Lab week 1 Flashcards
1
Q
lack of symmetry; irregular arrangement of body parts with no plain of symmetry to divide them into two halves
A
asymmetry
(ex: sponges)
2
Q
arrangement of body parts around a central axis; any plane passing through the central axis divides the body into two similar halves
A
radial symmetry
(sea stars, jellyfish)
3
Q
division of body parts into two similar halves (mirror images) by a single plane of symmetry
A
bilateral symmetry
(cat, cow)
4
Q
anterior
A
nearer the front, especially situated in the front of the body, near the head
5
Q
posterior
A
further back in position, of or nearer the rear end
6
Q
dorsal
A
of, on, or relating to the upper side or back of an animal
7
Q
ventral
A
relating to the front of the body, towards the belly
8
Q
medial
A
situated near the median plane of the body, or the midline of an organ ><
9
Q
lateral
A
situated outwards of the midline <>
10
Q
Transverse plane
A
11
Q
frontal plane
A
12
Q
sagittal plane
A
13
Q
proximal
A
14
Q
distal
A
15
Q
label the most identifiable parts of animal cells from top to bottom
A
- nuclear membrane
- nucleus
- nucleolus
- cytoplasm
- plasma membrane
16
Q
what are the four categories of animal tissues
A
- epithelial
- connective
- muscle
- nervous
17
Q
______ tissue covers the body
A
epithelial tissue
18
Q
______ tissue lines cavities
A
epithelial tissue
19
Q
______ tissue forms glands
A
epithelial tissue
20
Q
______ tissue covers all surfaces of the body
A
epithelial tissue
21
Q
A
simple epithelium squamous cells
(slide)
- one cell thick
- lines circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems
22
Q
A
simple epithelium columnar cells
(slide)
- one cell thick
- lines circulatory, respiratory, urinary, reproductive systems
23
Q
A
stratified epithelium squamous
- bottom line = basal layer
- top line = stratified squamous layer
- several layers thick
- found mostly in the skin
24
Q
______ tissue supports and strengthens other tissues
A
connective tissue
25
______ tissue binds cells of other tissues into coherent structures
connective tissue
- skin or muscle
26
a large portion of ______ tissue consists of fluid containing proteins
connective
27
hyaline cartilage
28
______ consists of widely spaced cells
surrounded by a thick, nonliving
matrix composed of collagen, flexible, but can snap if bent too far
cartilage
29
lacunae are
are spaces in which bone cells are present
30
chondrocytes function
are responsible for cartilage formation
31
label from left to right leaving the bottom right for 3rd
elastic cartilage
1. lacunae
2. elastic fibers
3. chondrocytes
32
______ resembles cartilage, but its matrix is hardened by deposits of calcium phosphate
bone
33
label each number
1. compact bone
2. spongy bone
3. spongy bone
4. osteocyte within lacuna
5. vessels in haversian canal
6. compact bone
7. haversian system
8. periosteum
34
osteocytes are
are one of four kinds of bone cells
(osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone lining cells)
35
lamella function + where it's found
gives bone its compact hardness and rigidity,
located around the haversian canal
36
haversian canals are
are a series of tubes around a narrow channel formed by lamellae
37
______ ______ are found in the bone and provide oxygen and nutrients to the bone
haversian canals
38
______ are the narrow microscopic canals that are found in between the lucunae of the bone cells
canaliculi
39
label slide and label arrows from top to bottom
bone
1. haversian canal
2. lamella
3. osteocytes in lacunae
4. canaliculi
40
______ ______ is made up of fat cells that are modified for long-term energy storage
adipose tissue
- insolation for animals
- a connective tissue
41
______ is a structure inside the cell that is surrounded by a single membrane called the tonoplast, this structure usually contains fluid
vacuole
42
label left to right and name slide
adipose tissue
1. nucleus
2. adipose cells (oil filled vacuoles)
43
______ ______ tissue is most abundent and flexible
loose connective tissue
44
______ ______ tissue connects, supports, and surrounds other tissue types
loose connective tissue
45
collagen is
the main structural protein found in the bodies various connective tissues
46
______ are a type of cell that contribute to the formation of connective tissue
fibroblasts
47
label from top to bottom and name slide
loose connective tissue
1. elastic fibers (dark)
2. collagen fibers (light)
48
what kind of tissue only goes in the direction in which the collagen fibers are arranged
dense/loose connective tissue
- tendons ligaments
- stretching this tissue in a way that the collagen fibers do not go can result in tearing of the tissue
49
label and name slide
dense connective tissue
1. nuclei of fibroblasts
