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Molecular Immunology > L8:2 > Flashcards

L8:2 Flashcards

1
Q

Following activation of CD4+ T Lymphocyte,
___ cytokine is made first

A

IL-2

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2
Q

True or False: As antigen-stimulated T cells receive differing signals from the APC, they
differentiate into subsets of CD4+ T cells that are defined solely by cytokine production
profiles

A

True

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Th0 are probably a precursor to the ___, ___, and ___ phenotypes
and produce cytokines such as __, ___, and ___

A

Th1, Th2, and Th17
IL-2, IL-4, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)

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5
Q

What two cytokines are made by T-helper-1 (Th1) cells?

A

IL-2 and IFN-γ

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6
Q

Antigen stimulation of naive CD4+ T
cells in the presence of specific cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-12) drive T cells toward the ___
subset.

A

Th1

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7
Q

What is the initial source of IL-12 and IFN-γ in Th1 cells?

A

Initial source of IL-12 = APC

Initial source of IFN-γ = NKC /
γδ TCR+ T cells.

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8
Q

T-helper-2 (Th2) lymphocytes produce ___ and ___

A

IL-4 and IL-5

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9
Q

When naive CD4+ T cells are
stimulated with antigen in the presence of IL-4, what do they develop into?

A

Th2 cell

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10
Q

What is the initial source of
IL-4, early in driving the CD4+ Th0 cell to a Th2 phenotype?

A

mast cell

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11
Q

What two cytokines influence an isotype switch in B cells to IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, IgA and IgE?

A

IL-4 and IL-5

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12
Q

Which cell type influence
antibody-mediated or “humoral” immune responses (type 2 immune responses)?

Which cell type influences CTI Responses (Type 1 immune response?

A

Type II = Th2

Type I = Th1 cells

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13
Q

Which cell type activates B cells and allows for their differentiation (plasma/memory)?

A

Tfh cells (follicular)

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14
Q

Which cell is associated with CD25 and Fox P3+?

A

T Reg cells

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15
Q

Which cell type allows for conversion
of B cells to IgG3?

A

Th1

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16
Q

True or False: To make Tfh (follicular) cells,
they must develop in presence of IL-6, IL-21

A

True

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17
Q

Which cell type recruits eosinophils/basophils?

A

Th2 cells

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18
Q

Which cells regulate auto-immune response
and suppress other effector T cells?

A

T reg cells

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19
Q

Which cells up-regulate NK cells/Th1 and activate CTL and macrophages?

A

Th1 cells

20
Q

True or False: Follicular cells express CD4+ and PD-1

A

True

21
Q

True or False: Th1 cells resolve diptheria, menigities, pneumonia and diptheria

A

False - Th2 cells does

22
Q

What cell type drives asthma/allergies?

A

Th2

23
Q

Which cell type drives RA, MS, Psoriasis?

A

Th17

24
Q

True or False: Natural T-Regs are specific for self antigens and develop WITHIN the thymus in presence of TGF-β, while Induced develop OUTSIDE of the thymus

A

True

25
Q

True or False:
The type of antigen, molecular structure, HLA Type, and route of exposure will all determine which T cell phenotype will predominate

A

True

26
Q

CD8 binds to ____ domain of HLA Class I molecule

A

alpha-3

27
Q

__ is required for CD8+ proliferation and differentiation into CTL effectors

A

IL-2

28
Q

True or False: CD8+ depends on Th1 activation for proliferation and differentiation into CTL effectors

A

True

29
Q

In granular-mediated killing, CTL mobilizes cytoplasmic granules toward the target via: _____

A

actin filaments

30
Q

What molecules are located within the cytoplasmic granules present in granular mediated killing?

A

1) Perforin
2) TNF alpha/beta
3) Granzyme
4) Granulysin

31
Q

In granular mediated killing, how are granular contents released onto target cell membrane?

A

Exocytosis

32
Q

True or False: Pores made by perforin allow granzymes/granulysin to be internalized

A

True

33
Q

___ binding to target cell, polymerizing in presence of calcium, and forming transmembrane channels increases the cell permeability and cell death

A

Perforin

34
Q

True or False: cell death, apoptosis, and increase cell permeability are consequences of granular mediated killing

A

True

35
Q

In what type of killing does the FasL on the CTL bind to the FAS on target cell?

A

Fas-FasL Ligand Killing

36
Q

True or False: Fas-FasL Ligand Killing is associated with activation of intracellular caspases in the target cell - which induces apoptosis

A

True

37
Q

True or False: Natural Killer Cells (CD56+/CD16+) are both T and B cells and require prior sensitization, immunization, or antigen presentation to kill their targets

A

False - NKC’s are neither T or B cells and they do NOT require prior sensitization, immunization, or antigen presentation to kill their targets

38
Q

Another name for NKC? (hint: CD)

A

CD56+/CD16+

39
Q

True or False: Natural Killer Cells (CD56+/CD16+) are part of the adaptive immune response

A

False - innate immune response

40
Q

Which cell types have a KIR and recognize LACK of MHC expression?

A

NK Cells CD56/CD16

41
Q

True or False: Killing by CD56/CD16 cells involves perforins and granzymes

A

True

42
Q

How can NK Cells be upregulated?

A

IL-2 and IFN-gamma

43
Q

Macrophages have cell killing mechanisms when stimulated by ___

A

IFN-gamma

44
Q

Mechanisms (3) of macrophage killing?

A

-Release lysosomal contents
-Release of TNF-a (apoptosis)
-Produces N2 and O2 radicals

45
Q

Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is employed by cells that posses __receptor for IgG

A

Fc

46
Q

Killer (K) Cell in ADCC have a CD16 marker, which means it has a receptor for __ region of __

A

Fc; IgG

47
Q

True or False: CD16 is a FcgRIII (meaning it binds to heavy chain of of IgG3 subclass)

A

True

Molecular Immunology (27 decks)

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