L17 Flashcards
(149 cards)
2
Q
redirect
A
[,ri:di’rekt, -dai-] vt. 使改方向；重新寄送
adj. [律]再直接的
n. [律]再直接询问
vt. : to change the course or direction of
3
Q
redistribution
A
[,ri:distri’bju:ʃən] n. 重新分配
Transitive verb.1 : to alter the distribution of : REALLOCATE
2 : to spread to other areas
4
Q
redundant
A
[ri’dʌndənt] adj. 多余的，过剩的；[主英]被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的
Adj.1 a : exceeding what is necessary or normal : SUPERFLUOUS b : characterized by or containing an excess; specifically : using more words than necessary c : characterized by similarity or repetition a group of particularly redundant brick buildings d chiefly British : no longer needed for a job and hence laid off
2 : PROFUSE, LAVISH
3 : serving as a duplicate for preventing failure of an entire system (as a spacecraft) upon failure of a single component
5
Q
reenact
A
[,ri:i’nækt, -e’n-] vt. 重新制定；再扮演；再制定
vt.1 : to enact (as a law) again
2 : to act or perform again
3 : to repeat the actions of (an earlier event or incident)
6
Q
reexamination
A
[‘riːɪɡ,zæmɪ’neɪʃən] n. 再检查，再调查；重考
Prefix.1 : again : anew retell
2 : back : backward recall
7
Q
referent
A
[‘refərənt] n. 指示物；指示对象
Noun. : one that refers or is referred to; especially : the thing that a symbol (as a word or sign) stands for
8
Q
reflective
A
[ri’flektiv] adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的
Adj.1 : capable of reflecting light, images, or sound waves
2 : marked by reflection : THOUGHTFUL, DELIBERATIVE
3 : of, relating to, or caused by reflection reflective glare
4 : REFLEXIVE 3
5 : reflecting something : INDICATIVE how fashion is reflective of society ?Glenda Bailey
9
Q
refractory
A
[ri’fræktəri] adj. 难治的；难熔的；不听话的
n. 倔强的人；耐火物质
Adj.1 : resisting control or authority : STUBBORN, UNMANAGEABLE
2 a : resistant to treatment or cure a refractory lesion b : unresponsive to stimulus c : IMMUNE, INSUSCEPTIBLE after recovery they were refractory to infection
3 : difficult to fuse, corrode, or draw out; especially : capable of enduring high temperature
10
Q
refrain
A
[,ri:’frein] vi. 节制，克制；避免；制止
n. 叠句，副歌；重复
Verb.transitive verb archaic : CURB, RESTRAIN
intransitive verb : to keep oneself from doing, feeling, or indulging in something and especially from following a passing impulse refrained from having dessert
n.: a regularly recurring phrase or verse especially at the end of each stanza or division of a poem or song : CHORUS; also : the musical setting of a refrain
11
Q
refrigerate
A
[ri’fridʒəreit, ri:-] vt. 冷藏，冷冻；使冷却；使清凉
vt. : to make or keep cold or cool; specifically : to freeze or chill (as food) for preservation
12
Q
regale
A
[ri’ɡeil, ri:-] vt. 盛情款待
vi. 享用；享受
n. 款待
Transitive verb
1 : to entertain sumptuously : feast with delicacies
2 : to give pleasure or amusement to regaled us with tall tales
intransitive verb : to feast oneself : FEED
Noun.1 : a sumptuous feast
2 : a choice piece especially of food
13
Q
regenerate
A
[ri’dʒenəreit, ri:-] vt. 使再生；革新
vi. 再生；革新
adj. 再生的；革新的
Adj.1 : formed or created again
2 : spiritually reborn or converted
3 : restored to a better, higher, or more worthy state
intransitive verb
1 : to become formed again
2 : to become regenerate : REFORM
3 : to undergo regeneration
transitive verb
1 a : to subject to spiritual regeneration b : to change radically and for the better
2 a : to generate or produce anew; especially : to replace (a body part) by a new growth of tissue b : to produce again chemically sometimes in a physically changed form
3 : to restore to original strength or properties
Noun.: one that is regenerated: as a : an individual who is spiritually reborn b (1) : an organism that has undergone regeneration (2) : a regenerated body part
14
Q
regimental
A
[,redʒi’mentəl] adj. 团的
n. 团；军服
Adj.1 : of or relating to a regiment
2 : AUTHORITATIVE, DICTATORIAL
15
Q
regressive
A
[ri’ɡresiv] adj. 回归的；后退的；退化的
Adj.1 : tending to regress or produce regression
2 : being, characterized by, or developing in the course of an evolutionary process involving increasing simplification of bodily structure
3 : decreasing in rate as the base increases a regressive tax
16
Q
regretfully
A
[rɪ’ɡrɛtfəli] adv. 懊悔地，遗憾地；抱歉地
Adv.1 : with regret
2 : it is to be regretted
17
Q
regulatory
A
[‘reɡjulətəri] adj. 管理的；控制的；调整的
vt.1 a : to govern or direct according to rule b (1) : to bring under the control of law or constituted authority (2) : to make regulations for or concerning regulate the industries of a country
2 : to bring order, method, or uniformity to regulate one’s habits
3 : to fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of regulate the pressure of a tire
18
Q
rehabilitate
A
[,ri:hə’biliteit] vt. 使康复；使恢复名誉；使恢复原状
vi. 复兴；复权；恢复正常生活
vt.1 a : to restore to a former capacity : REINSTATE b : to restore to good repute : reestablish the good name of
2 a : to restore to a former state (as of efficiency, good management, or solvency) rehabilitate slum areas b : to restore or bring to a condition of health or useful and constructive activity
19
Q
reigning
A
[‘reiniŋ] adj. 统治的；在位的；本届的；起支配作用的
v. 统治；支配；盛行（reign的ing形式）
Intransitive verb.1 a : to possess or exercise sovereign power : RULE b : to hold office as chief of state although possessing little governing power in England the sovereign reigns but does not rule
2 : to exercise authority in the manner of a monarch
3 : to be predominant or prevalent chaos reigned in the classroom
20
Q
reimburse
A
[,ri:im’bə:s] vt. 偿还；赔偿
vt.1 : to pay back to someone : REPAY reimburse travel expenses
2 : to make restoration or payment of an equivalent to reimburse him for his traveling expenses
21
Q
reinstate
A
[,ri:in’steit] vt. 使恢复；使复原
vt.1 : to place again (as in possession or in a former position)
2 : to restore to a previous effective state
22
Q
reiterate
A
[ri:’itəreit] vt. 重申；反复地做
vt. : to state or do over again or repeatedly sometimes with wearying effect
23
Q
rekindle
A
[,ri:’kindl] vi. 重新点燃
vt. 重新点燃；再点火
Prefix.1 : again : anew retell
2 : back : backward recall
24
Q
relegate
A
[‘reliɡeit] vt. 把降低到；归入；提交
vt.1 : to send into exile : BANISH
2 : ASSIGN: as a : to assign to a place of insignificance or of oblivion : put out of sight or mind b : to assign to an appropriate place or situation on the basis of classification or appraisal c : to submit to someone or something for appropriate action : DELEGATE d : to transfer (a sports team) to a lower ranking division
25
Q
relent
A
[ri'lent] vi. 变温和，变宽厚；减弱；缓和 vt. 使变温和；减轻 v. 再借给（relend的过去分词） Intransitive verb 1 a : to become less severe, harsh, or strict usually from reasons of humanity b : to cease resistance : GIVE IN 2 : LET UP, SLACKEN transitive verb , obsolete : SOFTEN, MOLLIFY synonyms see YIELD
26
relentless
[ri'lentlis] adj. 无情的；残酷的；不间断的
Adj. : showing or promising no abatement of severity, intensity, strength, or pace : UNRELENTING *relentless pressure* *a relentless campaign*
27
