L3 Flashcards
(150 cards)
2
Q
belligerent
A
[bi’lidʒərənt] adj. 交战的；好战的；交战国的
n. 交战国；参加斗殴的人或集团
Adj.1 : waging war; specifically : belonging to or recognized as a state at war and protected by and subject to the laws of war
2 : inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness
3
Q
bemuse
A
[bɪ’mjuːz] vt. 使发呆；使茫然；使困惑
vt.1 : to make confused : PUZZLE, BEWILDER
2 : to occupy the attention of : DISTRACT, ABSORB
3 : to cause to have feelings of wry or tolerant amusement seems truly bemuseed that people beyond his circle in Seattle would be interested in his ruminations ?Ruth B. Smith
4
Q
benefactor
A
[‘benifæktə] n. 恩人；捐助者；施主
Noun. : one that confers a benefit; especially : one that makes a gift or bequest
5
Q
beneficent
A
[bi’nefisənt] adj. 慈善的；善行的
Adj.1 : doing or producing good; especially : performing acts of kindness and charity
2 : BENEFICIAL
6
Q
beneficiary
A
[,beni’fiʃəri] n. 受益人，受惠者；封臣
adj. 拥有封地的；受圣俸的
Noun.1 : one that benefits from something
2 a : the person designated to receive the income of a trust estate b : the person named (as in an insurance policy) to receive proceeds or benefits
7
Q
benevolent
A
[bi’nevələnt] adj. 仁慈的；慈善的；亲切的
Adj.1 a : marked by or disposed to doing good a benevolent donor b : organized for the purpose of doing good a benevolent society
2 : marked by or suggestive of goodwill benevolent smiles
8
Q
benign
A
[bi’nain] adj. 良性的；和蔼的，亲切的；吉利的
Adj.1 : of a gentle disposition : GRACIOUS a benign teacher
2 a : showing kindness and gentleness benign faces b : FAVORABLE, WHOLESOME a benign climate
3 a : of a mild type or character that does not threaten health or life; especially : not becoming cancerous a benign lung tumor b : having no significant effect : HARMLESS evironmentally benign
9
Q
bereave
A
[bi’ri:v] vt. 使……失去；使……孤寂
vt.1 : to deprive of something ? usually used with of madam, you have bereft me of all words ?Shakespeare
2 : to take away (a valued or necessary possession) especially by force
10
Q
beset
A
[bi’set] vt. 困扰；镶嵌；围绕
vt.1 : to set or stud with or as if with ornaments
2 : TROUBLE, HARASS inflation besets the economy
3 a : to set upon : ASSAIL the settlers were beset by savages b : to hem in : SURROUND
11
Q
besiege
A
[bi’si:dʒ] vt. 围困；包围；烦扰
vt.1 : to surround with armed forces
2 a : to press with requests : IMPORTUNE b : to cause worry or distress to : BESET doubts besieged him
12
Q
bestow
A
[bi’stəu] vt. 使用；授予；放置；留宿
vt.1 : to put to use : APPLY bestowed his spare time on study
2 : to put in a particular or appropriate place : STOW
3 : to provide with quarters : PUT UP
4 : to convey as a gift ? usually used with on or upon
synonyms see GIVE
13
Q
betray
A
[bi’trei] vt. 背叛；出卖；泄露（秘密）；露出…迹象
Transitive verb
1 : to lead astray; especially : SEDUCE
2 : to deliver to an enemy by treachery
3 : to fail or desert especially in time of need betrayed his family
4 a : to reveal unintentionally betray one’s true feelings b : SHOW, INDICATE c : to disclose in violation of confidence betray a secret
intransitive verb : to prove false
synonyms see REVEAL
14
Q
bewilder
A
[bi’wildə] vt. 使迷惑，使不知所措
vt.1 : to cause to lose one’s bearings
2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations
synonyms see PUZZLE
15
Q
bias
A
[‘baiəs] n. 偏见；偏爱；斜纹；乖离率
vt. 使存偏见
adj. 偏斜的
adv. 偏斜地
Noun.1 : a line diagonal to the grain of a fabric; especially : a line at a 45 degree angle to the selvage often utilized in the cutting of garments for smoother fit
2 a : a peculiarity in the shape of a bowl that causes it to swerve when rolled on the green in lawn bowling b : the tendency of a bowl to swerve; also : the impulse causing this tendency c : the swerve of the bowl
3 a : BENT, TENDENCY b : an inclination of temperament or outlook; especially : a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment : PREJUDICE c : an instance of such prejudice d (1) : deviation of the expected value of a statistical estimate from the quantity it estimates (2) : systematic error introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others
4 a : a voltage applied to a device (as a transistor control electrode) to establish a reference level for operation b : a high-frequency voltage combined with an audio signal to reduce distortion in tape recording
synonyms see PREDILECTION
Adj.: DIAGONAL, SLANTING ? used chiefly of fabrics and their cut
Adv.1 : DIAGONALLY cut cloth bias
2 obsolete : AWRY
vt.1 : to give a settled and often prejudiced outlook to his background biases him against foreigners
2 : to apply a slight negative or positive voltage to (as a transistor)
synonyms see INCLINE
16
Q
bibliomania
A
[,bɪblɪə(ʊ)’meɪnɪə] n. 藏书癖；（尤指珍本书）收藏狂
Noun.: extreme preoccupation with collecting books
17
Q
bilateral
A
[baɪ’læt(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 双边的；有两边的
Adj.1 : having two sides
2 : affecting reciprocally two nations or parties a bilateral treaty a bilateral trade agreement
3 a : of, relating to, or affecting the right and left sides of the body or the right and left members of paired organs bilateral nephrectomy b : having bilateral symmetry
18
Q
bilingual
A
[bai’liŋɡwəl] adj. 双语的
n. 通两种语言的人
Adj.1 : having or expressed in two languages a bilingual document an officially bilingual nation
2 : using or able to use two languages especially with equal fluency bilingual in English and Japanese
3 : of or relating to bilingual education
19
Q
billion
A
['biljən] n. 十亿；大量 num. 十亿 adj. 十亿的 Noun.1 ? see NUMBER table 2 : a very large number
20
Q
birthright
A
[‘bə:θrait] n. 与生俱来的权利；长子继承权
Noun. : a right, privilege, or possession to which a person is entitled by birth
21
Q
bizarre
A
[bi’zɑ:] adj. 奇异的（指态度，容貌，款式等）
Adj.: strikingly out of the ordinary: as a : odd, extravagant, or eccentric in style or mode b : involving sensational contrasts or incongruities
synonyms see FANTASTIC
Noun. : a flower with atypical striped marking
22
Q
blackmail
A
[‘blækmeil] n. 勒索，敲诈；勒索所得之款
vt. 勒索，敲诈
Noun.1 : a tribute anciently exacted on the Scottish border by plundering chiefs in exchange for immunity from pillage
2 a : extortion or coercion by threats especially of public exposure or criminal prosecution b : the payment that is extorted
23
Q
blameworthy
A
[‘bleɪmwɜːðɪ] adj. 应受谴责的；该受责备的
Adj.: being at fault : deserving blame
24
Q
bland
A
[blænd] adj. 乏味的；温和的；冷漠的
vt. 使…变得淡而无味；除掉…的特性
vi. 变得平淡无奇；丧失特性
Adj.1 a : smooth and soothing in manner or quality a bland smile b : exhibiting no personal concern or embarrassment : UNPERTURBED a bland confession of guilt
2 a : not irritating, stimulating, or invigorating : SOOTHING b : DULL, INSIPID bland stories with little plot or action
synonyms see SUAVE
25
Q
blatant
A
[‘bleitənt] adj. 喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的
Adj.1 : noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner : CLAMOROUS
