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Molecular Immunology > Lecture 17: Tolerance and Autoimmunity > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Tolerance and Autoimmunity Flashcards

1
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with:
Myasthenia Gravis,
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia,
Graves Disease, and
Goodpasture Syndrome?

A

Type 2 Hypersensitivity Reaction

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2
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with: M.S and Hashimoto’s?

A

Type 4 Hypersensitivity Reaction

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3
Q

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with:
Systemic lupus erythematosus,
Scleroderma,
and Sjorgen Syndrome

A

Type 3 Hypersensitivity Reaction

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4
Q

HLA-DR2 and HLA-DR3 is associated with which two disorders?
A. Myasthenia Gravias, Hashimoto’s
B. Graves, T1DM
C. SLE, MS

A

C. SLE, MS

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5
Q

HLA-DR3 is associated with which two disorders?
A. RA, Celiac
B. Myasthenia Gravis, Graves
C. Sjorgen, MS

A

B. Myasthenia Gravis, Graves

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6
Q

HLA-DQ2 (90%), HLA-DQ8, and IgA Deficiency are associated with:
A. RA
B. Graves
C. Celiac
D. Hashimotos

A

C. Celiac

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7
Q

HLA-DR5, DR3, and B8 are associated with which disorder?
A. RA
B. Graves
C. Celiac
D. Hashimotos

A

D. Hashimotos

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8
Q

HLA-DR4 is associated with:
A. RA
B. Graves
C. Celiac
D. Hashimotos

A

A. RA

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9
Q

True or False: Graves Disease is associated with hypothyroidism while Hashimoto’s is associated with hyperthyroidism

A

False

Graves = Hyperthyroid
Hashimotos = Hypothyroid

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10
Q

_____: Loss of nerve transmission
_____: Loss of proper insulin control

A

M.S: Loss of nerve transmission
T1DM: Loss of proper insulin control

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11
Q

Dry eyes and mouth suggests which disorder?

A

Sjogren’s Syndrome

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12
Q

Malnutrition, diarrhea, abdominal pain suggests which disorder?

A

Celiac Disease

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13
Q

Joint pain, kidney damage, and butterfly rash suggests which disorder?

A

SLE

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14
Q

Fibrosis, arthritis, arteritis, and Reynaud’s suggests which disorder?

A

Scleroderma

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15
Q

Target in MS?
Target in Celiac?

A

MS = myelin in CNS
Celiac = small intestinal mucosa

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16
Q

Target of Myasthenia gravis?
Target of Graves?

A

M. gravis = Ach receptor
Graves = TSH receptor

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17
Q

SS-A (ro), SS-B (la); and M3R muscarinic Ach are targets of which disorder?

A

Sjorgen Syndrome

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18
Q

Topisomerase, RNAP, and Centromere are targets of which disorder?

A

Scleroderma

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19
Q

Nuclear Ag, dsDNA, and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are targets of which disorder?

A

SLE

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20
Q

Anemia, elevated indirect bil, and reticulolysis are symptoms of ____

A

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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21
Q

Where does central T cell tolerance occur? Peripheral T cell tolerance?

A

Central = thymus
Peripheral = lymph tissues

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22
Q

Apoptosis occurs in central T cell tolerance under which conditions?

A

TCR strongly recognizes self peptides

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23
Q

Anergy occurs in peripheral T cell tolerance under what two conditions?

A

1) stimulation of T cells without secondary stimulation (B7-CD28)
2) repeated stimulation of activated T cells

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24
Q

____: T cells that inhibit activation of T cells by self peptide/MHC

A

Regulatory T cells

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25
Q

____: An inflammatory lesion that appears 2-6 weeks after a perforating wound to contralateral eye

A

Sympathetic opthalmia

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26
Q

True or False: Exposure of antigens in an immunologically privileged site may induce an immune response to self antigens

A

True

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27
Q

____: process by which the immune response to a pathogen or foreign antigen may cross react with self tissues

A

Molecular Mimicry

28
Q

What are three examples in which a preceding infectious process may lead to development of an autoimmune disease?

A

1) Ankylosing spondylitis
2) Rheumatic Fever
3) G-Barre Syndrome

29
Q

____: agents on klebsiella and other bacteria induce antibodies that cross react w host tissues causing chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and ossification of spine

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

30
Q

Which auto-immmune disease is associated with HLA-B27 positivity?
A. Ankylosing Spondylitis
B. Rheumatic Fever
C. G Barre Syndrome

A

Ankylosing Spondylitis

31
Q

_____: antigens from bacterium that cause strep. pharyngitis induce antibodies that cross react with self tissue on heart valves
A. Ankylosing Spondylitis
B. Rheumatic Fever
C. G Barre Syndrome

A

Rheumatic Fever

32
Q

Following GI infection with Campylobacter, persons may develop an immune response against LPS. Severe paralysis and polyneuritis occurs and slowly resolves as person’s immune system wanes.
A. Ankylosing Spondylitis
B. Rheumatic Fever
C. G Barre Syndrome

A

C. G Barre Syndrome

33
Q

Why is it believed that women are more prone to auto-immune disorders?