relevance
['relivəns] n. 关联；适当；中肯
Noun.1 a : relation to the matter at hand b : practical and especially social applicability : PERTINENCE *giving relevance to college courses*
2 : the ability (as of an information retrieval system) to retrieve material that satisfies the needs of the user
28
reliable
[ri'laiəbl] adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
n. 可靠的人
Adj. : suitable or fit to be relied on : DEPENDABLE
2 : giving the same result on successive trials
Noun. : one that is reliable
29
relieve
[ri'li:v] vt. 解除，减轻；使不单调乏味；换…的班；解围；使放心
Transitive verb
1 a : to free from a burden : give aid or help to b : to set free from an obligation, condition, or restriction c : to ease of a burden, wrong, or oppression by judicial or legislative interposition
2 a : to bring about the removal or alleviation of : MITIGATE *helps relieve stress* b : ROB, DEPRIVE *relieved us of our belongings*
3 a : to release from a post, station, or duty b : to take the place of *will relieve the starting pitcher*
4 : to remove or lessen the monotony of *a park relieves the urban landscape*
5 a : to set off by contrast b : to raise in relief
6 : to discharge the bladder or bowels of (oneself)
intransitive verb
1 : to bring or give relief
2 : to stand out in relief
3 : to serve as a relief pitcher
30
relieved
[ri'li:vd] adj. 放心的
v. 减轻；解除（relieve的过去分词）
Adj. : experiencing or showing relief especially from anxiety or pent-up emotions
31
religion
[ri'lidʒən] n. 宗教；宗教信仰
Noun.1 a : the state of a religious *a nun in her 20th year of religion* b (1) : the service and worship of God or the supernatural (2) : commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance
2 : a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices
3 archaic : scrupulous conformity : CONSCIENTIOUSNESS
4 : a cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with ardor and faith
32
relinquish
[ri'liŋkwiʃ] vt. 放弃；放手；让渡
vt.1 : to withdraw or retreat from : leave behind
2 : GIVE UP *relinquish a title*
3 a : to stop holding physically : RELEASE *slowly relinquished his grip on the bar* b : to give over possession or control of : YIELD *few leaders willingly relinquish power*
33
relish
['reliʃ] n. 滋味；风味；食欲；开胃小菜；含义
vt. 品味；喜爱；给…加佐料
vi. 有特定意味；味道可口
noun.1 : characteristic flavor; especially : pleasing or zestful flavor
2 : a quantity just sufficient to flavor or characterize : TRACE
3 a : enjoyment of or delight in something that satisfies one's tastes, inclinations, or desires *eat with great relish* b : a strong liking : INCLINATION *has little relish for sports*
4 a : something adding a zestful flavor; especially : a condiment (as of pickles or green tomatoes) eaten with other food to add flavor b : APPETIZER, HORS D'OEUVRE
transitive verb
1 : to add relish to
2 : to be pleased or gratified by : ENJOY
3 : to eat or drink with pleasure
4 : to appreciate with taste and discernment
intransitive verb : to have a characteristic or pleasing taste
34
reluctance
[ri'lʌktəns] n. [电]磁阻；勉强；不情愿
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being reluctant
2 : the opposition offered in a magnetic circuit to magnetic flux; specifically : the ratio of the magnetic potential difference to the corresponding flux
35
remarkable
[ri'mɑ:kəbl] adj. 卓越的；非凡的；值得注意的
Adj.: worthy of being or likely to be noticed especially as being uncommon or extraordinary
synonyms see NOTICEABLE
36
reminiscent
```
[remɪ'nɪs(ə)nt] n. 回忆录作者；回忆者
adj. 怀旧的，回忆往事的；耽于回想的
Adj.1 : of the character of or relating to reminiscence
2 : marked by or given to reminiscence
3 : tending to remind : SUGGESTIVE
```
37
remiss
[ri'mis] adj. 怠慢的；迟缓的；不小心的
Adj.1 : negligent in the performance of work or duty : CARELESS
2 : showing neglect or inattention : LAX
synonyms see NEGLIGENT
38
remorse
[ri'mɔ:s] n. 懊悔；同情
Noun.1 : a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for past wrongs : SELF-REPROACH
2 obsolete : COMPASSION
synonyms see PENITENCE
39
remorselessly
[ri'mɔ:slisli] adv. 无悔意地；冷酷地
Adj.1 : having no remorse : MERCILESS
2 : RELENTLESS
40
remote
[ri'məut] adj. 遥远的；偏僻的；疏远的
n. 远程
Adj.1 : separated by an interval or space greater than usual *an involucre remote from the flower*
2 : far removed in space, time, or relation : DIVERGENT *the remote past* *comments remote from the truth*
3 : OUT-OF-THE-WAY, SECLUDED *a remote cabin in the hills*
4 : acting, acted on, or controlled indirectly or from a distance *remote computer operation*; also : relating to the acquisition of information about a distant object (as by radar or photography) without coming into physical contact with it *remote sensing*
5 : not arising from a primary or proximate action
6 : small in degree : SLIGHT *a remote possibility* *hadn't the remotest idea of what was going on*
7 : distant in manner : ALOOF
Noun.1 : a radio or television program or a portion of a program originating outside the studio
2 : REMOTE CONTROL 2
41
remoteness
[ri'məutnis] n. 遥远；偏僻；细微；时间久远
| Noun.: the quality or state of being remote
42
remunerative
[rɪ'mjuːn(ə)rətɪv] adj. 有利可图的；有报酬的；合算的
Adj.1 : serving to remunerate
2 : providing remuneration : PROFITABLE
43
render
['rendə] vt. 致使；提出；实施；着色；以…回报
vi. 给予补偿
n. 打底；交纳；粉刷
Transitive verb
1 a : to melt down *render suet*; also : to extract by melting *render lard* b : to treat so as to convert into industrial fats and oils or fertilizer
2 a : to transmit to another : DELIVER b : GIVE UP, YIELD c : to furnish for consideration, approval, or information: as (1) : to hand down (a legal judgment) (2) : to agree on and report (a verdict)
3 a : to give in return or retribution b (1) : GIVE BACK, RESTORE (2) : REFLECT, ECHO c : to give in acknowledgment of dependence or obligation : PAY d : to do (a service) for another
4 a (1) : to cause to be or become : MAKE *enough rainfallTto render irrigation unnecessary ?P. E. James* *rendered him helpless* (2) : IMPART b (1) : to reproduce or represent by artistic or verbal means : DEPICT (2) : to give a performance of (3) : to produce a copy or version of *the documents are rendered in the original French* (4) : to execute the motions of *render a salute* c : TRANSLATE
5 : to direct the execution of : ADMINISTER *render justice*
6 : to apply a coat of plaster or cement directly to
intransitive verb : to give recompense
Noun. : a return especially in goods or services due from a feudal tenant to his lord
44
renegade
['reniɡeid] n. 叛徒；变节者；脱党者
vi. 背叛；脱离
adj. 叛徒的；背弃的；脱离的
Noun.1 : a deserter from one faith, cause, or allegiance to another
2 : an individual who rejects lawful or conventional behavior
Intransitive verb. : to become a renegade
Adj.1 : having deserted a faith, cause, or religion for a hostile one
2 : having rejected tradition : UNCONVENTIONAL
45
renewal
[ri'nju:əl] n. 更新，恢复；复兴；补充；革新；续借；重申
Noun.1 : the act or process of renewing : REPETITION
2 : the quality or state of being renewed