2 : completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive especially in a crass or offensive manner : BRAZEN blatant disregard for the rules
synonyms see VOCIFEROUS
26
blazing
['bleiziŋ] adj. 燃烧的；强烈的；闪耀的
adv. 非常
v. 燃烧；闪耀；迸发；公开（blaze的ing形式）
Adj. : of outstanding power, speed, heat, or intensity *blazing eyes* *a blazing fastball* *blazing gunfire*
27
bleach
```
[bli:tʃ] vt. 使漂白，使变白
vi. 变白，漂白
n. 漂白剂
Transitive verb
1 : to remove color or stains from
2 a : to make whiter or lighter especially by physical or chemical removal of color *bleach clothing* *the sun had bleached her hair* b : to remove, make dull, or sanitize as if by removing color *bleaches colonialism of its genocidal legacy ?H. A. Giroux*
intransitive verb
1 : to grow white or lose color
2of coral : to expel symbiotic zooxanthellae exposing a white skeleton
Noun.1 : the act or process of bleaching
2 : a preparation used in bleaching
3 : the degree of whiteness obtained by bleaching
```
28
blighted
['blaitid] adj. 枯萎的；摧残的
v. 使染上枯萎病；毁坏（blight的过去式和过去分词）
Adj.1 slang : BLASTED 2
2 : affected by blight *a blighted rose*; especially of real estate : marked by termination of healthy growth and development accompanied by deterioration and decline of property values *the blighted areas that are the shame of every metropolis*
29
blindness
['blaidnis] n. 失明；无知；[军]盲区
Noun.1 : want of discernment especially with reference to some particular object or matter : failure to exercise understanding, judgment, or discrimination
2 a : the quality or state of being blind; specifically : that of having less than 1/10 of normal vision in the more efficient eye when refractive defects are fully corrected by suitable lenses ? compare COLOR BLINDNESS b : psychic inability to perceive visual images although the visual receptors are functional ? called also mental blindness, mind blindness, psychic blindness c : lack of sensory perception involving all or part of some sense other than sight *taste blindness* *smell blindness*
3 a obsolete : CONCEALMENT b : OBSCURITY
4 of plants : failure to produce a growing tip or flowers or to develop vegetative parts ? compare 1BLIND 5a
30
blissful
['blisful] adj. 充满喜悦的adj.1 : full of, marked by, or causing bliss *a blissful marriage*
2 : happily benighted *blissful ignoranc
E*
31
blithe
[blaið] adj. 愉快的；快乐无忧的
Adj.1 : of a happy lighthearted character or disposition
2 : lacking due thought or consideration : CASUAL, HEEDLESS *blithe unconcern*
synonyms see MERRY
32
blockbuster
['blɔk,bʌstə] n. 轰动；巨型炸弹；一鸣惊人者
Noun.1 : a very large high-explosive bomb
2 : one that is notably expensive, effective, successful, large, or extravagant *a blockbuster movie*
3 : one who engages in blockbusting
33
blueprint
['blu:print] vt. 计划；制成蓝图
n. 蓝图，设计图；计划
Noun.1 : a photographic print in white on a bright blue ground or blue on a white ground used especially for copying maps, mechanical drawings, and architects' plans
2 : something resembling a blueprint (as in serving as a model or providing guidance); especially : a detailed plan or program of action *a blueprint for victory*
34
bluff
[blʌf] n. 吓唬；绝壁；断崖
vt. 吓唬；愚弄
vi. 吓唬
adj. 直率的；陡峭的
Adj.1 a : having a broad flattened front b : rising steeply with a broad flat or rounded front
2 : good-naturedly frank and outspoken
Noun. : a high steep bank : CLIFF
transitive verb
1 a : to deter or frighten by pretense or a mere show of strength b : DECEIVE c : FEIGN *the catcher bluffed a throw to first*
2 : to deceive (an opponent) in cards by a bold bet on an inferior hand
intransitive verb : to bluff someone : act deceptively
Noun.1 a : an act or instance of bluffing b : the practice of bluffing
2 : one who bluffs
35
blur
```
[blə:] vt. 涂污；使…模糊不清；使暗淡；玷污
vi. 沾上污迹；变模糊
n. 污迹；模糊不清的事物
Noun.1 : a smear or stain that obscures
2 : something vaguely or indistinctly perceived; especially : something moving or occurring too quickly to be clearly perceived
transitive verb
1 : to obscure or blemish by smearing
2 : SULLY
3 : to make dim, indistinct, or vague in outline or character
4 : to make cloudy or confused
intransitive verb
1 : to make blurs
2 : to become vague or indistinct
```
36
boastfulness
n.自吹自擂；浮夸
37
boisterous
['bɔistərəs] adj. 喧闹的；狂暴的；猛烈的
Adj.1 obsolete a : COARSE b : DURABLE, STRONG c : MASSIVE
2 a : noisily turbulent : ROWDY b : marked by or expressive of exuberance and high spirits
3 : STORMY, TUMULTUOUS
synonyms see VOCIFEROUS
38
bolster
['bəulstə] n. 支持；长枕
vt. 支持；支撑
Noun.1 : a long pillow or cushion
2 : a structural part designed to eliminate friction or provide support or bearing
vt.1 : to support with or as if with a bolster : REINFORCE
2 : to give a boost to *news that bolstered his spirits*
39
bombastic
[bɔm'bæstik,-kəl] adj. 夸大的；言过其实的
| Adj. : marked by or given to bombast : POMPOUS, OVERBLOWN
40
bonanza
[bəu'nænzə] n. 富矿带；带来好运之事；幸运
Noun.1 : an exceptionally large and rich mineral deposit (as of an ore, precious metal, or petroleum)
2 a : something that is very valuable, profitable, or rewarding *a box-office bonanza* b : a very large amount *a bonanza of sympathy* c : EXTRAVAGANZA *channels planning all-day viewing bonanzas ?William Borders*
41
boon
```
[bu:n] n. 恩惠；福利；利益
adj. 愉快的；慷慨的
Noun.1 : BENEFIT, FAVOR; especially : one that is given in answer to a request
2 : a timely benefit : BLESSING
Adj.1 archaic : FAVORABLE
2 : CONVIVIAL *a boon companion*
```
42
boost
[bu:st] vt. 促进；增加；支援
vi. 宣扬；偷窃
n. 推动；帮助；宣扬
Transitive verb
1 : to push or shove up from below
2 : INCREASE, RAISE *plans to boost production* *an extra holiday to boost morale*
3 : to promote the cause or interests of : PLUG *a campaign to boost the new fashions*
4 : to raise the voltage of or across (an electric circuit)
5 slang : STEAL, SHOPLIFT
intransitive verb , slang : SHOPLIFT
synonyms see LIFT
Noun.1 : a push upward
2 : an act that brings help or encouragement : ASSIST
3 : an increase in amount
43
bootless
['bu:tlis] adj. 无用的；无益的；无利可图的；没穿鞋的
| Adj.: USELESS, UNPROFITABLE *a bootless attempt*
44
boredom
['bɔ:dəm] n. 厌倦；令人厌烦的事物
| Noun. : the state of being weary and restless through lack of interest
45
boundless
['baundlis] adj. 无限的；无边无际的
| Adj.: having no boundaries : VAST *boundless possibilities*
46
bowlegged
['bəulegd] adj. 弯脚的
| Adj. : having legs bowed outward
47
braggart
['bræɡət] n. 吹嘘；好自夸者；大言者
adj. 吹牛的；自夸的
Noun.: a loud arrogant boaster
48
braid
[breid] vt. 编织
n. 辫子；穗带；发辫
vt.1 a : to make from braids *braid a rug* b : to form (three or more strands) into a braid
2 : to do up (the hair) by interweaving three or more strands
3 : MIX, INTERMINGLE *braid fact with fiction*
4 : to ornament especially with ribbon or braid
Noun.1 a : a length of braided hair b : a cord or ribbon having usually three or more component strands forming a regular diagonal pattern down its length; especially : a narrow fabric of intertwined threads used especially for trimming
