slide 3, lecture Flashcards
the function of obtaining and using energy (nutrients and food)
metabolism, this includes all catabolic and anabolic reactions
metabolism is one of the ________ of life
definers
all living organisms must obtain, synthesize and use energy
animals sustain themselves by borrowing free energy from the environment, this is called
metabolism
free energy is
- energy available for doing work
- energy in food, solar energy, chemical bonds, kinetic energy in moving water, etc
the laws of thermodynamics says
all organisms exchange energy and matter with their surroundings
the 1st law of thermodynamics says
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be converted from one form to another
the 2nd law of thermodynamics says
- every energy transformation increased the entropy of the universe, some energy becomes unusable (ex-heat)
- energy transformation are never 100% efficient and some energy is lost as heat (ex - heat production during exercise)
entropy - broadly : the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system
Aerobic cellular respiration chemical formula
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP energy
enzyme function
proteins that catalyze reactions without affecting products of the reaction and without being destroyed by the reaction
______ are proteins that catalyze reactions
enzymes
_______ are chemical substances that accelerate reaction without affecting products of the reaction and without being destroyed by the reaction
enzymes
______ only affect rate of reaction, they don’t affect amount of free energy in reaction
enzymes
coenzymes function
- do the work of enzymes, but are not proteins
- such as: niacin (vitamin B3), riboflavin (vitamin B2), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD), and Flavin Adenin Dinucleotide (FAD)
oxidative phosphorylation is
ATP synthesis
the electron transport chain (ETC) is located in
the mitochondria
in the metabolism of lipids, hydrolysis of lipid yields _______ and 3 _______ _______
- glycerol
- 3 fatty acids
in the metabolism of lipids, glycerol is ________ and enters ________
- phosphorylated
- glycolysis
in the metabolism of lipids, fatty acids oxidized to form __________ which then enters Krebs cycle then ETC (electron transport chain)
Acetyl CoA
in the metabolism of lipids there are about ____ total of ATP per lipid
460
in the metabolism of lipids, _______ are more concentrated forms of energy, and contain more H
fats
the breaking down of proteins into amino acids is called the
metabolism of protein
in the metabolism of protein, deamination removes nitrogten, and creates _______ and _______ acid
- ammonia
- keto acid
ammonia detoxified into urea, filtered and removed via renal system
ammonia detoxified into uria and is then filtered and removed via the
renal system
ATP stands for
Adenosine Triphosphate