3 : something (as a subscription to a magazine) renewed
4 : something used for renewing; specifically : an expenditure that betters existing fixed assets
5 : the rebuilding of a large area (as of a city) by a public authority
46
renounce
[ri'nauns] vt. 宣布放弃；与…断绝关系；垫牌
vi. [律]放弃权利；垫牌
n. 垫牌
Transitive verb
1 : to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal declaration *renounce his errors*
2 : to refuse to follow, obey, or recognize any further : REPUDIATE *renounce the authority of the church*
intransitive verb
1 : to make a renunciation
2 : to fail to follow suit in a card game
synonyms see ABDICATE, ABJURE
47
renown
```
[ri'naun] n. 声誉；名望
vt. 使有声望
Noun.1 : a state of being widely acclaimed and highly honored : FAME
2 obsolete : REPORT, RUMOR
vt. : to give renown to
```
48
renowned
[ri'naund] adj. 著名的；有声望的
v. 使有声誉（renown的过去分词）
Adj. : having renown : CELEBRATED
synonyms see FAMOUS
49
reparable
['repərəbl] adj. 可修缮的；可补偿的；可挽回的
| Adj.: capable of being repaired
50
reparation
[,repə'reiʃən] n. 赔偿；修理；赔款
Noun.1 a : a repairing or keeping in repair b plural : REPAIRS
2 a : the act of making amends, offering expiation, or giving satisfaction for a wrong or injury b : something done or given as amends or satisfaction
3 : the payment of damages : INDEMNIFICATION; specifically : compensation in money or materials payable by a defeated nation for damages to or expenditures sustained by another nation as a result of hostilities with the defeated nation ? usually used in plural
51
repeal
[ri'pi:l] vt. 废除；撤销；废止；放弃；否定
n. 废除；撤销
vt.1 : to rescind or annul by authoritative act; especially : to revoke or abrogate by legislative enactment
2 : ABANDON, RENOUNCE
3 obsolete : to summon to return : RECALL
52
repel
[ri'pel] vt. 击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快
Transitive verb
1 a : to drive back : REPULSE b : to fight against : RESIST
2 : TURN AWAY, REJECT *repelled the insinuation*
3 a : to drive away : DISCOURAGE *foul words and frowns must not repel a lover ?Shakespeare* b : to be incapable of adhering to, mixing with, taking up, or holding c : to force away or apart or tend to do so by mutual action at a distance
4 : to cause aversion in : DISGUST
intransitive verb : to cause aversion
53
repellent
[ri'pelənt] adj. 排斥的；防水的；弹回的；令人讨厌的
n. 防护剂；防水布；排斥力
Adj.1 : serving or tending to drive away or ward off ? often used in combination *a mosquito-repellent spray*
2 : arousing aversion or disgust : REPULSIVE
Noun. : something that repels; especially : a substance that repels insects
54
repertoire
['repətwɑ:] n. 全部节目；计算机指令系统；（美）某人或机器的全部技能
Noun.1 a : a list or supply of dramas, operas, pieces, or parts that a company or person is prepared to perform b : a supply of skills, devices, or expedients *part of the repertoire of a quarterback*; broadly : AMOUNT, SUPPLY *an endless repertoire of summer clothes* c : a list or supply of capabilities *the instruction repertoire of a computer*
2 a : the complete list or supply of dramas, operas, or musical works available for performance *our modern orchestral repertoire* b : the complete list or supply of skills, devices, or ingredients used in a particular field, occupation, or practice *the repertoire of literary criticism*
55
repetition
[,repi'tiʃən] n. 重复；背诵；副本
Noun.1 a : the act or an instance of repeating or being repeated b : a motion or exercise (as a push-up) that is repeated and usually counted
2 : MENTION, RECITAL
56
repetitious
[,repi'tiʃəs] adj. 重复的；唠唠叨叨的
| Adj. : characterized or marked by repetition; especially : tediously repeating
57
repetitive
[ri'petətiv] adj. 重复的
Adj.1 : REPETITIOUS
2 : containing repetition
58
replenish
[ri'pleniʃ] vt. 补充，再装满；把…装满；给…添加燃料
Transitive verb
1 a : to fill with persons or animals : STOCK b archaic : to supply fully : PERFECT c : to fill with inspiration or power : NOURISH
2 a : to fill or build up again *replenished his glass* b : to make good : REPLACE
intransitive verb : to become full : fill up again
59
replete
```
[ri'pli:t] adj. 充满的；装满的
n. 贮蜜蚁
Adj.1 : fully or abundantly provided or filled *a book replete withTdelicious details ?William Safire*
2 a : abundantly fed b : FAT, STOUT
3 : COMPLETE
synonyms see FULL
```
60
replicate
['replikit, 'replikeit] vt. 复制；折叠
vi. 重复；折转
adj. 复制的；折叠的
n. 复制品；八音阶间隔的反覆音
Transitive verb : DUPLICATE, REPEAT *replicate a statistical experiment* *replicated his mentor's writing style*
intransitive verb : to undergo replication : produce a replica of itself *virus particles replicating in cells*
Adj. : MANIFOLD, REPEATED
Noun. : one of several identical experiments, procedures, or samples
61
reportorial
[,repə'tɔ:riəl] adj. 记者的；报告的
Noun.: one that reports: as a : a person who makes authorized statements of law decisions or legislative proceedings b : a person who makes a shorthand record of a speech or proceeding c (1) : a person employed by a newspaper, magazine, or television company to gather and report news (2) : a person who broadcasts news
62
reprehensible
[,repri'hensəbl] adj. 应斥责的；应该谴责的
| Adj. : worthy of or deserving reprehension : CULPABLE
63
represent
[,repri'zent] vt. 代表；表现；描绘；回忆；再赠送
vi. 代表；提出异议
Transitive verb
1 : to bring clearly before the mind : PRESENT *a book which represents the character of early America*
2 : to serve as a sign or symbol of *the flag represents our country*
3 : to portray or exhibit in art : DEPICT
4 : to serve as the counterpart or image of : TYPIFY *a movie hero who represents the ideals of the culture*
5 a : to produce on the stage b : to act the part or role of
6 a (1) : to take the place of in some respect (2) : to act in the place of or for usually by legal right (3) : to manage the legal and business affairs of *athletes represented by top lawyers and agents* b : to serve especially in a legislative body by delegated authority usually resulting from election
7 : to describe as having a specified character or quality *represents himself as a friend*
8 a : to give one's impression and judgment of : state in a manner intended to affect action or judgment b : to point out in protest or remonstrance
9 : to serve as a specimen, example, or instance of
10 a : to form an image or representation of in the mind b (1) : to apprehend (an object) by means of an idea (2) : to recall in memory
11 : to correspond to in essence : CONSTITUTE
intransitive verb
1 : to make representations against something : PROTEST
2 slang : to perform a task or duty admirably : serve as an outstanding example
64
repress
[ri'pres] vt. 抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束
vi. 抑制；镇压
Transitive verb
1 a : to check by or as if by pressure : CURB *injustice was repressed* b : to put down by force : SUBDUE *repress a disturbance*
2 a : to hold in by self-control *repressed a laugh* b : to prevent the natural or normal expression, activity, or development of *repressed her anger*