2 : high-ranking naval officers
49
brassy
['brɑ:si, 'bræsi] adj. 刺耳的；厚脸皮的；似黄铜的
n. 铜头高尔夫球棍
Adj.1 a : shamelessly bold *a brassy reporter* b : OBSTREPEROUS
2 : resembling brass especially in color
3 : resembling the sound of a brass instrument
50
bravado
[brə'vɑ:dəu] n. 虚张声势；冒险
Noun.1 a : blustering swaggering conduct b : a pretense of bravery
2 : the quality or state of being foolhardy
51
brazen
['breizən] adj. 厚颜无耻的；黄铜制的
vt. 使变得无耻；厚脸皮地做
Adj.1 : made of brass
2 a : sounding harsh and loud like struck brass b : of the color of polished brass
3 : marked by contemptuous boldness *a brazen disregard for the rules*
vt. : to face with defiance or impudence ? usually used in the phrase brazen it out
52
breach
[bri:tʃ] n. 违背，违反；缺口
vt. 违反，破坏；打破
Noun.1 : infraction or violation of a law, obligation, tie, or standard
2 a : a broken, ruptured, or torn condition or area b : a gap (as in a wall) made by battering
3 a : a break in accustomed friendly relations b : a temporary gap in continuity : HIATUS
4 : a leap especially of a whale out of water
transitive verb
1 : to make a breach in *breach a wall*
2 : BREAK, VIOLATE *breach an agreement*
intransitive verb : to leap out of water *a whale breaching*
53
breed
[bri:d] vi. 繁殖；饲养；产生
vt. 繁殖；饲养；养育，教育；引起
n. 品种；种类，类型
Transitive verb
1 : to produce (offspring) by hatching or gestation
2 a : BEGET 1 b : PRODUCE, ENGENDER *despair often breeds violence*
3 : to propagate (plants or animals) sexually and usually under controlled conditions *bred several strains of corn together to produce a superior variety*
4 a : BRING UP, NURTURE *born and bred in the country* b : to inculcate by training *breed good manners into one's children*
5 a : 4MATE 3 b : to mate with : INSEMINATE c : IMPREGNATE 2
6 : to produce (a fissionable element) by bombarding a nonfissionable element with neutrons from a radioactive element
intransitive verb
1 a : to produce offspring by sexual union b : COPULATE, MATE
2 : to propagate animals or plants
Noun.1 : a group of usually domesticated animals or plants presumably related by descent from common ancestors and visibly similar in most characters
2 : a number of persons of the same stock
3 : CLASS, KIND *a new breed of athlete*
54
brevity
['brevəti] n. 简洁，简短；短暂，短促
| Noun.: shortness of duration; especially : shortness or conciseness of expression
55
brilliant
['briljənt] adj. 灿烂的，闪耀的；杰出的；有才气的
Adj.1 : very bright : GLITTERING *a brilliant light*
2 a : STRIKING, DISTINCTIVE *a brilliant example* b : distinguished by unusual mental keenness or alertness
synonyms see BRIGHT
Noun. : a gem (as a diamond) cut in a particular form with numerous facets so as to have special brilliance
56
brink
[briŋk] n. （峭壁的）边缘
Noun.1 : EDGE; especially : the edge at the top of a steep place
2 : a bank especially of a river
3 : the point of onset : VERGE *on the brink of war*
4 : the threshold of danger
57
briny
['braini] adj. 海水的；咸的；盐水的
| Adj. : of, relating to, or resembling brine or the sea : SALTY
58
brook
n. 小河noun.: CREEK 2
| vt. : to stand for : TOLERATE *he would brook no interference with his plans*
59
brownish
['brauniʃ] adj. 呈褐色的
| Adj.: somewhat brown
60
brusqueness
n. 无礼；唐突；直率
| Noun.: the quality or state of being brusque
61
brutality
[bru:'tæləti] n. 无情；残忍；暴行（需用复数形式）
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being brutal
2 : a brutal act or course of action
62
brute
[bru:t] adj. 残忍的；无理性的
n. 畜生；残暴的人
Adj.1 : of or relating to beasts *the ways of the brute world*
2 : INANIMATE 1a
3 : characteristic of an animal in quality, action, or instinct: as a : CRUEL, SAVAGE *brute violence* b : not working by reason *brute instinct*
4 : purely physical *brute strength* *brute force*
5 : unrelievedly harsh *brute facts* *brute necessity*
Noun.1 : BEAST
2 : a brutal person
63
buckle
['bʌkl] vi. 扣住；变弯曲
vt. 扣住；使弯曲
n. 皮带扣，带扣
Noun.1 : a fastening for two loose ends that is attached to one and holds the other by a catch
2 : an ornamental device that suggests a buckle
3 archaic : a crisp curl
transitive verb
1 : to fasten with a buckle
2 : to prepare with vigor
3 : to cause to bend, give way, or crumple
intransitive verb
1 : to become fastened with a buckle
2 : to apply oneself with vigor ? usually used with down *buckle down to the job*
3 : to bend, heave, warp, or kink usually under the influence of some external agency *wheat buckling in the wind*
4 : COLLAPSE *the props buckled under the strain*
5 : to give way : YIELD *he buckled under pressure*
Noun.1 : a product of buckling : BEND, FOLD
2 : a coffee cake baked with berries and a crumbly topping *blueberry buckle*
64
bulky
['bʌlki] adj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的
Adj.1 a : having bulk b (1) : large of its kind (2) : CORPULENT
2 : having great volume in proportion to weight *a bulky knit sweater*
65
bumper
```
['bʌmpə] adj. 丰盛的，丰富的
n. 缓冲器
vt. 装满；为…祝酒
vi. 干杯
Noun.1 : a brimming cup or glass
2 : something unusually large
Adj.1 : unusually large *a bumper crop*
2 : BANNER 2
Noun.1 : a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage (as in collision); specifically : a bar at either end of an automobile
2 : one that bumps
3 : a brief interval on radio or television filled with music, video shots, or voiceovers that marks a break between a program and a commercial
```
66
buoyant
['bɔiənt] adj. 轻快的；有浮力的；上涨的
Adj.: having buoyancy: as a : capable of floating b : CHEERFUL, GAY c : capable of maintaining a satisfactorily high level *a buoyant economy*
67
burdensome
['bə:dənsəm] adj. 繁重的；累赘的；恼人的
| Adj.: imposing or constituting a burden : OPPRESSIVE *burdensome restrictions*
68
burgeon
['bə:dʒən] vi. 萌芽
vt. 发芽
n. 嫩枝
Intransitive verb.1 a : to send forth new growth (as buds or branches) : SPROUT b : BLOOM
2 : to grow and expand rapidly : FLOURISH
69
burning
['bə:niŋ] adj. 燃烧的；强烈的；发热的
n. 燃烧
vi. 燃烧（burn的现在分词）
Adj.1 a : being on fire b : ARDENT, INTENSE *burning enthusiasm*
2 a : affecting with or as if with heat *a burning fever* b : resembling that produced by a burn *a burning sensation on the tongue*
3 : of fundamental importance : URGENT *one of the burning issues of our time*
70
burst
[bə:st] vi. 爆发，突发；爆炸
vt. 爆发，突发；爆炸
n. 爆发，突发；爆炸
Intransitive verb
1 : to break open, apart, or into pieces usually from impact or from pressure from within
2 a : to give way from an excess of emotion *my heart will burst* b : to give vent suddenly to a repressed emotion *burst into tears* *burst out laughing*
3 a : to emerge or spring suddenly *burst out of the house* *burst onto the scene* b : LAUNCH, PLUNGE *burst into song*
4 : to be filled to the breaking point *bursting with excitement* *a crate bursting with fruit*
transitive verb
1 : to cause to burst *burst a balloon*
