Lab exam 1 flashcards

Question 1

describe cell theory

Answer 1

1. all organisms are composed of cells
2. cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms
3. all cells arise only by the division and reproduction of previously existing cells

Question 2

glial cells

Answer 2

make nerve impulses and provide a nutritive role for nuerons

Question 3

describe tissue

Answer 3

a group of similar cells that work together to preform a common function for an animal

Question 4

what are the 4 types of tissues

Answer 4

connective
muscle
nervous
epithelial

Question 5

what does epithelial tissue do

Answer 5

covers external surfaces, or lines the internal surface of body cavities, acts as barriers

Question 6

what does connective tissue do

Answer 6

binds, supports, and protects body parts & systems

Question 7

what does muscle tissue do

Answer 7

permits movement of animal through its environment

Question 8

what does nervous tissue do

Answer 8

serves in communication & control of the animal

Question 9

what do erythrocytes do

Answer 9

red blood cells, they carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our body

Question 10

what do leucocytes do

Answer 10

white blood cells, attack bacteria and viruses

Question 11

why do cells divide

Answer 11

to heal wounds, to grow, regenerate worn out or damaged tissues

Question 12

what 2 ways do cells divide

Answer 12

mitosis and meiosis

Question 13

describe cell cycle

Answer 13

1. interphase, longest stage, (G1 (growth), S phase (synthesis), G2 (growth),
2. prophase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase
6. cytokineses

Question 14

how many daughter cells are produced through mitosis?

Answer 14

2 daughter cells each containing a complete set of chromosomes identical to that of the parent cell

Question 15

working distance

Answer 15

the space between the objective lens and slide on a microscope

Question 16

field of view

Answer 16

the circular view you see when looking through the microscope

Question 17

depth of field

Answer 17

the thickness of an image that is acceptably in focus when looking through the ocular lense

Question 18

embryology

Answer 18

study of embryos & their development
(embryo - initial cell stage of animal development )

Question 19

zygote

Answer 19

fertilized egg cell as a result of the union of a female gamete (egg or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)

Question 20

gametogenesis

Answer 20

production of egg or sperm cells

Question 21

blastopore

Answer 21

the opening by which the cavity of the gastrula, an embryonic stage in animal development, communicates with the exterior

Question 22

archenteron

Answer 22

hallow tube created by the arrangement of invaginated cells in the gastrula; embryonic precursor to the gut (also the same as gastrocoel)

Question 23

organogenesis

Answer 23

differentiation of organ tissues

Question 24

monophyletic groups

Answer 24

contain all the descendants of a particular ancestor and no other organisms

Question 25

paraphyletic groups

Answer 25

contain some, but not all, of a descendants of a particular ancestor

Question 26

polyphyletic groups

Answer 26

contain no member that share a common ancestor

Question 27

what is a homologous structure

Answer 27

referring to features or structures in different species that are similar due to common ancestry

Question 28

taxonomy

Answer 28

is a way of classifying all living organisms

Question 29

who was the 5 kingdoms written by

Answer 29

Robert H. Whittakers

Question 30

5 kingdoms & who it was written by

Answer 30

written by Robert H. Whittakers 1. bacteria - organelles 2. protista - algae 3. fungi - mushrooms 4. plantae - bryophytes (moss) 5. animalia - mollusca

Question 31

bacteria & archea are what kind of cell

Answer 31

prokaryotic cells

Question 32

list the Heretical Classificationof taxonomy

Answer 32

the taxanomic catagories are: 1. Domain - most inclusive 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. species - least inclusive

Question 33

who is carolus linnaeus

Answer 33

was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy

Question 34

what is the Binomial System of Biological Nomenclature and who came up with it

Answer 34

is a system of naming organisms in which the name is composed of two terms. also known as the scientific name of organisms. Carolus Linnaeus invented this system.

Question 35

Haversian canal function + where to find it

Answer 35

in bone, allows the bone to get oxygen and nutrition

Question 36

lamella function + where its found

Answer 36

in bone, gives bones its compact hardness and rigidity because of its extracellular matrix - forms around the haversian canal

Question 37

lacunae function + where it's found

Answer 37

in bone and cartilage, lacunae are spaces in which bone cells are present, provides a home for the cells to keep them alive and functional in bones - lacunae encase osteocytes in cartilage - lacunae encase chondrocytes

Question 38

osteocytes function + where to find it

Answer 38

regulates mineral deposits and chemistry at the bone level

Question 39

canaliculi

Answer 39

provide routes to osteocytes to give them nutrients and to take away waste

Question 40

a embryonic blastula sea star cell becomes a

Answer 40

gastrula sea star cell

Question 41

a gastrula sea star cell becomes a

Answer 41

bipinnaria sea star cell

Question 42

what happens during the s phase of interphase

Answer 42

the cell "synthesizes" a complete copy of it's DNA in the nucleus

Question 43

what kind of tissue is cartilage

Answer 43

connective

Question 44

Tissues

Answer 44

groups of cells with similar appearance and common function

Question 45

Organs

Answer 45

different types of tissues further organized into functional units

Question 46

Organ systems

Answer 46

groups of organs that work together

Question 47

where is stratified epithelium found

Answer 47

mostly in the skin

Question 48

where is simple epithelium found

Answer 48

lines respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and circulatory systems

Question 49

lacunae function

Answer 49

spaces in which bone cells are present, their job is to protect other kinds of cells to keep them alive and functional

Question 50

chondrocytes function

Answer 50

responsible for the production of collagen, helps maintain cartilage, chondrocytes help to form cartilage tissue

Question 51

collagen function

Answer 51

provides structural support to connective tissues

Question 52

what type of tissue is most abundent

Answer 52

connective tissue

Question 53

fibroblasts function

Answer 53

help to form connective tissue

Question 54

a fertilized egg is also called

Answer 54

a zygote

Question 55

what is a diploid

Answer 55

a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 56

asexual reproduction relies on a process called

Answer 56

mitosis

Question 57

what tissues are under involuntary control

Answer 57

cardiac and smooth muscle