- fibroblasts help to form connective tissue
50
erythrocytes are
are also known as red blood cells
- there job is to carry oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies
51
leukocytes are
are also known as white blood cells
- there job is to protect the body from viruses, bacteria, and parasites
52
______ are small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding
platelets
53
label from left to right
1. leukocytes (white blood cells)
2. erythrocytes (red blood cells)
54
label + function
a type of white blood cell specialized in seeking out & ingesting foreign bacterial cells & dead host cells
55
this is
basophil, a white blood cell that specializes in inflammatory response of allergic reactions & help blood from clotting inappropriately
56
label + function
a white blood cell specialized in allergic response & defense against parasites
57
what type of white blood cell is this
Lymphocyte, a type of white blood cell that specializes in producing antibodies that recognize & destroy foreign cells
58
Monocyte is
a type of white blood cell that acts as a giant scavenger cell that engulfs bacteria, dead cells, and other cellular debris
59
______ tissue has the ability to contract when stimulated
muscle
60
3 types of muscle tissue are
1. skeletal
2. cardiac
3. smooth
61
label slide and arrows from top to bottom
smooth muscle
1. smooth muscle fibers
2. nuclei
62
______ ______ tissue embedded in the walls of the digestive and respiratory tracts, uterus, bladder, and larger blood vessels
smooth muscle tissue
63
______ ______ tissue produces slow, sustained, involuntary contractions throughout the body
smooth muscle tissue
64
label slide and arrows from top to bottom
cardiac muscle
1. intercalated discs
2. nuclei
65
nuclues
membrane bound organelle that contains the cells chromosomes (and, therefor, DNA)
66
intercalated discs are
a cell membrane of a muscle cell, which acts a barrier between inside and external components
67
striations are
a series of ridges, furrows or linear marks
68
name slide and label arrows from top to bottom
skeletal muscle
1. nucleus
2. muscle fiber striations
69
what specific tissues are spontaneously active, not under conscious control
cardiac muscle and smooth muscle
- located in the heart
70
______ ______ is stimulated by the nervous system and under voluntary, or conscious (sometimes), control
skeletal muscle
71
______ tissue produces & conducts electrical signals
nervous tissue
72
the ______ ______ makes up brain, spinal cord & nerve cells (neurons) that travel to all parts of the body
nervous tissue
73
______ are specialized to generate electrical signals
nuerons
they also conduct these signals to other neurons, muscles, or glands
74
______ cells surround, support,
insulate & protect neurons
glial cells
75
label slide and arrows from top to bottom
nervous tissue
1. glial cells
2. cell body of neuron
3. nucleus
4. cytoplasmic extensions
76
dendrites do what for what kind of cell
collects and stores all incoming information, they're a part of the structure of a neuron
77
axons function
electrical impulses that travel from the neuron to be received by other neurons
78
the synaptic terminal
transmits chemical messages and release neurotransmitters onto other cells
79
glial cells are
a type of cell that provides physical and chemical support to neurons and maintain their environment
80
label each part correctly
1. dendrites
2. cell body
3. neurofibrils
4. node of ranvier
5. axon terminals
6. axon
7. schwann cell
8. nucleus
9. nucleolus
81
what types of connective tissue are there
- loose (areolar) connective tissue
- dense fibrous connective tissue
- adipose tissue
- elastic connective tissue
- cartilage
- blood
- bone
82
what types of muscle tissue are there
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
83
which connective tissue provides the most rigid support
bone
84
what type of leukocyte is most prominent in the body
neutrophil
85
what type of leukocyte is the least prominent in the body
basophil
86
what blood cell is most numerous in the body
erythrocytes
87
what blood cell is least numerous in the body
leukocytes
88
tendons and ligaments are composed of what kind of tissue
dense connective tissue
89
which type of connective tissue stores lipids
adipose tissue
90
whats an example of an epithelial tissue designed to keep things out of the body
stratified squamous epithelium,
the skins outer later.
91
dendrites function + where it's found
dendrites are a part of neurons, they receive all incoming information of the neuron cell
92
axon function
found in neurons,
axons send the neurons electrical impulses to other neurons
93
nucleus function
cells control center and stores genetic information