2 a : to force open (as a door or a way) by strong or vigorous action b : to flood over *the river burst its banks*
3 : to produce by or as if by bursting
Noun.1 a : a sudden outbreak; especially : a vehement outburst (as of emotion) b : EXPLOSION, ERUPTION c : a sudden intense effort *a burst of speed* d : the duration of fire in one engagement of the mechanism of an automatic firearm
2 : an act of bursting
3 : a result of bursting; especially : a visible puff accompanying the explosion of a shell
71
buttress
['bʌtris] n. 扶壁；拱壁；支撑物
vt. 支持；以扶壁支撑
Noun.1 : a projecting structure of masonry or wood for supporting or giving stability to a wall or building
2 : something that resembles a buttress: as a : a projecting part of a mountain or hill b : a horny protuberance on a horse's hoof at the heel ? see HOOF illustration c : the broadened base of a tree trunk or a thickened vertical part of it
3 : something that supports or strengthens *a buttress of the cause of peace*
vt. : to furnish or shore up with a buttress; also : SUPPORT, STRENGTHEN *arguments buttressed by solid facts*
72
bygone
['baiɡɔn] adj. 过去的
n. 过去的事
Adj. : gone by : PAST *bygone days*; especially : OUTMODED *bygone styles*
73
byproduct
['bai,prɔdʌkt] n. 副产品,副作用
74
byzantine
[bi'zæntain; 'bizəntain] adj. 拜占庭式的；东罗马帝国的;错综复杂的
n. 拜占庭人，拜占庭派的建筑师
adj.1 : of, relating to, or characteristic of the ancient city of Byzantium
2 : of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire especially in the fifth and sixth centuries featuring the dome carried on pendentives over a square and incrustation with marble veneering and with colored mosaics on grounds of gold
3 : of or relating to the churches using a traditional Greek rite and subject to Eastern canon law
4 often not capitalized a : of, relating to, or characterized by a devious and usually surreptitious manner of operation *a Byzantine power struggle* b : intricately involved : LABYRINTHINE *rules of Byzantine complexity*
Noun.: a native or inhabitant of Byzantium
75
cabinet
['kæbinit] n. 内阁；橱柜；展览艺术品的小陈列室
adj. 内阁的；私下的，秘密的
Noun.1 a : a case or cupboard usually having doors and shelves b : a collection of specimens especially of biological or numismatic interest c : CONSOLE 4a d : a chamber having temperature and humidity controls and used especially for incubating biological samples
2 a archaic : a small room providing seclusion b : a small exhibition room in a museum
3 a archaic (1) : the private room serving as council chamber of the chief councillors or ministers of a sovereign (2) : the consultations and actions of these councillors b (1) often capitalized : a body of advisers of a head of state (2) : a similar advisory council of a governor of a state or a mayor c British : a meeting of a cabinet
4 New England : MILK SHAKE
Adj.1 : of or relating to a governmental cabinet
2 : suitable by reason of size for a small room or by reason of attractiveness or perfection for preservation and display in a cabinet
3 a : used or adapted for cabinetmaking b : done or used by a cabinetmaker
76
cacophonous
[kæ'kɔfənəs] adj. 粗腔横调的；发音不和谐的
| Adj. : marked by cacophony : harsh-sounding
77
calamity
[kə'læməti] n. 灾难；不幸事件
Noun.1 : a state of deep distress or misery caused by major misfortune or loss
2 : a disastrous event marked by great loss and lasting distress and suffering *calamities of nature* *an economic calamity*
78
calculable
['kælkjuləbl] adj. 可计算的；能预测的；可靠的
Adj.1 : subject to or ascertainable by calculation
2 : that may be counted on : DEPENDABLE
79
callous
['kæləs] adj. 无情的；麻木的；硬结的；起老茧的
vt. 使冷酷无情；使硬结；使生茧
vi. 变得冷酷无情；结茧；变硬
n. 硬皮；老茧
Adj.1 a : being hardened and thickened b : having calluses *callous hands*
2 a : feeling no emotion b : feeling or showing no sympathy for others : HARD-HEARTED *a callous indifference to suffering*
vt. : to make callous *hands calloused by hard manual labor*
80
calumny
['kæləmnɪ] n. 诽谤；中伤；诬蔑
Noun.1 : a misrepresentation intended to harm another's reputation
2 : the act of uttering false charges or misrepresentations maliciously calculated to harm another's reputation
81
camaraderie
[,kæmə'rɑ:dəri:] n. 友情；同志之爱
| Noun.: a spirit of friendly good-fellowship
82
candid
['kændid] adj. 公正的；坦白的；率直的；偷拍的
Adj.1 : WHITE *candid flames*
2 : free from bias, prejudice, or malice : FAIR *a candid observer*
3 a : marked by honest sincere expression *a candid discussion* b : indicating or suggesting sincere honesty and absence of deception *her candid face* c : disposed to criticize severely : BLUNT *candid critics*
4 : relating to or being photography of subjects acting naturally or spontaneously without being posed
synonyms see FRANK
83
candor
['kændə] n. 坦白；直率
Noun.1 a : WHITENESS, BRILLIANCE b obsolete : unstained purity
2 : freedom from prejudice or malice : FAIRNESS
3 archaic : KINDLINESS
4 : unreserved, honest, or sincere expression : FORTHRIGHTNESS *the candor with which he acknowledged a weakness in his own case ?Aldous Huxley*
84
cannily
['kænɪlɪ] adv. 机灵地；用心地；狡诈地
| Adv.: in a canny manner: as a : KNOWINGLY, SHREWDLY b : CAREFULLY, CAUTIOUSLY
85
canny
['kæni] adj. 精明的，谨慎的；节约的
Adj.1 : CLEVER, SHREWD *a canny lawyer*; also : PRUDENT *canny investments*
2 chiefly Scottish a : CAREFUL, STEADY; also : RESTRAINED b : QUIET, SNUG *then canny, in some cozy place, they close the day ?Robert Burns*
Adv. Scottish : in a canny manner : CAREFULLY
86
cantankerous
[kæn'tæŋkərəs] adj. 脾气坏的；爱吵架的；难相处的
| Adj. : difficult or irritating to deal with *a cantankerous mule*
87
capitulate
[kə'pitjuleit] vi. 认输，屈服；屈从，停止反抗；有条件投降；让步
Intransitive verb.1 archaic : PARLEY, NEGOTIATE
2 a : to surrender often after negotiation of terms b : to cease resisting : ACQUIESCE
synonyms see YIELD
88
capricious
[kə'priʃəs] adj. 反复无常的；任性的
Adj. : governed or characterized by caprice : IMPULSIVE, UNPREDICTABLE
synonyms see INCONSTANT
89
captious
['kæpʃəs] adj. 挑剔的；吹毛求疵的
Adj.1 : marked by an often ill-natured inclination to stress faults and raise objections *captious critics*
2 : calculated to confuse, entrap, or entangle in argument *a captious question*
synonyms see CRITICAL
90
captivating
['kæptiveitiŋ] adj. 迷人的；有魅力的
v. 使…着迷（captivate的ing形式）
Adj. : CHARMING, WINNING : showing ability to captivate *a prose captivating in its music*
91
capture
['kæptʃə] vt. 俘获；夺得
n. 捕获；战利品，俘虏
Noun.1 : an act or instance of capturing: as a : an act of catching, winning, or gaining control by force, stratagem, or guile b : a move in a board game (as chess or checkers) that gains an opponent's piece c : the absorption by an atom, nucleus, or particle of a subatomic particle that often results in subsequent emission of radiation or in fission d : the act of recording in a permanent file *data capture*
2 : one that has been taken (as a prize ship)
