L18 Flashcards
(149 cards)
routine
[ru:’ti:n] n. 程序;日常工作;例行公事
adj. 日常的;例行的
Noun.1 a : a regular course of procedure if resort to legal action becomes a campus routine ?J. A. Perkins b : habitual or mechanical performance of an established procedure the routine of factory work
2 : a reiterated speech or formula the old After you routine ?Ray Russell
3 : a worked-out part (as of an entertainment or sports contest) that may be often repeated a dance routine a gymnastic routine; especially : a theatrical number
4 : a sequence of computer instructions for performing a particular task
Adj.1 : of a commonplace or repetitious character : ORDINARY routine problems
2 : of, relating to, or being in accordance with established procedure routine business
rowdy
[‘raudi] adj. 吵闹的;粗暴的
n. 粗暴的人;好吵闹的人
Adj.: coarse or boisterous in behavior : ROUGH; also : characterized by such behavior rowdy local bars
Noun.: a rowdy person : TOUGH
rubbery
[‘rʌbəri] adj. 橡胶似的;有弹力的;坚韧的
Adj. : resembling rubber (as in elasticity, consistency, or texture) rubbery legs rubbery cheese
rudimentary
[,ru:di’mentəri] adj. 基本的;初步的;退化的;残遗的;未发展的
Adj.1 : consisting in first principles : FUNDAMENTAL had only a rudimentary formal education ?D. J. Boorstin
2 : of a primitive kind the equipment of these past empire-builders was rudimentary ?A. J. Toynbee
3 : very imperfectly developed or represented only by a vestige the rudimentary tail of a hyrax
rueful
[‘ru:ful] adj. 可怜的;悲伤的;悔恨的
Adj.1 : exciting pity or sympathy : PITIABLE rueful squalid povertyTby every wayside ?John Morley
2 : MOURNFUL, REGRETFUL troubled her with a rueful disquiet ?W. M. Thackeray
rugged
[‘rʌɡid] adj. 崎岖的;坚固的;高低不平的;粗糙的
Adj.1 obsolete : SHAGGY, HAIRY
2 : having a rough uneven surface : JAGGED rugged mountains
3 : TURBULENT, STORMY rugged weather
4 a : seamed with wrinkles and furrows : WEATHERED ? used of a human face b : showing facial signs of strength rugged good looks
5 a : AUSTERE, STERN b : COARSE, RUDE c : rough and strong in character
6 a : presenting a severe test of ability, stamina, or resolution b : strongly built or constituted : ROBUST those that survive are stalwart, rugged men ?L. D. Stamp
synonyms see ROUGH
ruin
[‘ruin, ‘ru:-] n. 废墟;毁坏;灭亡
vt. 毁灭;使破产
vi. 破产;堕落;被毁灭
Noun.1 a archaic : a falling down : COLLAPSE from age to ageTthe crash of ruin fitfully resounds ?William Wordsworth b : physical, moral, economic, or social collapse
2 a : the state of being ruined ? archaic except in plural the city lay in ruins b : the remains of something destroyed ? usually used in plural the ruins of an ancient temple the ruins of his life
3 : a cause of destruction
4 a : the action of destroying, laying waste, or wrecking b : DAMAGE, INJURY
5 : a ruined building, person, or object
transitive verb
1 : to reduce to ruins : DEVASTATE
2 a : to damage irreparably b : BANKRUPT, IMPOVERISH ruined by stock speculation
3 : to subject to frustration, failure, or disaster will ruin your chances of promotion
intransitive verb : to become ruined
ruminant
[‘ruːmɪnənt] n. 反刍动物
adj. 反刍的;沉思的
Noun. : a ruminant mammal
Adj.1 a (1) : chewing the cud (2) : characterized by chewing again what has been swallowed b : of or relating to two suborders (Ruminantia and Tylopoda) of herbivorous even-toed hoofed mammals (as sheep, oxen, deer, and camels) that chew the cud and have a complex 3- or 4-chambered stomach
2 : given to or engaged in contemplation : MEDITATIVE stood thereTin this attitude of ruminant relish ?Thomas Wolfe
rush
[rʌʃ] n. 冲进;匆促;急流;灯心草
adj. 急需的
vt. 使冲;突袭;匆忙地做;飞跃
vi. 冲;奔;闯;赶紧;涌现