A

Estrogen receptors

34
Q

True or False: Being elderly is strongly associated with loss of immune function/immune dysregulation

A

True

35
Q

Which two Th2 cytokines inhibit Th1 responses?

A

IL-10 and IL-4

36
Q

____ is a potent suppressor of T Lymphocyte proliferation

A

TGF-B
- mice with TGF-B deficiency have autoimmunity

37
Q

Villus atrophy and T cell infiltration, as seen in Celiac, suggests that the disease is primarily mediated by ___

A

T cells

38
Q

True or False: CD is associated with HLA-DQ2 and IgA deficiency

A

True

39
Q

What is an example of an autoimmune disorder with a known environmental trigger?

A

Celiac Disease

40
Q

True or False: Myasthenia gravis is organ specific while SLE is systemic and multi-organ

A

True

41
Q

True or False: Myasthenia gravis is linked to complement deficiency

A

False - SLE is!
- Due to lack of C3b production

42
Q

When C3b is incorporated into IC, it allows for?

A

Efficient removal by phagocytic cell

43
Q

True or False: HLE is a disease resulting from loss of control of B cell system and is complicated by lack of C3b

A

True

44
Q

____ is a systemic auto-immune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of exocrine glands

A

Sjorgen’s Syndrome

45
Q

M3R abnormalities have been found in which disorder?

A

Sjorgen’s Syndrome

46
Q

In Graves Disease, which molecule mimics TSH by binding to and activating TSH-R, thereby causing hyperthyroidism?

A

TSI (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin)

47
Q

In Graves Disease, TBII’s can block the receptor from binding ___, leading to ___

A

TSH, hypothyroidism

48
Q

Both MS and T1DM are ___ cell mediated autoimmune diseases

A

T cells mediated

49
Q

Graves disease is the only ____ mediated disorder

A

antibody mediated

50
Q

Which is the only organ specific autoimmune disease? What are the three systemic autoimmune disorders?

A

Organ specific
- Myasthenia gravis

Systemic
- SLE
- Scleroderma
-Sjorgren’s Syndrome

51
Q

Which two disorders are both antibody and T cell mediated?

A

RA and Hashimoto’s

52
Q

A panus is a feature of which disorder?

A

RA

53
Q

What are the two diagnostic biomarkers for RA?

A

ACPA and RF (IgM antibody against IgG Fc)

54
Q

True or False: RA may occur in agammaglobulinemic patients, meaning autoimmun antibody response may play a role but are not essential to pathogenesis of the disease

A

True

55
Q

Anti-mitotic drugs, cyclosporine, and anti-inflammatory drugs are best described as:
A. Immunosuppressive Therapy
B. Targeted Treatments

A

A. Immunosuppressive Therapy

56
Q

Two distadvantages of anti-mitotic drugs and cyclosporine?

A
  • Immune suppression
  • Increased susceptibility to infection (conventional and opportunistic pathogens)
57
Q

True or False: Immunosuppressive therapy is only for treating end stage disease, but cannot reverse the process

A

True

58
Q

IL-2R can be blocked with anti-CD25 antibody in treating ___

A

MS

59
Q

Human monoclonal antibody that neutralizes effects of BAFF cytokine and leads to decrease in circulating B cells is approved to treat ___

A

SLE

60
Q

Il-6 or IL-6 R blocking is effective for individuals with __

A

RA

61
Q

IL-17 or IL-23 can be bound my a mAb, blocking their function in treatment for ___

A

psoriasis

62
Q

Within lamina propria and Peyer’s patches of intestines, population of CD4+ T cells exist and exert a major influence on isotype switching of local B cells to induce ___ production

A

IgA

63
Q

In the presence of low dose antigen, mucosal T cells give rise to either ___ or ___

A

Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10: suppress Th1)

Th3 (make TGF-B: suppresses Th1/2 lymphocyte activation and proliferation)

64
Q

Ag-specific ___ cells have been found in circulation of subject following oral admin of antigen

A

Th3

65
Q

True or False: Activation of Ag specific Th2 following low doses of oral Ag may provide a mechanism for suppressing harmful immune responses

A

True

66
Q

____ patients treated w orally administered bovine myelin results in appearance of myelin basic protein specific Th3 in peripheral blood

A

M.S

67
Q

___ patients treated with orally admin Type II collagen show improvement

A

R.A

Molecular Immunology (27 decks)

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