vt.1 a : to take captive; also : to gain control of especially by force *capture a city* b : to gain or win especially through effort *captured 60 percent of the vote*
2 a : to emphasize, represent, or preserve (as a scene, mood, or quality) in a more or less permanent form *at any such moment as a photograph might capture ?C. E. Montague* b : to record in a permanent file (as in a computer)
3 : to captivate and hold the interest of
4 : to take according to the rules of a game
5 : to bring about the capture of (a subatomic particle)
synonyms see CATCH
92
cardiac
['kɑ:diæk] n. 强心剂；强胃剂
adj. 心脏的；心脏病的；（胃的）喷门
Adj.1 a : of, relating to, situated near, or acting on the heart b : of or relating to the cardia of the stomach
2 : of, relating to, or affected with heart disease *cardiac patients*
Noun.: a person with heart disease
93
cardinal
['kɑ:dinəl] adj. 主要的，基本的；深红色的
n. 红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色
Noun.1 : a high ecclesiastical official of the Roman Catholic Church who ranks next below the pope and is appointed by him to assist him as a member of the college of cardinals
2 : CARDINAL NUMBER ? usually used in plural
3 [from its color, resembling that of the cardinal's robes] : a crested finch (Cardinalis cardinalis of the family Cardinalidae) of the eastern United States and adjacent Canada, the southwestern U.S., and Mexico to Belize which has a black face and heavy red bill in both sexes and is nearly completely red in the male
Adj.1 : of basic importance : MAIN, CHIEF, PRIMARY *a cardinal principle*
2 : very serious or grave *a cardinal sin*
synonyms see ESSENTIAL
94
caricature
['kærikətjuə, -tʃə] n. 漫画；讽刺画；漫画手法
vt. 画成漫画讽刺
Noun. 1 : exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of parts or characteristics
2 : a representation especially in literature or art that has the qualities of caricature
3 : a distortion so gross as to seem like caricature
vt. : to make or draw a caricature of : represent in caricature *the portrait caricatured its subject*
95
carnage
['kɑ:nidʒ] n. 大屠杀；残杀；大量绝灭
Noun.1 : the flesh of slain animals or men
2 : great and usually bloody slaughter or injury (as in battle)
96
carnivorous
[kɑ:'nivərəs] adj. 食肉的；肉食性的
Adj.1 : subsisting or feeding on animal tissues
2 of a plant : subsisting on nutrients obtained from the breakdown of animal protoplasm (as of insects)
3 : of or relating to the carnivores
4 : RAPACIOUS
97
carve
[kɑ:v] vt. 雕刻；切开；开创
vi. 切开；做雕刻工作
Transitive verb
1 : to cut with care or precision *carved fretwork*
2 : to make or get by or as if by cutting ? often used with out *carve out a career*
3 : to cut into pieces or slices *carved the turkey*
intransitive verb
1 : to cut up and serve meat
2 : to work as a sculptor or engraver
98
cast
[kɑ:s, kæst] vt. 投，抛；计算；浇铸；投射（光、影、视线等）
n. 投掷，抛；铸件，铸型；演员阵容；脱落物
vi. 投，抛垂钓鱼钩；计算，把几个数字加起来
Transitive verb
1 a : to cause to move or send forth by throwing *cast a fishing lure* *cast dice* b : DIRECT *cast a glance* c (1) : to put forth *the fire casts a warm glow* *cast light on the subject* (2) : to place as if by throwing *cast doubt on their reliability* d : to deposit (a ballot) formally e (1) : to throw off or away *the horse cast a shoe* (2) : to get rid of : DISCARD *cast off all restraint* (3) : SHED, MOLT (4) : to bring forth; especially : to give birth to prematurely f : to throw to the ground especially in wrestling g : to build by throwing up earth
2 a (1) : to perform arithmetical operations on : ADD (2) : to calculate by means of astrology b archaic : DECIDE, INTEND
3 a : to dispose or arrange into parts or into a suitable form or order b (1) : to assign the parts of (a dramatic production) to actors *cast a movie* (2) : to assign (as an actor) to a role or part *was cast in the leading role*
4 a : to give a shape to (a substance) by pouring in liquid or plastic form into a mold and letting harden without pressure *cast steel* b : to form by this process
5 : TURN *cast the scale slightly*
6 : to make (a knot or stitch) by looping or catching up
7 : TWIST, WARP *a beam cast by age*
intransitive verb
1 : to throw something; specifically : to throw out a lure with a fishing rod
2 dialect British : VOMIT
3 dialect England : to bear fruit : YIELD
4 a : to perform addition b obsolete : ESTIMATE, CONJECTURE
5 : WARP
6 : to range over land in search of a trail ? used of hunting dogs or trackers
7 : VEER
synonyms see DISCARD, THROW
Noun.1 a : an act of casting b : something that happens as a result of chance c : a throw of dice d : a throw of a line (as a fishing line) or net
2 a : the form in which a thing is constructed b (1) : the set of actors in a dramatic production (2) : a set of characters or persons *in both great houses there is the usual cast of servants ?Elizabeth Bowen* c : the arrangement of draperies in a painting
3 : the distance to which a thing can be thrown; specifically : the distance a bow can shoot
4 a : a turning of the eye in a particular direction; also : EXPRESSION *this freakish, elfish cast came into the child's eye ?Nathaniel Hawthorne* b : a slight strabismus
5 : something that is thrown or the quantity thrown; especially British : the leader of a fishing line
6 a : something that is formed by casting in a mold or form: as (1) : a reproduction (as of a statue) in metal or plaster : CASTING (2) : a fossil reproduction of the details of a natural object by mineral infiltration b : an impression taken from an object with a liquid or plastic substance : MOLD c : a rigid casing (as of fiberglass or of gauze impregnated with plaster of paris) used for immobilizing a usually diseased or broken part
7 : FORECAST, CONJECTURE
8 a : an overspread of a color or modification of the appearance of a substance by a trace of some added hue : SHADE *gray with a greenish cast* b : TINGE, SUGGESTION
9 a : a ride on one's way in a vehicle : LIFT b Scottish : HELP, ASSISTANCE
10 a : SHAPE, APPEARANCE *the delicate cast of her features* b : characteristic quality *his father's conservative cast of mind*
11 : something that is shed, ejected, or thrown out or off: as a : the excrement of an earthworm b : a mass of soft matter formed in cavities of diseased organs and discharged from the body c : the skin of an insect
12 : the ranging in search of a trail by a dog, hunting pack, or tracker
99
caste
[kɑ:st, kæst] n. （印度社会中的）种姓；（具有严格等级差别的）社会地位；（排他的）社会团体
Noun.1 : one of the hereditary social classes in Hinduism that restrict the occupation of their members and their association with the members of other castes
2 a : a division of society based on differences of wealth, inherited rank or privilege, profession, occupation, or race b : the position conferred by caste standing : PRESTIGE
3 : a system of rigid social stratification characterized by hereditary status, endogamy, and social barriers sanctioned by custom, law, or religion
