 不合理的;过度的;不切实际的;非理智的 Adj.1 a : not governed by or acting according to reason *unreasonable people* b : not conformable to reason : ABSURD *unreasonable beliefs* 2 : exceeding the bounds of reason or moderation *working under unreasonable pressure*
147
unrecognized
['ʌn'rekəgnaizd] adj. 未被承认的;未被认出的;未被认可的 | Adj. : not recognized
148
unregulated
[ʌn'regjuleitid] adj. 未经调节的;未校准的 Adj. : not regulated: as a : DISORDERLY, CHAOTIC *an unregulated mind* b : UNCONTROLLED, UNDISCIPLINED, UNGOVERNED *unregulated traffic*
149
unreliable
[,ʌnri'laiəbl] adj. 不可靠的;靠不住的 | Adj. : not reliable : UNDEPENDABLE, UNTRUSTWORTHY
150
unremitting
[ʌnrɪ'mɪtɪŋ] adj. 不懈的;不间断的;坚忍的 | Adj.: not remitting : CONSTANT, INCESSANT *unremitting pain*
151
unrepresentative
[,ʌn,repri'zentətiv] adj. 非代表性的,不典型的 Adj.1 : not representing an electorate *a parliament which was unrepresentative and corrupt?J.H.Plumb* 2 : not exemplifying a class : ATYPICAL *behavior quite unrepresentative of the profession*