3 : to exclude from consciousness *repressed the memory of abuse*
4 : to inactivate (a gene or formation of a gene product) by allosteric combination at a DNA binding site
intransitive verb : to take repressive action
65
repressive
[ri'presiv] adj. 镇压的；压抑的；抑制的
Adj.: having power or tending to repress : causing or intended to cause repression *repressive measures* *repressive taxation* *repressive policy*
66
reprimand
['reprimɑ:nd, repri'm-, -mænd, -'mænd] n. 谴责；训斥；申诉
vt. 谴责；训斥；责难
Noun. : a severe or formal reproof
vt.: to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a position of authority
synonyms see REPROVE
67
reprisal
[ri'praizəl] n. 报复（行为）；报复性劫掠
Noun.1 a : the act or practice in international law of resorting to force short of war in retaliation for damage or loss suffered b : an instance of such action
2 obsolete : PRIZE
3 : the regaining of something (as by recapture)
4 : something (as a sum of money) given or paid in restitution ? usually used in plural
5 : a retaliatory act
68
reproach
[ri'prəutʃ] n. 责备；耻辱
vt. 责备；申斥
Noun.1 : an expression of rebuke or disapproval
2 : the act or action of reproaching or disapproving *was beyond reproach*
3 a : a cause or occasion of blame, discredit, or disgrace b : DISCREDIT, DISGRACE
4 obsolete : one subjected to censure or scorn
vt.1 : to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of amendment
2 : to make (something) a matter of reproach
3 : to bring into discredit
synonyms see REPROVE
69
repudiate
[ri'pju:dieit] vt. 拒绝；否定；批判；与…断绝关系；拒付
vt.1 : to divorce or separate formally from (a woman)
2 : to refuse to have anything to do with : DISOWN
3 a : to refuse to accept; especially : to reject as unauthorized or as having no binding force *repudiate a contract* b : to reject as untrue or unjust *repudiate a charge*
4 : to refuse to acknowledge or pay *repudiate a debt*
synonyms see DECLINE
70
repudiation
[ri,pju:di'eiʃən] n. 否认，拒绝；抛弃，断绝关系
Noun. : the act of repudiating : the state of being repudiated; especially : the refusal of public authorities to acknowledge or pay a debt
71
repugnance
[ri'pʌɡnəns] n. 反感；厌恶；不一致，抵触
Noun.1 a : the quality or fact of being contradictory or inconsistent b : an instance of such contradiction or inconsistency
2 : strong dislike, distaste, or antagonism
72
repugnant
[ri'pʌɡnənt] adj. 讨厌的；矛盾的；敌对的
Adj.1 : INCOMPATIBLE, INCONSISTENT
2 archaic : HOSTILE
3 : exciting distaste or aversion *repugnant language* *a morally repugnant practice*
73
repulse
[ri'pʌls] vt. 拒绝；驱逐；憎恶
n. 拒绝；击退
vt.1 : to drive or beat back : REPEL
2 : to repel by discourtesy, coldness, or denial
3 : to cause repulsion in
Noun.1 : REBUFF, REJECTION
2 : the action of repelling an attacker : the fact of being repelled
74
repute
[ri'pju:t] n. 名誉；声望
vt. 名誉；认为；把…称为
vt.: BELIEVE, CONSIDER
Noun.1 : the character or status commonly ascribed to one : REPUTATION
2 : the state of being favorably known, spoken of, or esteemed
75
requisite
['rekwizit] adj. 必备的，必不可少的；需要的
n. 必需品
Adj. : ESSENTIAL, NECESSARY
76
rescind
[ri'sind] vi. 解除；废除；撤回
vt.1 : to take away : REMOVE
2 a : TAKE BACK, CANCEL *refused to rescind the order* b : to abrogate (a contract) and restore the parties to the positions they would have occupied had there been no contract
3 : to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting authority or a superior authority : REPEAL
77
rescue
['reskju:] vt. 营救；援救
n. 营救；援救；解救
vt. : to free from confinement, danger, or evil : SAVE, DELIVER: as a : to take (as a prisoner) forcibly from custody b : to recover (as a prize) by force c : to deliver (as a place under siege) by armed force
78
resemble
[ri'zembl] vt. 类似，像
vt.1 : to be like or similar to *he resembles his father*
2 archaic : to represent as like
79
resent
[ri'zent] vt. 怨恨；愤恨；厌恶
| vt. : to feel or express annoyance or ill will at *resented the implication*
80
resentful
[ri'zentful] adj. 充满忿恨的；厌恶的
Adj.1 : full of resentment : inclined to resent *felt resentful of her success*
2 : caused or marked by resentment *resentful anger*
81
reside
[ri'zaid] vt. 住，居住；属于
Intransitive verb.1 a : to be in residence as the incumbent of a benefice or office b : to dwell permanently or continuously : occupy a place as one's legal domicile
2 a : to be present as an element or quality b : to be vested as a right
82
residential
[,rezi'denʃəl] adj. 住宅的；与居住有关的
Adj.1 a : used as a residence or by residents b : providing living accommodations for students *a residential prep school*
2 : restricted to or occupied by residences *a residential neighborhood*
3 : of or relating to residence or residences
4 : provided to patients residing in a facility *residential drug treatment*; also : being a facility providing such treatment *a residential treatment center*
83
residual
[ri'zidjuəl, -dʒu-] n. 剩余；残渣
adj. 剩余的；残留的
Noun.1 : REMAINDER, RESIDUUM: as a : the difference between results obtained by observation and by computation from a formula or between the mean of several observations and any one of them b : a residual product or substance c : an internal aftereffect of experience or activity that influences later behavior; especially : a disability remaining from a disease or operation
2 : a payment (as to an actor or writer) for each rerun after an initial showing (as of a TV show)
Adj.1 : of, relating to, or constituting a residue
2 : leaving a residue that remains effective for some time *a residual pesticide*
84
resign
[ri'zain] vt. 辞职；放弃；委托；使听从
vi. 辞职
n. 辞去职务
Transitive verb
1 : RELEGATE, CONSIGN; especially : to give (oneself) over without resistance *resigned herself to her fate*
2 : to give up deliberately; especially : to renounce (as a right or position) by a formal act
intransitive verb
1 : to give up one's office or position : QUIT
2 : to accept something as inevitable : SUBMIT
synonyms see RELINQUISH, ABDICATE
85
resignation
[,reziɡ'neiʃən] n. 辞职；放弃；辞职书；顺从
Noun.1 a : an act or instance of resigning something : SURRENDER b : a formal notification of resigning
2 : the quality or state of being resigned : SUBMISSIVENESS
86
resilient
[ri'ziliənt, -jənt] adj. 弹回的，有弹力的
Adj.: characterized or marked by resilience: as a : capable of withstanding shock without permanent deformation or rupture b : tending to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune or change
synonyms see ELASTIC
87
resonant
['rezənənt] adj. 洪亮的，共振的；共鸣的
Adj.1 : continuing to sound : ECHOING
2 a : capable of inducing resonance b : relating to or exhibiting resonance
3 a : intensified and enriched by or as if by resonance *a resonant voice* b : marked by grandiloquence
88
resort
[ri'zɔ:t] n. 凭借，手段；度假胜地；常去之地
vi. 求助，诉诸；常去；采取某手段或方法
Noun.1 a : one that affords aid or refuge : RESOURCE *went to them as a last resort* b : RECOURSE 1a *have resort to outside help*
2 a : frequent, habitual, or general visiting *a place of popular resort* b : persons who frequent a place : THRONG c (1) : a frequently visited place : HAUNT (2) : a place providing recreation and entertainment especially to vacationers