4 : a specialized form (as the worker of an ant or bee) of a polymorphic social insect that carries out a particular function in the colony
100
castigate
['kæstiɡeit] vt. 严惩；苛评；矫正；修订
vt.: to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism
synonyms see PUNISH
101
catalyze
['kætəlaiz] vt. [化]催化；刺激，促进
vt.1 : to bring about the catalysis of (a chemical reaction)
2 : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE
3 : to alter significantly by or as if by catalysis *innovations in basic chemical theory that have catalyzed the field ?Newsweek*
102
catastrophe
[kə'tæstrəfi] n. 大灾难；大祸；惨败
Noun.1 : the final event of the dramatic action especially of a tragedy
2 : a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin
3 a : a violent and sudden change in a feature of the earth b : a violent usually destructive natural event (as a supernova)
4 : utter failure : FIASCO *the party was a catastrophe*
103
category
['kætiɡəri] n. 种类，分类；范畴
Noun.1 : any of several fundamental and distinct classes to which entities or concepts belong
2 : a division within a system of classification
104
cater
['keitə] vt. 投合，迎合；满足需要；提供饮食及服务
Intransitive verb
1 : to provide a supply of food
2 : to supply what is required or desired *catering to middle-class tastes*
transitive verb : to provide food and service for *catered the banquet*
105
caterpillar
['kætəpilə] n. 毛虫；履带车
adj. 有履带装置的
Noun.: the elongated wormlike larva of a butterfly or moth; also : any of various similar larvae
106
causal
['kɔ:zəl] adj. 因果关系的；有原因的
n. 表示原因的连词
Adj.1 : expressing or indicating cause : CAUSATIVE *a causal clause introduced by since*
2 : of, relating to, or constituting a cause *the causal agent of a disease*
3 : involving causation or a cause *the relationshipTwas not one of causal antecedence so much as one of analogous growth ?H. O. Taylor*
4 : arising from a cause *a causal development*
107
caustic
['kɔ:stik] adj. [化]腐蚀性的；苛性的；刻薄的；[物]焦散的
n. [医]腐蚀剂；[化]苛性钠；[物]焦散曲线
Adj.1 : capable of destroying or eating away by chemical action : CORROSIVE
2 : marked by incisive sarcasm
3 : relating to or being the surface or curve of a caustic
Noun.1 : a caustic agent: as a : a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by chemical action b : SODIUM HYDROXIDE
2 : the envelope of rays emanating from a point and reflected or refracted by a curved surface
108
cautionary
['kɔːʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ] adj. 警告的；劝诫的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or constituting a cautio or a caution
2 archaic : characterized by caution : CAUTIOUS, WARY
3 : having the characteristics of, serving as, or offering a caution : ADMONITORY *a warmly human story rather than the usual mere cautionary tale intended to warn us?J.W.Krutch*
Noun.: SECURITY, SURETY, CAUTION
109
cautious
['kɔ:ʃəs] adj. 谨慎的；十分小心的
| Adj. : marked by or given to caution *cautious investors* *cautious optimism*
110
cavil
['kævil] vi. 吹毛求疵；挑剔
vt. 吹毛求疵；无端指摘
n. 吹毛求疵；苛责；无端的指责
Intransitive verb : to raise trivial and frivolous objection
transitive verb : to raise trivial objections to
111
cavity
['kævəti] n. 腔；洞，凹处
Noun.1 : an unfilled space within a mass; especially : a hollowed-out space
2 : an area of decay in a tooth : CARIES
112
celestial
[sɪ'lestɪəl] n. 神仙，天堂里的居民
adj. 天上的，天空的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or suggesting heaven or divinity *celestial beings*
2 : of or relating to the sky or visible heavens *the sun, moon, and stars are celestial bodies*
3 a : ETHEREAL, OTHERWORLDLY *celestial music* b : OLYMPIAN, SUPREME
4 capitalized [Celestial Empire, old name for China] : of or relating to China or the Chinese
Noun.1 : a heavenly or mythical being
2 capitalized : CHINESE 1a
113
celibate
['selɪbət] adj. 独身的；禁欲的
n. 独身者
Noun. : a person who lives in celibacy
114
cellular
['seljulə] adj. 细胞的；多孔的；由细胞组成的
n. 移动电话；单元
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or consisting of cells
2 : containing cavities : having a porous texture *cellular rocks*
3 : of, relating to, or being a radiotelephone system in which a geographical area (as a city) is divided into small sections each served by a transmitter of limited range *cellular phones*
Noun.: CELL PHONE
115
censorious
[sen'sɔ:riəs] adj. 挑剔的；受批判的（名词censoriousness，副词censoriously）
Adj. : marked by or given to censure *censorious comments* *a censorious critic*
synonyms see CRITICAL
116
censure
['senʃə] vt. 责难，责备
n. 责难
vi. 谴责，责备
Noun.1 : a judgment involving condemnation
2 archaic : OPINION, JUDGMENT
3 : the act of blaming or condemning sternly
4 : an official reprimand
vt.1 obsolete : ESTIMATE, JUDGE
2 : to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy
synonyms see CRITICIZE
117
centralization
[,sentrəlai'zeiʃən, -li'z-] n. 集中化；中央集权管理
Noun.1 : the act or process of centralizing : the state of being centralized
2 a : concentration of the powers and agencies of government in the central or national organization b : concentration of authority and power in the hands of a few *he believed in strong centralization * the concentration of power in a few hands, the strict regimentation?H.L.Mencken*
118
ceramic
[si'ræmik] adj. 陶瓷的；陶器的；制陶艺术的
n. 陶瓷；陶瓷制品
Adj.: of or relating to the manufacture of any product (as earthenware, porcelain, or brick) made essentially from a nonmetallic mineral (as clay) by firing at a high temperature; also : of or relating to such a product
Noun.1 plural but singular in construction : the art or process of making ceramic articles
2 : a product of ceramic manufacture
119
cerebral
['seribrəl] adj. 大脑的，脑的
Adj.1 a : of or relating to the brain or the intellect b : of, relating to, affecting, or being the cerebrum
2 a : appealing to intellectual appreciation *cerebral drama* b : primarily intellectual in nature *a cerebral society*
120
ceremonious
adj. 隆重的；讲究仪式的；正式的
Adj.1 : devoted to forms and ceremony : PUNCTILIOUS *ceremonious courtiers*
2 : of, relating to, or constituting a ceremony *a ceremonious occasion*
3 : according to formal usage or prescribed procedures *the cold and ceremonious politeness of her curtsey ?Jane Austen*
4 : marked by ceremony *a ceremonious procession*
synonyms see CEREMONIAL
121
certainty
['sə:tənti] n. 必然；确实；确实的事情
Noun.1 : something that is certain
2 : the quality or state of being certain especially on the basis of evidence
synonyms CERTAINTY, CERTITUDE, CONVICTION mean a state of being free from doubt. CERTAINTY and CERTITUDE are very close; CERTAINTY may stress the existence of objective proof *claims that cannot be confirmed with scientific certainty*, while CERTITUDE may emphasize a faith in something not needing or not capable of proof *believes with certitude in an afterlife*. CONVICTION applies especially to belief strongly held by an individual *holds firm convictions on every issue*.
