lecture week 1/homework 1

Question 1

What is the major difficulty in defining life?

Answer 1

Living and nonliving systems are likely to share characteristics.

Question 2

The general feature of life known as reproduction includes

Answer 2

heredity and variation

Question 3

What makes the molecules that characterize living things unique to living things?
1. Chemical bonds present
2. Atoms present
3. Large size
4. Complex structure

Answer 3

large size, complex structure

Question 4

Heredity, variation, and organic evolution guide the study of
______ from the simplest forms to the most complex.

Answer 4

life, biology, or organisms

Question 5

Possessing an ability to conduct basic functions such as reproduction, _____ are considered to be the smallest units of the biological hierarchy.

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

name hierarchical organization in ascending order

Answer 6

macromolecules, cells, organisms, populations, species

Question 7

While only living things reproduce, it is possible for material that could never have been considered living to
1. metabolize
2. contain DNA
3. replicate

Answer 7

replicate

Question 8

What are the defining features of living systems?

Answer 8

chemical uniqueness
complexity
hierarchical organization
reproduction (heredity and variation)
genetic program
metabolism
development
environmental interaction
movement

Question 9

Living systems assemble large, complex molecules known as

Answer 9

macromolecules; biomolecules

Question 10

true or false
Living systems can be distinguished from non-living systems by their patterns of complex organization at both the chemical and cellular level.

Answer 10

true

Question 11

The basic unit of living systems is the

Answer 11

cell

Question 12

What is the major difficulty in defining life?
1. Living and nonliving systems are likely to share characteristics.

2. It is impossible to find characteristics that all living things share.
3. Not all living things are capable of evolution.

Answer 12

1

Question 13

New characteristics in a biological hierarchy are influenced by
1. properties of lower level components.

2. properties of higher level components.
3. properties of both lower an higher level components.

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What makes the molecules that characterize living things unique to living things?

Large size

Complex structure

Chemical bonds present

Atoms present

Answer 14

complex structure

Question 15

Living things are have an organization that can be subdivided into levels. This is known as a complex ______ organization.

Answer 15

hierarchical

Question 16

Although nonliving material, such as chemicals that form crystalline structures, can replicate itself, only living things can _____

Answer 16

reproduce

Question 17

Which of the following do cells represent?
1. The basic units of living systems.

2. Completely autonomous structures.
3. The smallest living component for which replication occurs.

Answer 17

1 and 3

Question 18

When new characteristics arise at a level of the biological hierarchy, they are known as ______ properties.

Answer 18

emergent properties

Question 19

What are the characteristics of the genetic program of living things?

Answer 19

The code provides fidelity of inheritance.

It encodes protein structure.

It encodes the structures necessary for functioning.

It encodes the structures necessary for development.

Question 20

The amino acids that make up protein structure are specified by the order of bases in DNA. This relationship is known as the _____

Answer 20

genetic code

Question 21

Life does not arise spontaneously, but comes from previous life. This process is known as

Answer 21

reproduction or biogenesis

Question 22

The digestion of the food particle by an amoeba constitutes the characteristic of life known as

Answer 22

metabolism

Question 23

The study of metabolic functions is called

Answer 23

physiology

Question 24

true or false
Only complex organisms show development and differentiation.

Answer 24

false

Question 25

For most living things, _____ stores genetic information

Answer 25

DNA

Question 26

The egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages of an insect illustrate the existence of this process.

Answer 26

metamorphosis

Question 27

Cellular respiration is an example of this property of life.

Answer 27

metabolism

Question 28

Physiology includes the study of

Answer 28

organs. organ systems. tissues.

Question 29

The passage of an individual through different stages of the life cycle is the property of life that is known as

Answer 29

development

Question 29

The study of organismal interaction with an environment is called

Answer 29

ecology

Question 30

The transformation from one life stage to another is a developmental process known as

Answer 30

metamorphosis

Question 31

All living organisms are subject to the basic natural laws of

Answer 31

physics and chemistry

Question 32

Which are examples of eukaryotes?

Answer 32

Animals Plants Fungi

Question 33

Requiring the generation of multiple, working hypotheses or predictions to a question that is asked is the _________ _________ method, or scientific method.

Answer 33

hypothetic deductive method

Question 34

Living things are governed by the laws that govern energy and its transformations, which are known as laws of

Answer 34

thermodynamics

Question 35

The goal of testing hypotheses of proximate causes is to test

Answer 35

mechanistic explanations

Question 36

Eukaryotes are defined by the possession of a membrane-bound

Answer 36

nucleus

Question 37

Which are essential characteristics of science? Its conclusions are permanent. It is testable. It is explanatory. It is falsifiable. It is guided by human laws.

Answer 37

it is testable it is explanatory it is falsifiable

Question 38

Darwin's theory of __________ and the _________ theory of inheritance are the major factors that guide zoology today.

Answer 38

evolution chromosomal

Question 39

the scientific method is also called

Answer 39

the hypothetico-deductive method

Question 40

Who recorded his theory of natural selection in the book On the Origin of Species?

Answer 40

charles darwin

Question 41

Hypotheses of proximate causes are investigated using the

Answer 41

experimental method

Question 42

what are the theories included in Darwinism?

Answer 42

1. perpetual change 2. common descent 3. multiplication of species 4. gradualism 5. natural selection

Question 43

Which two are the major paradigms that guide current zoological research?

Answer 43

Theory of evolution Chromosomal theory of inheritance

Question 44

Articulated in his book titled On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, ________ _________'s theory of natural selection is paramount to biology.

Answer 44

charles darwin

Question 45

define embryology

Answer 45

study of embryos & their development (embryo - initial stage of development in an animal cell)

Question 46

zygote

Answer 46

fertilized egg cell as a result of the union of a female gamete (egg or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)

Question 47

gametogenesis

Answer 47

production of egg or sperm cells

Question 48

blastopore

Answer 48

the opening by which the cavity of the gastrula, an embryonic stage in animal development, communicates with the exterior

Question 49

archenteron

Answer 49

hollow tube created by the arrangement of invaginated cells in the gastrula; embryonic precursor to the gut

Question 50

organogenesis

Answer 50

differentiation of organ tissues