synonyms see RESOURCE
Intransitive verb.1 : to go especially frequently or habitually : REPAIR
2 : to have recourse *resort to force*
89
respect
[ri'spekt] n. 尊敬，尊重；方面；敬意
vt. 尊敬，尊重；遵守
Noun.1 : a relation or reference to a particular thing or situation *remarks having respect to an earlier plan*
2 : an act of giving particular attention : CONSIDERATION
3 a : high or special regard : ESTEEM b : the quality or state of being esteemed c plural : expressions of respect or deference *paid our respects*
4 : PARTICULAR, DETAIL *a good plan in some respects*
vt.1 a : to consider worthy of high regard : ESTEEM b : to refrain from interfering with *please respect their privacy*
2 : to have reference to : CONCERN
synonyms see REGARD
90
respiratory
['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-] adj. 呼吸的
Adj. : of or relating to respiration *respiratory function* : serving for or functioning in respiration *respiratory organs* *respiratory nerves*
91
respite
['respait, -pit, ri'spait] n. 缓解；暂缓；暂时的休息；缓期执行
vt. 使缓解；使暂缓；使延期；缓期执行
Noun.1 : a period of temporary delay
2 : an interval of rest or relief
vt.1 : to grant a respite to
2 : PUT OFF, DELAY
Adj.: providing or being temporary care in relief of a primary caregiver *respite care* *a respite worker*
92
responsive
[ri'spɔnsiv] adj. 响应的；应答的；回答的
Adj.1 : giving response : constituting a response : ANSWERING *a responsive glance* *responsive aggression*
2 : quick to respond or react appropriately or sympathetically : SENSITIVE
3 : using responses *a responsive liturgy*
93
restatement
[ri:'steitmənt] n. 重述；再次声明
Noun.1 : something that is restated
2 : the act of restating
94
restitution
[,resti'tju:ʃən] n. 恢复；赔偿；归还
Noun.1 : an act of restoring or a condition of being restored: as a : a restoration of something to its rightful owner b : a making good of or giving an equivalent for some injury
2 : a legal action serving to cause restoration of a previous state
95
restive
['restiv] adj. 倔强的；难驾御的；不安宁的
Adj.1 : stubbornly resisting control : BALKY
2 : marked by impatience or uneasiness : FIDGETY
synonyms see CONTRARY
96
restoration
[,restə'reiʃən] n. 恢复；复位；王政复辟；归还
Noun.1 : an act of restoring or the condition of being restored: as a : a bringing back to a former position or condition : REINSTATEMENT *the restoration of peace* b : RESTITUTION c : a restoring to an unimpaired or improved condition *the restoration of a painting* d : the replacing of missing teeth or crowns
2 : something that is restored; especially : a representation or reconstruction of the original form (as of a fossil or a building)
3 capitalized a : the reestablishing of the monarchy in England in 1660 under Charles II b : the period in English history usually held to coincide with the reign of Charles II but sometimes to extend through the reign of James II
97
restore
[ri'stɔ:] vt. 恢复；修复；归还
vi. 恢复；还原
vt.1 : GIVE BACK, RETURN
2 : to put or bring back into existence or use
3 : to bring back to or put back into a former or original state : RENEW
4 : to put again in possession of something
synonyms see RENEW
98
restrict
[ri'strikt] vt. 限制；约束；限定
vt.1 : to confine within bounds : RESTRAIN
2 : to place under restrictions as to use or distribution
synonyms see LIMIT
99
resume
[ri'zju:m, -'zu:m] n. 履历；个人简历；摘要
vt. 重新开始；重新获得
vi. 再开始
Transitive verb
1 : to assume or take again : REOCCUPY *resumed his seat by the fire ?Thomas Hardy*
2 : to return to or begin again after interruption *resumed her work*
3 : to take back to oneself
4 : to pick up again
5 : REITERATE, SUMMARIZE
intransitive verb : to begin again something interrupted
Noun.1 : SUMMARY
2 : CURRICULUM VITAE
3 : a set of accomplishments *a musical r*sum**
100
resurge
[ri'sə:dʒ, ri:-] vi. 复活；再起
| Intransitive verb.: to undergo a resurgence
101
resurrect
[,rezə'rekt] vt. 使复活；复兴；挖出
vi. 复活
vt.1 : to raise from the dead
2 : to bring to view, attention, or use again
102
resuscitate
[ri'sʌsiteit] vt. 使复苏；使复兴
vi. 恢复；复兴
Transitive verb : to revive from apparent death or from unconsciousness; also : REVITALIZE
intransitive verb : COME TO, REVIVE
103
retain
[ri'tein] vt. 保持；雇；记住
vt.1 a : to keep in possession or use b : to keep in one's pay or service; specifically : to employ by paying a retainer c : to keep in mind or memory : REMEMBER
2 : to hold secure or intact
synonyms see KEEP
104
retaliate
[ri'tælieit] vi. 报复；回敬
vt. 报复
Transitive verb : to repay (as an injury) in kind
intransitive verb : to return like for like; especially : to get revenge
synonyms see RECIPROCATE
105
retentive
[ri'tentiv] adj. 保持的；记性好的
Adj. : having the power, property, or capacity of retaining *soils retentive of moisture*; especially : retaining knowledge easily *a retentive memory*
106
reticent
['retisənt] adj. 沉默的；有保留的；谨慎的
Adj.1 : inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech : RESERVED
2 : restrained in expression, presentation, or appearance *the room has an aspect of reticent dignity ?A. N. Whitehead*
3 : RELUCTANT
synonyms see SILENT
107
retire
[ri'taiə] vi. 退休；撤退；退却
vt. 退休；离开；收回
n. 退休；退隐；退兵信号
Intransitive verb
1 : to withdraw from action or danger : RETREAT
2 : to withdraw especially for privacy *retired to her room*
3 : to move back : RECEDE
4 : to withdraw from one's position or occupation : conclude one's working or professional career
5 : to go to bed
transitive verb
1 : WITHDRAW: as a : to march (a military force) away from the enemy b : to withdraw from circulation or from the market : RECALL *retire a bond* c : to withdraw from usual use or service
2 : to cause to retire from one's position or occupation
3 a : to put out (a batter or batsman) in baseball or cricket b : to cause (a side) to end a turn at bat in baseball
4 : to win permanent possession of (as a trophy)
5 : to pay in full : SETTLE *retire a debt*
108
retract
```
[ri'trækt] vt. 缩回；缩进；取消
vi. 缩回；缩进；撤消
n. 收缩核
Transitive verb
1 : to draw back or in *cats retract their claws*
2 a : TAKE BACK, WITHDRAW *retract a confession* b : DISAVOW
intransitive verb
1 : to draw or pull back
2 : to recant or disavow something
synonyms see ABJURE, RECEDE
```
109
retribution
[,retri'bju:ʃən] n. 报应；惩罚；报答；报偿
Noun.1 : RECOMPENSE, REWARD
2 : the dispensing or receiving of reward or punishment especially in the hereafter
3 : something given or exacted in recompense; especially : PUNISHMENT
110
retrieve
[ri'tri:v] vt. 检索；恢复；重新得到
vi. 找回猎物
n. 检索；恢复，取回
Transitive verb
1 : to locate and bring in (killed or wounded game)
2 : to call to mind again
3 : to get back again : REGAIN
4 a : RESCUE, SALVAGE b : to return (as a ball or shuttlecock that is difficult to reach) successfully
5 : RESTORE, REVIVE *his writing retrieves the past*
6 : to remedy the evil consequences of : CORRECT
7 : to get and bring back; especially : to recover (as information) from storage