122
certitude
['sə:titju:d] n. 确信；确实
Noun.1 : the state of being or feeling certain
2 : certainty of act or event
synonyms see CERTAINTY
123
cessation
[se'seiʃən] n. 停止；中止；中断
| Noun. : a temporary or final ceasing (as of action) : STOP
124
chafe
[tʃeif] vt. 擦破；擦热；擦痛；激怒
vi. 擦伤；磨擦；激怒
n. 擦伤；气恼
Transitive verb
1 : IRRITATE, VEX
2 : to warm by rubbing especially with the hands
3 a : to rub so as to wear away : ABRADE *the boat chafed its sides against the dock* b : to make sore by or as if by rubbing
intransitive verb
1 : to feel irritation, discontent, or impatience : FRET *chafes at his restrictive desk job*
2 : to rub and thereby cause wear or irritation
Noun.1 : a state of vexation : RAGE
2 : injury or wear caused by friction; also : FRICTION, RUBBING
125
chagrin
['ʃæɡrin] n. 懊恼；委屈；气愤
vt. 使…懊恼
Noun.: disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, disappointment, or failure
vt. : to vex or unsettle by disappointing or humiliating *he was chagrined to learn that his help was not needed*
126
chancy
['tʃɑːnsɪ] adj. 不确实的；偶然发生的；不安的
Adj.1 Scottish : bringing good luck : AUSPICIOUS
2 : uncertain in outcome or prospect : RISKY
3 : occurring by chance : HAPHAZARD
127
chantey
['ʃænti] n. 船夫曲；水手的劳动号子
| Noun. : a song sung by sailors in rhythm with their work
128
chaotic
[kei'ɔtik] adj. 混沌的；混乱的，无秩序的
Adj.1 : of or belonging to chaos
2 : in a state of or marked by chaos : completely confused or disordered *objects T piled up in a chaotic profusion?David Sylvester* *a chaotic battle ground?Marion Wilhelm* *a chaotic mind*
129
characteristic
[,kærəktə'ristik] adj. 典型的；特有的；表示特性的
n. 特征；特性；特色
Noun.1 : a distinguishing trait, quality, or property
2 : the integral part of a common logarithm
3 : the smallest positive integer n which for an operation in a ring or field yields 0 when any element is used n times with the operation
Adj. : revealing, distinguishing, or typical of an individual character
130
characterize
['kærəktəraiz] vt. 描绘…的特性；具有…的特征
vi. 塑造人物
vt.1 : to describe the character or quality of *characterizes him as ambitious*
2 : to be a characteristic of : DISTINGUISH *an era characterized by greed*
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charismatic
[,kæriz'mætik] adj. 超凡魅力的；神赐能力的
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or constituting charisma or charism *charismatic gifts*
2 : having, exhibiting, or based on charisma or charism *charismatic sects* *a charismatic leader*
Noun.: a member of a religious group or movement that stresses the seeking of direct divine inspiration and charisms (as glossolalia or healing)
132
charitable
['tʃærətəbl] adj. 慈善事业的；慷慨的，仁慈的；宽恕的
Adj.1 : full of love for and goodwill toward others : BENEVOLENT
2 a : liberal in benefactions to the needy : GENEROUS b : of or relating to charity *charitable institutions*
3 : merciful or kind in judging others : LENIENT
133
charlatan
['ʃɑ:lətən] n. 吹牛者；江湖医生
adj. 骗人的
Noun.1 : QUACK 2
2 : one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or ability : FRAUD, FAKER
134
chart
[tʃɑ:t] n. 图表；海图；图纸
vt. 绘制…的图表；在海图上标出；详细计划
Noun.1 : MAP: as a : an outline map exhibiting something (as climatic or magnetic variations) in its geographical aspects b : a map for the use of navigators
2 a : a sheet giving information in tabular form b : GRAPH c : DIAGRAM d : a sheet of paper ruled and graduated for use in a recording instrument e : a record of medical information about a patient f : a listing by rank (as of sales) ? usually used in plural *number one on the charts ?Tim Cahill*
3 : a musical arrangement; also : a part in such an arrangement
transitive verb
1 : to lay out a plan for *chart a course*
2 : to make a map or chart of *chart the coastline*
3 : CHRONICLE *the book charts the last years of his life*
intransitive verb : to be ranked on a chart *the song charted for three months*
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charter
['tʃɑ'tə] vt. 特许；包租；发给特许执照
n. 宪章；执照；特许状
Noun.1 : a written instrument or contract (as a deed) executed in due form
2 a : a grant or guarantee of rights, franchises, or privileges from the sovereign power of a state or country b : a written instrument that creates and defines the franchises of a city, educational institution, or corporation c : CONSTITUTION
3 : a written instrument from the authorities of a society creating a lodge or branch
4 : a special privilege, immunity, or exemption
5 : a mercantile lease of a ship or some principal part of it
6 : a charter travel arrangement
vt.1 a : to establish, enable, or convey by charter b British : CERTIFY *a chartered mechanical engineer*
2 : to hire, rent, or lease for usually exclusive and temporary use *chartered a boat for deep-sea fishing*
synonyms see HIRE
Adj.: of, relating to, or being a travel arrangement in which transportation (as a bus or plane) is hired by and for one specific group of people *a charter flight*
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chary
['tʃεəri] adj. 谨慎的；仔细的；吝啬的；怕羞的
Adj.1 archaic : DEAR, TREASURED
2 : discreetly cautious: as a : hesitant and vigilant about dangers and risks b : slow to grant, accept, or expend *a person very chary of compliments*
synonyms see CAUTIOUS
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chastisement
[tʃæ'staizmənt] n. 惩罚
| Noun.: the action, an act, or the means of chastising; especially : PUNISHMENT
138
chip
[tʃip] vt. 削，凿；削成碎片
vi. 剥落；碎裂
n. 芯片；筹码；碎片
Noun.1 a : a small usually thin and flat piece (as of wood or stone) cut, struck, or flaked off b : a small piece of food: as (1) : a small thin slice of food; especially : POTATO CHIP (2) : FRENCH FRY (3) : a small cone-shaped bit of food often used for baking *chocolate chips*
2 : something small, worthless, or trivial
3 a : one of the counters used as a token for money in poker and other games b plural : MONEY ? used especially in the phrase in the chips c : something valuable that can be used for advantage in negotiation or trade *a bargaining chip*
4 : a piece of dried dung ? usually used in combination *cow chip*
5 : a flaw left after a chip has been broken off
6 a : INTEGRATED CIRCUIT b : a small wafer of semiconductor material that forms the base for an integrated circuit
7 : CHIP SHOT 1
transitive verb
1 a : to cut or hew with an edged tool b (1) : to cut or break (a small piece) from something (2) : to cut or break a fragment from *chip a tooth* (3) : to cut into chips *chip a tree stump*
