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ANAT > L2 ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY > Flashcards

L2 ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Cells unite to form?

A

Tissues

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2
Q

Tissues unite to form?

A

Organs

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3
Q

Organs unite to form?

A

Systems

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4
Q

Systems cooperate to form?

A

The organism

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5
Q

Briefly, what is the organisation of the body?

A

Atom –> Molecule –> Cell –> Tissue –> Organ –> System –> Organism

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6
Q

What is tissue?

A
  • Collection of cells
  • Show structural and functional similarities
  • Have a common origin
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7
Q

What are the four major tissue types?

A
  1. Epithelial Tissue
  2. Connective Tissue
  3. Muscle Tissue
  4. Nerve Tissue
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8
Q

All organs are composed of?

A

All four tissue types

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9
Q

Epithelial Tissue Function?

A

= epithelium

- covers surface of the body and some organs (body cavities, internal organs)

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10
Q

Connective Tissue Function?

A
  • Supports Body
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11
Q

Muscle Tissue Function?

A
  • Movement of Body Parts
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12
Q

Nerve Tissue Function?

A
  • Communication and control of body parts
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13
Q

Cancers that arise from epithelium tissues are called?

A

Carcinomas

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14
Q

What is a Carcinoma?

A

A cancer that arises from epithelium tissues

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15
Q

What are the functions of the epithelial (surface) cells? (Hint: 4)

A
  1. Protection
  2. Resorption
  3. Secretion
  4. Reception
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16
Q

How do epithelial (surface) cells provide protection? Include examples.

A

Provides physical protection (e.g mechanical, chemical, & biological agents)

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17
Q

Why is resorption a function of epithelial (surface) cells?

A

Any substance that enters or leaves the body has to cross epithelium

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18
Q

Why is secretion a function of epithelial (surface) cells?

A
  • Produces secretions

- All glands are epithelial

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19
Q

Why is reception a function of epithelial (surface) cells? Example?

A

Involved in sensory perception (e.g. touch receptors in the skin)

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20
Q

Anatomical name for skin or cutis?

A

Cutaneous membrane

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21
Q

What covers the entire outer body surface, with the exception of the eye?

A

The epidermis of the skin (cutis)

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22
Q

What lines body surfaces that are exposed to the external environment? Examples?

A
  • Mucosa

- Mucosa of nasal cavity, mouth, esophagus lining, lung bronchi

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23
Q

The ___ is continuous with the ___ of the body orifices?

Examples?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Skin, mucosa

- E.g lips, nostril, anus, genital area

24
Q

What covers body cavities?

Study These Flashcards
A

Serosa (mesothelium)

25
Epithelial tissue covers? (Hint: 5)
- surface of internal organs - airways - GI tract - blood vessels - body cavities
26
What cells are relevant to the cardiovascular system and what is their function?
- Endothelium (endothelial cells) | - Covers the lumen of all blood and lymphatic vessels
27
What cells are relevant to the respiratory and digestive systems? Function?
- Mucosa (mucous cells) | - covers the surfaces of all airways and digestive tracts
28
Function of the serous membrane (serosa = mesothelium)
- covers body cavities
29
Description of squamous epithelia?
- flat (thin)
30
Description of a cuboidal epithelia?
- cube
31
Description of a columnar epithelia?
- rectangular (column)
32
What is a transitional epithelia?
- able to change shape
33
How are epithelial cells structured together? What do they lack?
- closely packed - almost lack intercellular space - lack blood vessels (avascular)
34
What are the different types of epithelium? | Hint: 7
1. Simple squamous 2. Simple cuboidal 3. Simple columnar 4. Transitional 5. Stratified squamous 6. Stratified cuboidal 7. Pseudostratified columnar
35
What is the basement membrane?
- A thin sheet of fibres that underlies the epithelium
36
What are the different types of connective tissue (Hint: 3) Give examples.
1. Connective tissue proper (Loose/Dense) 2. Supporting connective tissue (Cartilage/Bone) 3. Fluid Connective tissue (Blood/Lymph)
37
What are the functions of connective tissue? (Hint:4) Give examples.
1. Connecting and Support (tendons connect muscles and bones; ligaments connect bones with bones) 2. Protection (skill for brain, ribs for lungs and heart) 3. Transportation (blood and lymph) 4. Storage (calcium in bones, fat in fat tissue)
38
Muscle tissue is derived from?
Mesoderm
39
What are the three types of muscle cells?
1. Cardiac muscle 2. Skeletal muscle 3. Smooth muscle
40
Function of cardiac muscle?
- Pumps blood through the body
41
Functions of skeletal muscle?
- regulate temperature (heat production) | - facilitate body movement and manipulate external environment
42
Functions of smooth muscle?
- Move food, urine, reproductive tract secretions (e.g peristalsis) - regulate calibre of airways and blood vessels
43
What are myosarcomas?
Cancers of muscles
44
What is the cancer of smooth muscles?
Leiomyosarcoma
45
What is the cancer of striated muscles?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
46
Nerve tissue is derived from ___ and composed of ___ and ___?
1. ectoderm 2. nerve cells 3. glial cells
47
Function of nerve cells?
Receive and transmit information in the form of electrical signals
48
Function of glial cells?
Supporting cells that insulate and protect nerve cells
49
What are the characteristics of the anatomical position? (Hint: 5)
- standing upright - feet parallel on the floor - head level and looking forward - arms at side of body - palms facing forward and thumbs pointing away from body
50
In the anatomical position, all body segments are considered to be positioned at __ degrees?
0 degrees
51
What is the supine position?
- Body lying down on its' back facing upwards | - Palms resting on the side, facing upwards
52
What is the prone position?
- Body lying down on its' front | - palms resting on the sides, facing downwards
53
What are the two major body regions? Include examples.
1. Axial - head, neck, trunk (the vertical axis of the body) 2. Appendicular - upper and lower limbs
54
superficial veins are?
epifascial
55
deep veins are?
subfascial

ANAT (31 decks)

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