intransitive verb : to bring in game *a dog that retrieves well*; also : to bring back an object thrown by a person
Noun.1 : RETRIEVAL
2 : the successful return of a ball that is difficult to reach or control (as in tennis)
111
retrospect
['retrəuspekt] n. 回顾，追溯
vi. 回顾，追溯；回想
vt. 回顾；追忆
Noun.1 archaic : reference to or regard of a precedent or authority
2 : a review of or meditation on past events
Adj. : RETROSPECTIVE
intransitive verb
1 : to engage in retrospection
2 : to refer back : REFLECT
transitive verb : to go back over in thought
112
retrospective
[,retrəu'spektiv] adj. 回顾的；怀旧的；可追溯的
n. 回顾展
Adj.1 a (1) : of, relating to, or given to retrospection (2) : based on memory *a retrospective report* b : being a retrospective *a retrospective exhibition*
2 : affecting things past : RETROACTIVE *retrospective laws*
3 : relating to or being a study (as of a disease) that starts with the present condition of a population of individuals and collects data about their past history to explain their present condition
Noun. : a generally comprehensive exhibition, compilation, or performance of the work of an artist over a span of years; broadly : REVIEW 7a *a retrospective of 20th century haute couture*
113
return
[ri'tə:n] vt. 返回；报答
vi. 返回；报答
n. 返回；归还；回球
adj. 报答的；回程的；返回的
Intransitive verb
1 a : to go back or come back again *return home* b : to go back in thought, practice, or condition : REVERT *soon returned to her old habit*
2 : to pass back to an earlier possessor
3 : REPLY, RETORT
transitive verb
1 a : to give (as an official account) to a superior b British : to elect (a candidate) as attested by official report or returns c : to bring back (as a writ or verdict) to an office or tribunal
2 a : to bring, send, or put back to a former or proper place *return the gun to its holster* b : to restore to a former or to a normal state
3 a : to send back : VISIT ? usually used with on or upon b obsolete : RETORT
4 : to bring in (as profit) : YIELD
5 a : to give or perform in return : REPAY *return a compliment*; also : to respond to in kind *returned his calls* b : to give back to the owner c : REFLECT *return an echo*
6 : to cause (as a wall) to continue in a different direction (as at a right angle)
7 : to lead (a specified suit or specified card of a suit) in response to a partner's earlier lead
8 a : to hit back (a ball or shuttlecock) b : to run with (a football) after a change of possession (as by a punt or a fumble)
synonyms see RECIPROCATE
Noun.1 a : the act of coming back to or from a place or condition b : a regular or frequent returning : RECURRENCE
2 a (1) : the delivery of a legal order (as a writ) to the proper officer or court (2) : an endorsed certificate stating an official's action in the execution of such an order (3) : the sending back of a commission with the certificate of the commissioners b : an account or formal report c (1) : a report of the results of balloting ? usually used in plural *election returns* (2) : an official declaration of the election of a candidate (3) chiefly British : ELECTION d (1) : a formal statement on a required legal form showing taxable income, allowable deductions and exemptions, and the computation of the tax due (2) : a list of taxable property
3 a : the continuation usually at a right angle of the face or of a member of a building or of a molding or group of moldings b : a means for conveying something (as water) back to its starting point
4 a : a quantity of goods, consignment, or cargo coming back in exchange for goods sent out as a mercantile venture b : the value of or profit from such venture c (1) : the profit from labor, investment, or business : YIELD (2) plural : RESULTS d : the rate of profit in a process of production per unit of cost
5 a : the act of returning something to a former place, condition, or ownership : RESTITUTION *the return of stolen goods* b : something returned; especially plural : unsold publications returned to the publisher for cash or credit
6 a : something given in repayment or reciprocation *a return on their years of hard work* b : ANSWER, RETORT
7 : an answering play: as a : a lead in a suit previously led by one's partner in a card game b : the action or an instance of returning a ball (as in football or tennis)
8 chiefly British : ROUND-TRIP
Adj.1 a : having or formed by a change of direction *a return facade* b : doubled on itself *a return flue*
2 a : played, delivered, or given in return *return fire from the enemy* b : taking place for the second time *a return meeting for the two champions*
3 : used or taken on returning *the return road*
4 : returning or permitting return *a return valve*
5 : of, relating to, or causing a return to a place or condition *use the prestamped return envelope*
114
reveal
[ri'vi:l] vt. 显示；透露；揭露；泄露
n. 揭露；暴露；门侧，窗侧
vt.1 : to make known through divine inspiration
2 : to make (something secret or hidden) publicly or generally known *reveal a secret*
3 : to open up to view : DISPLAY *the uncurtained window revealed a cluttered room*
Noun.: the side of an opening (as for a window) between a frame and the outer surface of a wall; also : JAMB
115
revelation
[,revə'leiʃən] n. 启示；揭露；出乎意料的事；被揭露的真相
Noun.1 a : an act of revealing or communicating divine truth b : something that is revealed by God to humans
2 a : an act of revealing to view or making known b : something that is revealed; especially : an enlightening or astonishing disclosure *shocking revelations* c : a pleasant often enlightening surprise *her talent was a revelation*
3 capitalized : an apocalyptic writing addressed to early Christians of Asia Minor and included as a book in the New Testament ? called also Apocalypse ? see BIBLE table
116
reverberate
```
[ri'və:bəreit] vt. 使回响；使反射；使弹回
vi. 回响；反响；弹回；不断发生后效
adj. 回响的；反射的
Transitive verb
1 : REFLECT
2 : REPEL
3 : ECHO
intransitive verb
1 a : to become driven back b : to become reflected
2 : to continue in or as if in a series of echoes : RESOUND *an historic event that still reverberates today*
Adj.: REVERBERANT
```
117
revere
[ri'viə] vt. 敬畏；尊敬；崇敬
vt. : to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as worthy of great honor *revere the aged* *revere tradition*
synonyms REVERE, REVERENCE, VENERATE, WORSHIP, ADORE mean to honor and admire profoundly and respectfully. REVERE stresses deference and tenderness of feeling *a professor revered by her students*. REVERENCE presupposes an intrinsic merit and inviolability in the one honored and a similar depth of feeling in the one honoring *reverenced the academy's code of honor*. VENERATE implies a holding as holy or sacrosanct because of character, association, or age *heroes still venerated*. WORSHIP implies homage usually expressed in words or ceremony *worships their memory*. ADORE implies love and stresses the notion of an individual and personal attachment *we adored our doctor*.