Noun.: any of various monocotyledonous often tufted marsh plants (as of the genera Juncus and Luzula of the family Juncaceae, the rush family) with cylindrical often hollow stems which are used in bottoming chairs and plaiting mats
intransitive verb
1 : to move forward, progress, or act with haste or eagerness or without preparation
2 : to advance a football by running plays rushed for a total of 150 yards
transitive verb
1 : to push or impel on or forward with speed, impetuosity, or violence
2 : to perform in a short time or at high speed
3 : to urge to an unnatural or extreme speed don’t rush me
4 : to run toward or against in attack : CHARGE
5 a : to carry (a ball) forward in a running play b : to move in quickly on (a kicker or passer) to hinder, prevent, or block a kick or pass ? used especially of defensive linemen
6 a : to lavish attention on : COURT b : to try to secure a pledge of membership (as in a fraternity) from
Noun.1 a : a violent forward motion b : ATTACK, ONSET c : a surging of emotion
2 a : a burst of activity, productivity, or speed b : a sudden insistent demand
3 : a thronging of people usually to a new place in search of wealth a gold rush
4 a : the act of carrying a football during a game : running play b : the action or an instance of rushing a passer or kicker in football a pass rush
5 a : a round of attention usually involving extensive social activity b : a drive by a fraternity or sorority to recruit new members
6 : a print of a motion-picture scene processed directly after the shooting for review by the director or producer ? usually used in plural
7 a : the immediate pleasurable feeling produced by a drug (as heroin or amphetamine) ? called also flash b : a sudden feeling of intense pleasure or euphoria : THRILL
Adj. : requiring or marked by special speed or urgency rush orders the rush season a rush job
rustic
[‘rʌstik] adj. 乡村的;纯朴的;粗野的;手工粗糙的
n. 乡下人;乡巴佬
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or suitable for the country : RURAL rustic rolling farmland
2 a : made of the rough limbs of trees rustic furniture b : finished by rusticating a rustic joint in masonry
3 a : characteristic of or resembling country people b : lacking in social graces or polish
4 : appropriate to the country (as in plainness or sturdiness) heavy rustic boots
Noun.1 : an inhabitant of a rural area
2 a : an awkward coarse person b : an unsophisticated rural person
ruthless
[‘ru:θlis] adj. 无情的,残忍的
Adj. : having no pity : MERCILESS, CRUEL a ruthless tyrant
sabotage
[‘sæbətɑ:ʒ, ,sæbə’tɑ:ʒ] vt. 妨害;对…采取破坏行动
vi. 从事破坏活动
n. 破坏;破坏活动;怠工
Noun.1 : destruction of an employer’s property (as tools or materials) or the hindering of manufacturing by discontented workers
2 : destructive or obstructive action carried on by a civilian or enemy agent to hinder a nation’s war effort
3 a : an act or process tending to hamper or hurt b : deliberate subversion
vt. : to practice sabotage on
sacred
[‘seikrid] adj. 神的;神圣的;宗教的;庄严的
Adj.1 a : dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity a tree sacred to the gods b : devoted exclusively to one service or use (as of a person or purpose) a fund sacred to charity
2 a : worthy of religious veneration : HOLY b : entitled to reverence and respect
3 : of or relating to religion : not secular or profane sacred music
4 archaic : ACCURSED
5 a : UNASSAILABLE, INVIOLABLE b : highly valued and important a sacred responsibility
sagacious
[sə’ɡeiʃəs] adj. 睿智的,聪慧的;有远见的,聪慧的
Adj.1 obsolete : keen in sense perception
2 a : of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment : DISCERNING sagacious judge of character b : caused by or indicating acute discernment sagacious purchase of stock
synonyms see SHREWD
sage
[seidʒ] n. 圣人;贤人;哲人
adj. 明智的;贤明的;审慎的
