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Lab exam 1 flashcards

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1
Q

describe cell theory

A
  1. all organisms are composed of cells
  2. cells are the basic living units of organization and function in all organisms
  3. all cells arise only by the division and reproduction of previously existing cells
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2
Q

glial cells

A

make nerve impulses and provide a nutritive role for nuerons

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3
Q

describe tissue

A

a group of similar cells that work together to preform a common function for an animal

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues

A

connective
muscle
nervous
epithelial

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5
Q

what does epithelial tissue do

A

covers external surfaces, or lines the internal surface of body cavities, acts as barriers

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6
Q

what does connective tissue do

A

binds, supports, and protects body parts & systems

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7
Q

what does muscle tissue do

A

permits movement of animal through its environment

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8
Q

what does nervous tissue do

A

serves in communication & control of the animal

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9
Q

what do erythrocytes do

A

red blood cells, they carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our body

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10
Q

what do leucocytes do

A

white blood cells, attack bacteria and viruses

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11
Q

why do cells divide

A

to heal wounds, to grow, regenerate worn out or damaged tissues

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12
Q

what 2 ways do cells divide

A

mitosis and meiosis

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13
Q

describe cell cycle

A
  1. interphase, longest stage, (G1 (growth), S phase (synthesis), G2 (growth),
  2. prophase
  3. metaphase
  4. anaphase
  5. telophase
  6. cytokineses
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14
Q

how many daughter cells are produced through mitosis?

A

2 daughter cells each containing a complete set of chromosomes identical to that of the parent cell

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15
Q

working distance

A

the space between the objective lens and slide on a microscope

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16
Q

field of view

A

the circular view you see when looking through the microscope

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17
Q

depth of field

A

the thickness of an image that is acceptably in focus when looking through the ocular lense

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18
Q

embryology

A

study of embryos & their development
(embryo - initial cell stage of animal development )

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19
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg cell as a result of the union of a female gamete (egg or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)

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20
Q

gametogenesis

A

production of egg or sperm cells

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21
Q

blastopore

A

the opening by which the cavity of the gastrula, an embryonic stage in animal development, communicates with the exterior

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22
Q

archenteron

A

hallow tube created by the arrangement of invaginated cells in the gastrula; embryonic precursor to the gut (also the same as gastrocoel)

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23
Q

organogenesis

A

differentiation of organ tissues

24
Q

monophyletic groups

A

contain all the descendants of a particular ancestor and no other organisms

25
Q

paraphyletic groups

A

contain some, but not all, of a descendants of a particular ancestor

26
Q

polyphyletic groups

A

contain no member that share a common ancestor

27
Q

what is a homologous structure

A

referring to features or structures in different species that are similar due to common ancestry

28
Q

taxonomy

A

is a way of classifying all living organisms

29
Q

who was the 5 kingdoms written by

A

Robert H. Whittakers

30
Q

5 kingdoms & who it was written by

A

written by Robert H. Whittakers
1. bacteria - organelles
2. protista - algae
3. fungi - mushrooms
4. plantae - bryophytes (moss)
5. animalia - mollusca

31
Q

bacteria & archea are what kind of cell

A

prokaryotic cells

32
Q

list the Heretical Classificationof taxonomy

A

the taxanomic catagories are:
1. Domain - most inclusive
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. species - least inclusive

33
Q

who is carolus linnaeus

A

was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalized binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the “father of modern taxonomy

34
Q

what is the Binomial System of Biological Nomenclature and who came up with it

A

is a system of naming organisms in which the name is composed of two terms. also known as the scientific name of organisms.
Carolus Linnaeus invented this system.

35
Q

Haversian canal function + where to find it

A

in bone, allows the bone to get oxygen and nutrition

36
Q

lamella function + where its found

A

in bone, gives bones its compact hardness and rigidity because of its extracellular matrix - forms around the haversian canal

37
Q

lacunae function + where it’s found

A

in bone and cartilage,
lacunae are spaces in which bone cells are present, provides a home for the cells to keep them alive and functional
in bones - lacunae encase osteocytes
in cartilage - lacunae encase chondrocytes

38
Q

osteocytes function + where to find it

A

regulates mineral deposits and chemistry at the bone level

39
Q

canaliculi

A

provide routes to osteocytes to give them nutrients and to take away waste

40
Q

a embryonic blastula sea star cell becomes a

A

gastrula sea star cell

41
Q

a gastrula sea star cell becomes a

A

bipinnaria sea star cell

42
Q

what happens during the s phase of interphase

A

the cell “synthesizes” a complete copy of it’s DNA in the nucleus

43
Q

what kind of tissue is cartilage

A

connective

44
Q

Tissues

A

groups of cells with similar appearance and common function

45
Q

Organs

A

different types of tissues further organized into functional units

46
Q

Organ systems

A

groups of organs that work together

47
Q

where is stratified epithelium found

A

mostly in the skin

48
Q

where is simple epithelium found

A

lines respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and circulatory systems

49
Q

lacunae function

A

spaces in which bone cells are present, their job is to protect other kinds of cells to keep them alive and functional

50
Q

chondrocytes function

A

responsible for the production of collagen, helps maintain cartilage, chondrocytes help to form cartilage tissue

51
Q

collagen function

A

provides structural support to connective tissues

52
Q

what type of tissue is most abundent

A

connective tissue

53
Q

fibroblasts function

A

help to form connective tissue

54
Q

a fertilized egg is also called

A

a zygote

55
Q

what is a diploid

A

a cell that contains 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

56
Q

asexual reproduction relies on a process called

A

mitosis

57
Q

what tissues are under involuntary control

A

cardiac and smooth muscle

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