Noun.: REVERS
118
reverential
[revə'renʃ(ə)l] adj. 虔诚的；表示尊敬的；可尊敬的
Adj.1 : expressing or having a quality of reverence *reverential awe*
2 : inspiring reverence
119
reverse
[ri'və:s] n. 背面；相反；倒退；失败
vt. 颠倒；倒转
adj. 反面的；颠倒的；[篮球]反身的
vi. 倒退；[桥牌]逆叫
Adj.1 a : opposite or contrary to a previous or normal condition *reverse order* b (1) : having the back presented to the observer or opponent (2) : made with one's back to the basketball net *a reverse layup*
2 : coming from the rear of a military force
3 : acting, operating, or arranged in a manner contrary to the usual
4 : effecting reverse movement *reverse gear*
5 : so made that the part which normally prints in color appears white against a colored background
transitive verb
1 a : to turn completely about in position or direction b : to turn upside down : INVERT c : to cause to take an opposite point of view *reversed herself on the issue*
2 : NEGATE, UNDO: as a : to overthrow, set aside, or make void (a legal decision) by a contrary decision b : to change to the contrary *reverse a policy* c : to undo or negate the effect of (as a condition or surgical operation) *had his vasectomy reversed*
3 : to cause to go in the opposite direction; especially : to cause (as an engine) to perform its action in the opposite direction
intransitive verb
1 : to turn or move in the opposite direction *the count's waltzingTconsistedTof reversing at top speed ?Agatha Christie*
2 : to put a mechanism (as an engine) in reverse
Noun.1 : something directly contrary to something else : OPPOSITE
2 : an act or instance of reversing; especially : DEFEAT, SETBACK *suffered financial reverses*
3 : the back part of something; especially : the side of a coin or currency note that is opposite the obverse
4 a (1) : a gear that reverses something; also : the whole mechanism brought into play when such a gear is used (2) : movement in reverse b : an offensive play in football in which a back moving in one direction gives the ball to a player moving in the opposite direction
120
reversible
[ri'və:səbl] adj. 可逆的；可撤消的；可反转的
n. 双面布料
Adj.: capable of being reversed or of reversing: as a : capable of going through a series of actions (as changes) either backward or forward *a reversible chemical reaction* b : having two finished usable sides *reversible fabric* c : wearable with either side out *a reversible coat*
Noun.: a reversible cloth or article of clothing
121
revert
[ri'və:t, 'ri:və:t] vi. 回复；重提；返祖遗传；归还
vt. 使回复原状
n. 恢复原状者
Intransitive verb. 1 : to come or go back (as to a former condition, period, or subject)
2 : to return to the proprietor or his or her heirs at the end of a reversion
3 : to return to an ancestral type
122
revile
[ri'vail] vt. 辱骂；斥责
vi. 辱骂；谩骂
Transitive verb : to subject to verbal abuse : VITUPERATE
intransitive verb : to use abusive language : RAIL
synonyms see SCOLD
123
revise
[ri'vaiz, 'ri:vaiz] vt. 修正；复习；校订
vi. 修订；校订；复习功课
n. 修订；校订
Noun.1 : an act of revising : REVISION
2 : a printing proof that incorporates changes marked in a previous proof
transitive verb
1 a : to look over again in order to correct or improve *revise a manuscript* b British : to study again : REVIEW
2 a : to make a new, amended, improved, or up-to-date version of *revise a dictionary* b : to provide with a new taxonomic arrangement *revising the alpine ferns*
intransitive verb , British : REVIEW 1
synonyms see CORRECT
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revitalize
[,ri:'vaitəlaiz] vt. 使…复活；使…复兴；使…恢复生气
| vt.: to give new life or vigor to
125
revival
[ri'vaivəl] n. 复兴；复活；苏醒；恢复精神；再生效
Noun.1 : an act or instance of reviving : the state of being revived: as a : renewed attention to or interest in something b : a new presentation or publication of something old c (1) : a period of renewed religious interest (2) : an often highly emotional evangelistic meeting or series of meetings
2 : restoration of force, validity, or effect (as to a contract)
126
revoke
[ri'vəuk] vt. 撤回，取消；废除
vi. 有牌不跟
n. 有牌不跟
Transitive verb
1 : to annul by recalling or taking back : RESCIND *revoke a will*
2 : to bring or call back
intransitive verb : to fail to follow suit when able in a card game in violation of the rules
Noun.: an act or instance of revoking in a card game
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reward
[ri'wɔ:d] n. 报酬；报答；酬谢
vt. 奖励；奖赏
vt.1 : to give a reward to or for
2 : RECOMPENSE
Noun.1 : something that is given in return for good or evil done or received or that is offered or given for some service or attainment *the police offered a reward for his capture*
2 : a stimulus administered to an organism following a correct or desired response that increases the probability of occurrence of the response
128
rhapsodic
[ræp'sɒdɪk] adj. 狂想曲的；狂热的
Adj.1 : extravagantly emotional : RAPTUROUS
2 : resembling or characteristic of a rhapsody
129
rhetoric
['retərik] n. 修辞，修辞学；华丽的词藻
adj. 花言巧语的
Noun.1 : the art of speaking or writing effectively: as a : the study of principles and rules of composition formulated by critics of ancient times b : the study of writing or speaking as a means of communication or persuasion
2 a : skill in the effective use of speech b : a type or mode of language or speech; also : insincere or grandiloquent language
3 : verbal communication : DISCOURSE
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rhetorical
[ri'tɔrikəl, -'tɔ:-] adj. 修辞的；修辞学的；夸张的
Adj.1 a : of, relating to, or concerned with rhetoric b : employed for rhetorical effect; especially : asked merely for effect with no answer expected *a rhetorical question*
2 a : given to rhetoric : GRANDILOQUENT b : VERBAL
131
rhythmic
['riðmik, 'riθ-] adj. 有节奏的（等于rhythmical）；间歇的；合拍的
n. 韵律论（等于rhythmics）
Adj.1 : marked by or moving in pronounced rhythm
2 : of, relating to, or involving rhythm
132
ribaldry
['ribəldri, 'rai-] n. 猥亵的话；粗俗下流的言语
Noun.1 : a ribald quality or element
2 a : ribald language or humor b : an instance of ribald language or humor
133
ridge
[ridʒ] n. 山脊；山脉；屋脊
vt. 使成脊状；作垄
vi. 成脊状
Noun.1 : an elevated body part or structure
2 a : a range of hills or mountains b : an elongate elevation on an ocean bottom
3 : an elongate crest or a linear series of crests
4 : a raised strip (as of plowed ground)
5 : the line of intersection at the top between the opposite slopes or sides of a roof
transitive verb : to form into a ridge
intransitive verb : to extend in ridges
134
ridicule
['ridikju:l] vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；愚弄
n. 嘲笑；笑柄；愚弄
Noun.: the act of ridiculing : DERISION, MOCKERY
vt. : to make fun of
135
ridiculous
[ri'dikjuləs] adj. 可笑的；荒谬的
Adj. : arousing or deserving ridicule : ABSURD, PREPOSTEROUS
synonyms see LAUGHABLE
136
rift
```
[rift] n. 裂缝；不和；裂口
vt. 使断裂；使分开
vi. 裂开
Noun.1 a : FISSURE, CREVASSE b : FAULT 5
2 : a clear space or interval
3 : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT
intransitive verb : to burst open
transitive verb
1 : CLEAVE, DIVIDE *hills were rifted by the earthquake*
2 : PENETRATE
```
137
righteousness
['raitʃəsnis] n. 正义；正直；公正；正当
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being righteous : conformity to the divine or the moral law : RECTITUDE, UPRIGHTNESS *walking before thee in holiness and righteousness all our days?Book of Com. Prayer* *belief that righteousness lies on the side of T property?H.L.Matthews*
2 obsolete : a righteous act, deed, or quality : righteous conduct *all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags?Isa 64 : 6 (Authorized Version)*
3 : the quality or state of being rightful or just *the righteousness of one's claim*
4 : the state of acceptance with God : a right relationship to God : JUSTIFICATION
138
rigid
['ridʒid] adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的；精确的
Adj.1 a : deficient in or devoid of flexibility *rigid price controls* *a rigid bar of metal* b : appearing stiff and unyielding *his face rigid with pain*
2 a : inflexibly set in opinion b : strictly observed *adheres to a rigid schedule*
3 : firmly inflexible rather than lax or indulgent *a rigid disciplinarian*
4 : precise and accurate in procedure *rigid control of the manufacturing process*
5 of an airship : having the outer shape maintained by a fixed framework
139
rigidity
[ri'dʒidəti] n. 硬度，刚性；严格，刻板；僵化；坚硬
Noun.1 : the quality or state of being rigid
2 : one that is rigid (as in form or conduct)
140
rigorous
['riɡərəs] adj. 严格的，严厉的；严密的；严酷的
Adj.1 : manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor : very strict
2 a : marked by extremes of temperature or climate b : HARSH, SEVERE
3 : scrupulously accurate : PRECISE
synonyms see RIGID
141
rip
[rip] vt. 撕；锯
vi. 裂开，被撕裂
n. 裂口，裂缝
Transitive verb
1 a : to tear or split apart or open b : to saw or split (wood) with the grain
2 : to slash or slit with or as if with a sharp blade
3 : to hit sharply *ripped a double to left field*
4 : to utter violently : spit out *ripped out an oath*
5 : CRITICIZE, DISPARAGE
intransitive verb
1 : to become ripped : REND
2 : to rush headlong *ripped past second base*
synonyms see TEAR
Noun.1 : a rent made by ripping : TEAR
2 : CUT 5b
Noun.1 : a body of water made rough by the meeting of opposing tides, currents, or winds
2 : a current of water roughened by passing over an irregular bottom
3 : RIP CURRENT
Noun.: a dissolute person : LIBERTINE
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ritual
['ritjuəl, -tʃu-] n. 仪式；惯例；礼制
adj. 仪式的；例行的；礼节性的
Adj.1 : of or relating to rites or a ritual : CEREMONIAL *a ritual dance*
2 : according to religious law *ritual purity*
3 : done in accordance with social custom or normal protocol *ritual handshakes* *ritual background checks*
143
rival
['raivəl] n. 对手；竞争者
vt. 与…竞争；比得上某人
vi. 竞争
adj. 竞争的
Noun.1 a : one of two or more striving to reach or obtain something that only one can possess b : one striving for competitive advantage
2 obsolete : COMPANION, ASSOCIATE
3 : one that equals another in desired qualities : PEER
Adj.: having the same pretensions or claims : COMPETING
intransitive verb : to act as a rival : COMPETE
transitive verb
1 : to be in competition with
2 : to strive to equal or excel : EMULATE
3 : to possess qualities or aptitudes that approach or equal (those of another)
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rivalry
['raivəlri] n. 竞争；对抗；竞赛
| Noun.: the act of rivaling : the state of being a rival : COMPETITION
145
rivet
['rivit] n. 铆钉
vt. 铆接；固定；（把目光、注意力等）集中于
Noun. : a headed pin or bolt of metal used for uniting two or more pieces by passing the shank through a hole in each piece and then beating or pressing down the plain end so as to make a second head
vt.1 : to fasten with or as if with rivets
2 : to upset the end or point of (as a metallic pin, rod, or bolt) by beating or pressing so as to form a head
3 : to fasten or fix firmly *stood riveted by fright*
4 : to attract and hold (as the attention) completely
146
roam
[rəum] vi. 漫游，漫步；流浪
vt. 在…漫步，漫游；在…流浪
n. 漫步，漫游；流浪
Intransitive verb
1 : to go from place to place without purpose or direction : WANDER
2 : to travel purposefully unhindered through a wide area *cattle roaming in search of water*
3 : to use a cellular phone outside one's local calling area *roaming charges*
transitive verb : to range or wander over
synonyms see WANDER
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robust
[rəu'bʌst, 'rəubʌst] adj. 强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的
Adj.1 a : having or exhibiting strength or vigorous health b : having or showing vigor, strength, or firmness *a robust debate* *a robust faith* c : strongly formed or constructed : STURDY *a robust plastic* d : capable of performing without failure under a wide range of conditions *robust software*
2 : ROUGH, RUDE *storiesTladen with robust, down-home imagery ?Playboy*
3 : requiring strength or vigor *robust work*
4 : FULL-BODIED *robust coffee*; also : HEARTY *a robust dinner*
5 : of, relating to, resembling, or being a relatively large, heavyset australopithecine (especially Australopithecus robustus and A. boisei) characterized especially by heavy molars and small incisors adapted to a vegetarian diet ? compare GRACILE 3
synonyms see HEALTHY
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rocky
['rɔki] adj. 岩石的，多岩石的；坚如岩石的；摇晃的；头晕目眩的
['rɔki] adj. 岩石的，多岩石的；坚如岩石的；摇晃的；头晕目眩的
Adj.1 : abounding in or consisting of rocks
2 : difficult to impress or affect : INSENSITIVE
3 : firmly held : STEADFAST
Adj.1 : UNSTABLE, WOBBLY
2 : physically upset or mentally confused (as from drinking excessively)
3 : marked by obstacles or problems : DIFFICULT, ROUGH *a financially rocky year ?Michael Murray*
149
romance
[rəu'mæns, 'rəumæns, rə'mæns] n. 传奇；浪漫史；风流韵事；冒险故事
vi. 虚构；渲染；写传奇
Noun.1 a (1) : a medieval tale based on legend, chivalric love and adventure, or the supernatural (2) : a prose narrative treating imaginary characters involved in events remote in time or place and usually heroic, adventurous, or mysterious (3) : a love story especially in the form of a novel b : a class of such literature
2 : something (as an extravagant story or account) that lacks basis in fact
3 : an emotional attraction or aura belonging to an especially heroic era, adventure, or activity
4 : LOVE AFFAIR
5 capitalized : the Romance languages
intransitive verb
1 : to exaggerate or invent detail or incident
2 : to entertain romantic thoughts or ideas
transitive verb
1 : to try to influence or curry favor with especially by lavishing personal attention, gifts, or flattery
2 : to carry on a love affair with
Noun.: a short instrumental piece in ballad style
150
roseate
['rəuziət, -eit] adj. 玫瑰色的；容光焕发的；乐观的
Adj.1 : resembling a rose especially in color
2 : overly optimistic : viewed favorably