Adj.1 a : wise through reflection and experience b archaic : GRAVE, SOLEMN
2 : proceeding from or characterized by wisdom, prudence, and good judgment sage advice
synonyms see WISE
Noun.1 : one (as a profound philosopher) distinguished for wisdom
2 : a mature or venerable man of sound judgment
Noun.1 a : a European perennial mint (Salvia officinalis) with grayish-green aromatic leaves used especially in flavoring meats; broadly : SALVIA b : the fresh or dried leaves of sage
2 : SAGEBRUSH
3 : a light grayish green
salient
[‘seiljənt, -liənt] adj. 显著的;突出的;跳跃的
n. 凸角;突出部分
Adj.1 : moving by leaps or springs : JUMPING
2 : jetting upward a salient fountain
3 a : projecting beyond a line, surface, or level b : standing out conspicuously : PROMINENT; especially : of notable significance similar toTProhibition, but there are a couple of salient differences ?Tony Gibbs
synonyms see NOTICEABLE
Noun. : something (as a promontory) that projects outward or upward from its surroundings; especially : an outwardly projecting part of a fortification, trench system, or line of defense
saline
[‘seilain, -li:n] adj. 盐的;含盐分的
n. 盐湖;碱盐泻药
Adj.1 : consisting of or containing salt a saline solution
2 : of, relating to, or resembling salt : SALTY a saline taste
3 : consisting of or relating to the salts of the alkali metals or of magnesium a saline cathartic
Noun.1 : a metallic salt; especially : a salt of potassium, sodium, or magnesium with a cathartic action
2 : a saline solution; especially : one isosmotic with body fluids
salubrious
[sə’lju:briəs] adj. 清爽的;气候有益健康的
Adj. : favorable to or promoting health or well-being salubrious habits
synonyms see HEALTHFUL
salutary
[‘sæljutəri] adj. 有益的,有用的;有益健康的
Adj.1 : producing a beneficial effect : REMEDIAL salutary influences
2 : promoting health : CURATIVE
synonyms see HEALTHFUL
salvage
[‘sælvidʒ] n. 打捞;海上救助;抢救财货;救难的奖金
vt. 抢救;海上救助
Noun.1 a : compensation paid for saving a ship or its cargo from the perils of the sea or for the lives and property rescued in a wreck b : the act of saving or rescuing a ship or its cargo c : the act of saving or rescuing property in danger (as from fire)
2 a : property saved from destruction in a calamity (as a wreck or fire) b : something extracted (as from rubbish) as valuable or useful
vt. : to rescue or save especially from wreckage or ruin
salvation
[sæl’veiʃən] n. 拯救;救助
Noun.1 a : deliverance from the power and effects of sin b : the agent or means that effects salvation c Christian Science : the realization of the supremacy of infinite Mind over all bringing with it the destruction of the illusion of sin, sickness, and death
2 : liberation from ignorance or illusion
3 a : preservation from destruction or failure b : deliverance from danger or difficulty
sanctimonious
[,sæŋkti’məuniəs] adj. 假装虔诚的;假装圣洁的;假装诚实的
Adj.1 : hypocritically pious or devout a sanctimonious moralist the king’s sanctimonious rebuke ?G. B. Shaw
2 obsolete : possessing sanctity : HOLY
sanctuary
[‘sæŋktju’ri, -tʃuə-] n. 避难所;至圣所;耶路撒冷的神殿
Noun.1 : a consecrated place: as a : the ancient Hebrew temple at Jerusalem or its holy of holies b (1) : the most sacred part of a religious building (as the part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed) (2) : the room in which general worship services are held (3) : a place (as a church or a temple) for worship
2 a (1) : a place of refuge and protection (2) : a refuge for wildlife where predators are controlled and hunting is illegal b : the immunity from law attached to a sanctuary
sanctum
[‘sæŋktəm] n. 圣所;密室;私室
Noun.1 : a sacred place
2 : a place where one is free from intrusion an editor’s sanctum the inner sanctums of research