2 British : CHAFF, BANTER
3 : to hit (a return in tennis) with backspin
intransitive verb
1 : to break off in small pieces
2 : to play a chip shot
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chivalrous
['ʃivəlrəs] adj. 侠义的；骑士的；有武士风度的
Adj.1 : VALIANT
2 : of, relating to, or characteristic of chivalry and knight-errantry
3 a : marked by honor, generosity, and courtesy b : marked by gracious courtesy and high-minded consideration especially to women
synonyms see CIVIL
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choppy
['tʃɔpi] adj. 波涛汹涌的；波浪起伏的；不断改变方向的
Adj.1 : being roughened : CHAPPED
2 : rough with small waves
3 a : interrupted by ups and downs *choppy terrain* *a choppy career* b : JERKY *short choppy strides* c : DISCONNECTED *choppy writing*
Adj. : CHANGEABLE, VARIABLE *a choppy wind*
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chorale
[kɔ'rɑ:l] n. 赞美诗
Noun.1 : a hymn or psalm sung to a traditional or composed melody in church; also : a harmonization of a chorale melody *a Bach chorale*
2 : CHORUS, CHOIR
142
choreographic
[,kɔrɪə'græfɪk] adj. 舞台舞蹈的；舞蹈术的
| Adj. : of, belonging to, or concerned with choreography
143
chorus
['kɔ:rəs] n. 合唱队；齐声；歌舞队
vt. 合唱；异口同声地说
vi. 合唱；异口同声地说话
Noun.1 a : a company of singers and dancers acting as a unit and in the developed Athenian drama acting as participants in or commenters on the action; also : a similar company in later plays imitating or adapted from Greek models b : a character in the Elizabethan drama who speaks the prologue and epilogue and comments on the action c : an organized company of singers who sing in concert : CHOIR; specifically : a body of singers who sing choral parts (as in opera) ? distinguished from soloist d : a company of singers who join a soloist in singing a refrain e : a group of dancers and usually singers supporting the featured players in a musical comedy or revue
2 : something suitable for or intended for performance by a choral group: as a : a part of a song or hymn recurring at intervals (as the refrain at the end of stanzas) b : the part of a drama sung or spoken by the chorus, typically consisting in Greek drama of a series of odes for antiphonal singing interspersed between the scenes of the play c : a composition usually of two or more parts in harmony intended to be sung by a number of voices in concert *a double chorus of eight parts* d : the main or characteristic part of a popular song as distinguished from the introductory verse
Noun.1 a : a company of singers and dancers in Athenian drama participating in or commenting on the action; also : a similar company in later plays b : a character in Elizabethan drama who speaks the prologue and epilogue and comments on the action c : an organized company of singers who sing in concert : CHOIR; especially : a body of singers who sing the choral parts of a work (as in opera) d : a group of dancers and singers supporting the featured players in a musical comedy or revue
2 a : a part of a song or hymn recurring at intervals b : the part of a drama sung or spoken by the chorus c : a composition to be sung by a number of voices in concert d : the main part of a popular song; also : a jazz variation on a melodic theme
3 a : something performed, sung, or uttered simultaneously or unanimously by a number of persons or animals *a chorus of boos* *that eternal chorus of: *Are we there yet?* from the back seat ?Sheila More* b : sounds so uttered *visitors are taken to the woods by car to hear the mournful choruses of howling wolves ?Bob Gaines*
vt. : to sing or utter in chorus
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chromatic
[krəu'mætik] adj. 彩色的；色品的；易染色的
Noun.: ACCIDENTAL 2
Adj.1 a : of or relating to color or color phenomena or sensations b : highly colored
2 : of or relating to chroma
3 a : of, relating to, or giving all the tones of the chromatic scale b : characterized by frequent use of accidentals
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chromosome
['krəuməsəum] n. 染色体（形容词chromosomal，副词chromosomally）
Noun. : any of the rod-shaped or threadlike DNA-containing structures of cellular organisms that are located in the nucleus of eukaryotes, are usually ring-shaped in prokaryotes (as bacteria), and contain all or most of the genes of the organism; also : the genetic material of a virus ? compare CHROMATIN
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chronological
[,krɔnə'lɔdʒikəl] adj. 按年代顺序排列的；依时间前后排列而记载的
Adj. : of, relating to, or arranged in or according to the order of time *chronological tables of American history*; also : reckoned in units of time *chronological age*
147
chubby
['tʃʌbi] adj. 圆胖的，丰满的
| Adj. : PLUMP *a chubby boy*
148
circuitous
[sə'kju:itəs] adj. 迂曲的；绕行的；迂回线路的
Adj.1 : having a circular or winding course *a circuitous route*
2 : not being forthright or direct in language or action *a circuitous explanation*
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circulate
['sə:kjuleit] vi. 传播，流传；循环；流通
vt. 使循环；使流通；使传播
Intransitive verb
1 : to move in a circle, circuit, or orbit; especially : to follow a course that returns to the starting point *blood circulates through the body*
2 : to pass from person to person or place to place: as a : to flow without obstruction b : to become well-known or widespread *rumors circulated through the town* c : to go from group to group at a social gathering d : to come into the hands of readers; specifically : to become sold or distributed
transitive verb : to cause to circulate
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circulation
[,sə:kju'leiʃən] n. 流通，传播；循环；发行量
Noun.1 : orderly movement through a circuit; especially : the movement of blood through the vessels of the body induced by the pumping action of the heart
2 : FLOW
3 a : passage or transmission from person to person or place to place; especially : the interchange of currency *coins in circulation* b : the extent of dissemination: as (1) : the average number of copies of a publication sold over a given period (2) : the total number of items borrowed from a library
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circumlocution
[,sə:kəmlə'kju:ʃən] n. 婉转曲折的说法，累赘的陈述；遁辞
Noun.1 : the use of an unnecessarily large number of words to express an idea
2 : evasion in speech
