L34: Male Reproductive System

Question 1

what kind of structures is the male reproductive system mainly composed of?

Answer 1

tubular structures

Question 2

is the testicular artery a branch of the abdominal aorta or the internal iliac artery?

Answer 2

abdominal aorta

NOT internal iliac

Question 3

what kind of system is the pampiniform venous plexus?

Answer 3

thermoregulatory system

Question 4

in males and females, what does the inguinal canal contain?

Answer 4

male: spermatic cord
female: round ligament of uterus

Question 5

what does the superficial inguinal ring form?

Answer 5

the exit of the inguinal canal

Question 6

what contains the proximal ductus deferens, testicular artery and veins, lymph vessels,
testicular nerve, cremaster muscle and a covering connective tissue

Answer 6

spermatic cord

Question 7

what is the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 7

entrance to the inguinal canal

Question 8

what happens to the testes by the 3rd month of development

Answer 8

they descend to the deep ring

Question 9

what is the superficial inguinal ring

Answer 9

exit from inguinal canal

Question 10

what happens to the testes in the 7th to 9th month of development?

Answer 10

they complete their descent into the scrotum through the inguinal canal

Question 11

what is the most common inguinal hernia and who does it effect?

Answer 11

• indirect inguinal hernia (75%)

- young males (newborns - early adulthood)

Question 12

are males or females more likely to experience direct inguinal hernias? when do they appear?

Answer 12

• more common in males

- appear later in life

Question 13

risk factors of direct inguinal hernias?

Answer 13

• heavy lifting
• chronic obstructive lung disease
• constant strain on abdominal pressure

Question 14

function of the scrotum

Answer 14

temperature regulator

Question 15

what divides the scrotum into two compartments?

Answer 15

scrotal septum

Question 16

what is the muscle of the wall of the scrotum

Answer 16

• external (skin)
• superficial fascia
• smooth muscle (dartos muscle)

Question 17

what results from tonic contraction of dartos muscle?

Answer 17

• wrinkles on scrotal surface

- elevation of testes

Question 18

the testes produce?

Answer 18

sperm and testosterone

Question 19

role of the spermatic cord?

Answer 19

suspend the testes in the scrotum

Question 20

what is each testis covered by?

Answer 20

visceral layer of tunica vaginalis testis and tunica albuginea

Question 21

what is the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 21

• serous membrane derived from the peritoneum of the abdominal cavity
• has outer parietal layer and inner visceral layer separated by serous fluid

Question 22

what is the thick fibrous capsule that covers the testis

Answer 22

tunica albuginea

Question 23

what is the tunica albuginea?

Answer 23

• lies deep to visceral layer of tunical vaginalis

- projects internally into testis forming a septa, diving the internal space into lobules

Question 24

what are the hundreds of highly coiled tubes packed into tunica albuginea?

Answer 24

seminiferous tubules

Question 25

the seminiferous tubules are the site of?

Answer 25

spermatogenesis

Question 26

what collects sperm from seminiferous tubules?

Answer 26

straight tubules

Question 27

what collects sperm from straight tubules?

Answer 27

rete testis

Question 28

what carries sperm to epididymis?

Answer 28

efferent ducts

Question 29

structure/ function of epididymis?

Answer 29

- coiled tube (4-5m) along side of testis | - sperm storage and maturation

Question 30

order of sperm flow?

Answer 30

1. seminiferous tubule 2. straight tubules 3. rete testis 4. efferent ductules 5. epididymis 6. ductus deferens

Question 31

what is the ductus deferens?

Answer 31

muscular tube | transports sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Question 32

what do the walls of the ductus deferens contain?

Answer 32

- inner mucosa - middle muscularis - outer adventitia (muscularis contains smooth muscle)

Question 33

each of the two ejaculatory ducts is formed by?

Answer 33

the merge of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles

Question 34

what passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra?

Answer 34

both ejaculatory ducts

Question 35

what are the accessory glands that secrete seminal fluid?

Answer 35

- seminal vesicles - prostate gland - bulbourethral glands

Question 36

seminal fluid is _____ and mixes with sperms transported up the ductus deferens to form _____?

Answer 36

alkaline | semen

Question 37

are the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands paired or unpaired?

Answer 37

paired

Question 38

what does the seminal vesicles secrete and why?

Answer 38

- secrete viscous fluid of fructose (sugar) and prostaglandins - sugar nourishes sperm - prostaglandins dilate the cervix

Question 39

what do bulbourethral glands secrete?

Answer 39

viscous mucin that protects the urethra and serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse

Question 40

what is the role of the slightly alkaline semen fluid the prostate secretes?

Answer 40

neutralizes the acidity of the vagina

Question 41

the prostate secretes a milky appearing fluid that is _____% of the volume of semen?

Answer 41

25-30%

Question 42

what are erectile tissues?

Answer 42

spongy masses of tissue that contain large amounts of potential vascular space for blood engorgement

Question 43

what is the corpus cavernosum (clitoris)

Answer 43

- paired masses on the anterior surface of the flaccid penis - each contains a deep artery of the penis

Question 44

what is the corpus spongiosum?

Answer 44

- single mass surrounding urethra, posterior side of flaccid penis - the sheeth surrounding contains more elastic fibres than c. cavernosum

Question 45

Male sexual function can be summarized as the three E's ?

Answer 45

- erection - emission - ejaculation

Question 46

function of erection

Answer 46

- parasympathetic stimulation relaxes smooth muscles in arterial walls, vessel dilation and increase of blood flow to penis

Question 47

what is emission?

Answer 47

movement of secretions of glands into prostatic urethra

Question 48

what is ejaculation?

Answer 48

expulsion of semen by rhythmic contractions of bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles that wrap around corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosa

Question 49

how do sperm find the egg?

Answer 49

using heat and olfactory sensors

Question 50

sperm utilizes bourgeonal odour as chemoattractant for what?

Answer 50

navigating towards the egg