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ANAT > L8: Synovial Joints > Flashcards

L8: Synovial Joints Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

what structural characteristic for a synovial joint is not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints?

A
  • joint cavity
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2
Q

friction between bones at synovial joints is prevented by?

A
  • hyaline articular cartilage
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3
Q

function of all synovial joints?

A
  • diarthrosis
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4
Q

what is the double layered capsule in a synovial joint?

A
  • articular capsule
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5
Q

what are the layers of the double layered articular capsule?

A
  • outer layer: fibrous layer

- inner layer: synovial membrane

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6
Q

how much viscous synovial fluid is in a joint? what is the function?

A
  • 1ml
  • lubricant
  • nourishment
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7
Q

function of sensory nerves in synovial joints?

A
  • detect pain

- proprioception (detect changes and adjust movement)

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8
Q

association of tendons with synovial joints?

A
  • stabilize joints because they pass across or around a joint
  • can limit range/amount of movement
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9
Q

ligaments connect?

A
  • bone to bone
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10
Q

function of collagen in ligaments?

A
  • collagen bundles aligned to resist tensile forces
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11
Q

function of ligaments in synovial bones?

A
  • resist abnormal/excessive movement
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12
Q

ligaments do not interfere with?

A
  • normal movement
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13
Q

function of capsular (intrinsic) ligaments

A
  • thickening of fibrous capsule
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14
Q

where is the extracapsular intrisic ligament?

A
  • external and separate to the fibrous capsule
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15
Q

where is the intracapsular intrinsic ligament?

A
  • enclosed inside the fibrous capsule
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16
Q

function of fibrocartilage pads?

A
  • improve congruency of articular surfaces

- stress distribution

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17
Q

what is the labrum? example?

A
  • fibrocartilage rim attached to the edge of a socket
  • glenohumeral
  • coxal joints
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18
Q

function of labrum?

A
  • increase joint contact area

- are deformable

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19
Q

what are fat pads?

A
  • soft deformable space fillers as the joint moves and the joint cavity changes shape
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20
Q

function of fat pads?

A
  • distribute stress
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21
Q

what are bursae?

A
  • synovial membrane sacs either separate or continuous with the joint
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22
Q

where are bursae located?

A
  • sites of friction
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23
Q

synovial membranes are designed to?

A
  • permit movement
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24
Q

the amount and direction of movement in synovial joints is determined by?

A
  • shape of articular surfaces

- associated joint structures

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25
characteristics of plane (gliding) joints?
- flat articular surfaces
26
example of plane (gliding) joints)
- intercarpal joints | - intertarsal joints
27
characteristics of hinge joints?
- 1 convex and 1 concave articulating surface
28
example of hinge joint?
- humero-ulnar joint | - interphalangeal joints
29
characteristics of pivot joint?
- bony pivot in an osteoligamentous ring
30
in pivot joints, the bone rotates around what axis?
- longitudinal axis
31
example of pivot joints?
- median atlanto-axial joint | - proximal radioulnar joint
32
characteristics of bicondylar joints?
- 2 convex condyles articulate with concave or flat surfaces
33
example of bicondylar joints?
- tibiofemoral joint | - atlanto-occipital joints
34
characteristics of ellipsoid joints?
- 1 oval convex and 1 oval concave articulating surface
35
example of ellipsoid joints?
- metacarpophalangeal (MCP) | - radiocarpal joint (RCJ)
36
characteristics of saddle joint?
- 2 concavo-convex surfaces
37
example of saddle joints?
- 1st carpometacarpal joint
38
characteristics of ball and socket joints?
- spherical head articulates with a cup-shaped socket
39
examples of ball and socket joints?
- hip joint | - glenohumeral joint
40
what are the two joint spaces in the temporomandibular joint?
- gliding mostly in the superior joint space | - hinge action mostly in the inferior joint space
41
function of plane/gliding joints?
- uniaxial
42
function of hinge joints?
- uniaxial
43
function of pivot joints?
- uniaxial
44
function of bicondylar joints?
- predominately uniaxial
45
function of ellipsoid joint?
- biaxial
46
function of saddle joints?
- biaxial
47
function of ball and socket joints?
multiaxial
48
what is uniaxial?
- 1 axis | - 1 plane of movement
49
example of uniaxial joints?
- plane - hinge - pivot
50
example of uniaxial plane joint?
- glide/translation
51
example of uniaxial hinge joint?
- flexion/extension in sagittal plane around coronal axis
52
example of uniaxial pivot joint?
- axial rotation or supination/pronation in the transverse plane around a longitudinal axis
53
what is a predominately uniaxial joint?
- main movement in 1 plane - limited movement in orthagonal plane - bicondylar joint
54
example of predominately uniaxial bicondylar joint?
- tibiofemoral joint - mainly flexion/extension in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis - limited rotation around the vertical axis
55
characteristics of biaxial joints?
- 2 axes | - 2 planes of movement
56
example of biaxial joints?
- condylar | - saddle
57
how does flexion/extension in a biaxial joint occur?
- in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis
58
how does abduction/adduction occur in biaxial joints?
- in the coronal plane around a sagittal axis
59
what are multiaxial joints?
- multiple axes and planes of movement
60
hows does flexion/extension occur in ball and socket joints?
- in the sagittal plane around a coronal axis
61
how does abduction/adduction in ball and socket joints occur?
- coronal plane around a sagittal axis
62
how does medial/lateral rotation occur in ball and socket joints?
- in the transverse plane around a longitudinal axis

ANAT (31 decks)

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