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Molecular Immunology > Lecture 14: Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions > Flashcards

Lecture 14: Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

Which antibody mediates Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
A. IgD
B. IgE
C. IgM

A

B. IgE

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2
Q

Which hypersensitivity reaction is antibody mediated? immune complex mediated?

A

antibody mediated = type 2
immune complex mediated = type 3

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3
Q

Which hypersensitivity reaction is T cell mediated?

A

Type 4

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4
Q

True or False: Complement activation/recruitment and activation of leukocytes, as well as IgM and IgG antibodies are involved in both Type II and Type III hypersensitivity reactions

A

True

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5
Q

What mechanism of tissue disease and injury is used by Type IV hypersensitivity reactions?

A
  • Direct target cell lysis
  • Cytokines
  • Activate macrophages
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6
Q

Transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of newborn are associated with:
A. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
B. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
C. Type 3 Hypersensitivity
D. Type 4 Hypersensitivity

A

B. Type 2 Hypersensitivity

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7
Q

Arthus reactions and serum sickness are associated with:
A. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
B. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
C. Type 3 Hypersensitivity
D. Type 4 Hypersensitivity

A

C. Type 3 Hypersensitivity

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8
Q

DHT and Contact Derm are associated with:
A. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
B. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
C. Type 3 Hypersensitivity
D. Type 4 Hypersensitivity

A

D. Type 4 Hypersensitivity

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9
Q

Mast cells, basophils, and their products (histamines, vasoactive amines, AA metabolites) are the mechanism of tissue injury and disease for which hypersensitivity reaction?
A. Type 1 Hypersensitivity
B. Type 2 Hypersensitivity
C. Type 3 Hypersensitivity
D. Type 4 Hypersensitivity

A

A. Type 1 Hypersensitivity

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10
Q

True or False: Allergies, Asthma, and Anaphylaxis are mediated by IgE

A

True

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11
Q

8 steps of type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

SENSITIZATION
1) exposure to allergen
2) IgE production
3) binding of IgE to surface receptors on mast/basophils

ACTIVATION
4) re-exposure
5) binding of allergen to cell-associated IgE
6) signal transduction in mast/basophil

7) mediator release
8) mediator effects on end organs

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12
Q

Primary exposure of an antigen to the ___/____ tract and the skin tend to induce more IgE production

A

respiratory and GI tract

note: mast cells and IgE bearing B cells tend to line the skin, mucous membranes, and connective tissues of these areas

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13
Q

IgE production is ___ dependent

A

Th2
-meaning, with assistance from Th2 cells, B cells differentiate into IgE secreting plasma cells

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14
Q

Which Th2 cytokines can enhance IgE responses?

A

IL-4 and IL-5

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15
Q

What is the name of the high affinity receptor that IgE binds to on mast cells or basophils?

How is this beneficial?

A

Fc epsilon RI

  • Binding extends the half life of IgE
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16
Q

Which cells are the main effectors of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Mast cells

17
Q

What is the most important feature of mast cells and basophils?

A

They possess FC-epsilon-RI

18
Q

Which corresponds to the Activation Phase:
A. First exposure
B. Second Exposure

A

B. Second Exposure

19
Q

True or False: Memory cells are involved in the activation phase

A

True

20
Q

During activation phase, allergen binds to at least 2 ___ molecules on mast cells, resulting in ___

A

IgE; cross-linking molecules (bringing FcERI together)

“receptor aggregation”

21
Q

True or False: release of pharmacologically active mediators causes inflammation through capillary dilation and increased blood vessel permeability

A

True

22
Q

True or False: Degranulation means cell death will occur

A

False
(cell can, and often does, survive to regenerate its granules)

23
Q

What are the four pre-formed mediators (immediate release and effects)?

A

-Histamine
-Serotonin
-ECF-A/protease/hydrolase
-Heparin

24
Q

What effects do both histamine and serotonin share?

A

Increased vascular permeability, pruritus, increased exocrine secretions

25
Q

Which of the following best describes the following molecules (Leukotrienes, Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes)
A. Newly synthesized mediators
B. Pre-formed mediators

A

A. Newly synthesized mediators

26
Q

Which cytokine/s stimulates eosinophil growth and differentiation in bone marrow?
A. IL-8
B. IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF
C. IL-4

A

B. IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF

27
Q

Oxidation of AA by lipoxygenase results in formation of ____, as well as smooth muscle contractions, increased vascular permeability, mucus secretion
A. Leukotrienes
B. Prostaglandins
C. Thromboxanes

A

A. Leukotrienes

28
Q

oxidation of AA by cyclooxygenase results in production of ___ and ___, which are responsible for smooth muscle tone, platelet aggregation

A

thromboxane, prostaglandins

29
Q

Wheal and Flare reaction is a ____ type reaction whereas generalized pruritus, urticaria, or angioedema is a ___ reaction

A

Wheal and Flare = mild local
Pruritus = mild systemic

30
Q

What are three lethal outcomes of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

1) Asphyxiation - laryngeal edema
2) Suffocation - bronchiolar constriction
3) Loss of adequate BP due to peripheral edema

31
Q

True or False: Wheal is edema due to increased in bv permeability while flare is due to dilation of bv

A

True

32
Q

___ is an in vitro test for total IgE

___ is an in vitro test for specific IgE

A

RIST: is an in vitro test for TOTAL IgE

RAST: is an in vitro test for SPECIFIC IgE

33
Q

Which drugs compete with H1 and H2 receptors and must be given prophylactically to have greatest effect?

A

Anti-histamines

34
Q

Which drug stabilizes mast cell membranes?

Which drug prevents arachidonic acid pathways?

A

Cromolyn sodium - stabilizes mast cell membrane

Corticosteroids - prevent AA pathway

35
Q

Which drug reverses effects of histamine?

A

Epinephrine

36
Q

___ is a leukotriene receptor antagonist while __ is a humanized anti-IgE antibody

A

Montelukast
Omalizumab

37
Q

_____: injection of allergen with very dilute dose of antigen; done over span of weeks to months

A

Allergen Immunotherapy

38
Q

How is immunotherapy different from desensitization?

A

In allergen immunotherapy: injection of allergen is increased over span of WEEKS or MONTHS

In desensitization: larger doses of drug is given of period of HOURS

Molecular Immunology (27 decks)

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