Lab Finial Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
normal % of neutrophils in WBC diff
A
40-60%
2
Q
normal % of band neutrophils in WBC diff
A
0-3%
3
Q
normal % of lymphocytes in WBC diff
A
20-40%
4
Q
normal % of monocytes in WBC diff
A
2-8%
5
Q
normal % of eosinophils in WBC diff
A
1-4%
6
Q
normal % of basophils in WBC diff
A
0.5-1%
7
Q
normal WBC count
A
4500- 11000
8
Q
normal plt count
A
150000 to 450000
9
Q
diagnosis:
- increased monocytes
A
monocytosis
10
Q
monocytosis PBS findings
A
- increased monocytes
11
Q
diagnosis:
- increase in band neutrophils/ immature neutrophils
- nRBCs
- increased WBC count
- codocytes
- microcytic
A
left shift
12
Q
PBS findings of left shift (5)
A
- increase in band neutrophils/ immature neutrophils
- nRBCs
- increased WBC count
- codocytes
- microcytic
13
Q
what are the stages of WBCs from yongest to oldest
A
- myeloblast
- promyelocyte
- myelocyte
- metamyelocyte
- band
- leukocyte
14
Q
describe the cytoplasm of myeloblast
A
diffused
15
Q
describe the color of myeloblast
A
basophilic
16
Q
describe the granules in myeloblast
A
agranular
17
Q
t or f: myeloblast will have nucleoli
A
T
18
Q
describe the granules in promyelocytes
A
primary granules present
19
Q
who has more cytoplasm myeloblast or promyelocytes
A
promyelocytes
20
Q
describe the color of promyelocytes
A
extremely basophilic
21
Q
describe the granules in myelocytes
A
secondary granules present
22
Q
what is the 1st WBC stage that you can see differentiating granules
A
myelocyte
23
Q
what WBC stage has a kidney shaped nucleus
A
metamyelocyte
24
Q
what WBC stage is proliferation over
A
metamyelocyte
25
how can you distinguish between a leukomoid rxn and leukemia
LAP stain
- leukemoid rxn are pos and leukemias are neg
26
diagnosis:
- increase in eosinophils
asthma attack
27
asthma attack PBS findings
increase in eosinophils
28
diagnosis:
- hyposegmentatioon of nucleus in neutrophils
pelger huet anomaly
29
peger huet anomaly PBS findings
hyposegmentatioon of nucleus in neutrophils
30
what will the nucleus of a homozygous pelger Huet anomaly
1 lobe
31
what will the nucleus of a heterozygous pelger Huet anomaly
bilobe
32
how is pelger huet anomaly inherited
autosomal dominant
33
what is mutated with pelger huet anomaly
lamin b receptor
34
In what cell do you see toxic granulation
only neutrophils
35
diagnosis:
- large, dark granules in all WBCs
- codocytes
- hypochromic
- echinocyte
alder Reilly anomaly
36
alder Reilly anomaly PBS findings (4)
- large, dark granules in all WBCs
- codocytes
- hypochromic
- echinocyte
37
how is alder Reilly anomaly inherited
rare autosomal recessive disorder
38
what causes alder Reilly anomaly
can't breakdown mucopolysaccharides so they accumulate in lysosomes
39
can WBCs function properly in alder Reilly anomaly
yes
40
diagnosis:
- increase WBC count
- could see vacuoles as body responds to pathogen
- pos LAP stain
leukemoid rxn
41
leukemoid rxn PBS findings (3)
- increase WBC count
- could see vacuoles as body responds to pathogen
- pos LAP stain
42
diagnosis:
- increase in lymphs (reactive)
infectious mononucleosis
43
infectious mononucleosis PBS findings (1)
- increase in lymphs (reactive)
44
what virus causes infectious mononucleosis
Epstein barr virus
45
diagnosis:
- WBC inclusions (uniform basophilia)
- sepsis
yeast infection
46
yeast infection PBS findings (2)
- WBC inclusions (uniform basophilia)
- sepsis
47
what is a frequent yeast species that causes sepsis
Candida albicans
48
diagnosis:
- WBC inclusions (cresent shaped inclusion)
- sepsis
histoplasmosis
49
histoplasmosis PBS findings (2)
- WBC inclusions (cresent shaped inclusion)
- sepsis
50
what organism causes histoplasmosis
histoplasma capsulatum
51
what area is histoplasma capsulated found
- caves
- bat & bird droppings
52
what form will histoplasma capsulatum be in the environment
mold
53
what form will histoplasma capsulatum be in the body
yeast
54
who is likely to be infected with histoplama capsulatum
immunocompromised pt
55
diagnosis:
- increase in lymph/immature lymphs
- increased WBC count
- TdT stain pos
- thrombocytopenia
- ALL
56
ALL PBS findings (4)
- increase in lymph/immature lymphs
- increased WBC count
- TdT stain pos
- thrombocytopenia
57
who is likely to get ALL
kids
58
who is likely to get B cell ALL
boys
59
what kind of ALL do teenagers get
T cell ALL
60
what subtype of ALL has small blast with thin rim of cytoplasm
L1 (pre-B)
61
what are the translocations for L1 ALL (3)
- t(12;21)
- t(1;19)
- t(9;22)
62
what subtype of ALL has wavy clefts in nucleus
L2 (T cell)
63
what is the translocation of L2 ALL
t (9;22)
64
what subtype of ALL has vacuolations and affects mostly black kids
L3 (burkett lymphoma)
65
what is the translocation of L3 ALL
t (8;14)
66
diagnosis:
- see all stages of WBCs
- 5-19% blast
- BCR-ABL mut
- t (9;22)
CML
67
CML PBS findings (four)
- see all stages of WBCs
- 5 to 19% blast
- BCR-ABL mut
- t (9;22)
68
what is it called in CML when you can see all stages of WBCs
rainbow effect
69
what are the stages of CML
chronic--> accelerated --> blast phase
70
what can CML turn into if not treated
AML
71
Diagnosis:
- more than 20% blast
- increased WBC count
- MPO and SBB pos
AML
72
AML PBS findings:(3)
- more than 20% blast
- increased WBC count
- MPO and SBB pos
73
what subtype of AML?
- 5% of AMLs
- can't diff without flow cytometry
M0
74
what subtype of AML?
- 20% of AMLs
- no maturation
-myeloblast
M1
75
what subtype of AML?
- 30% of AMLs
- myeloblast with Auer rods and granulation
M2
76
what subtype of AML?
- 7% of AMLs
- promyelocytes
M3
77
what subtype of AML?
- myeloid and monoblast increase
M4
78
what subtype of AML?
- all monoblast
M5
79
what subtype of AML?
- rbc precursors (pronormoblast)
M6
80
what subtype of AML?
- megakaryoblast
M7
81
diagnosis:
- increase in lymphocytes and smudge cells
- thrombocytopenia
- increase WBC count
CLL
82
CLL PBS findings (3)
- increase in lymphocytes and smudge cells
- thrombocytopenia
- increase WBC count
83
diagnosis:
- increased lymphocytes with hairy projections
- Howell-jolly bodies
hairy cell leukemia
84
hairy cell leukemia PBS findings (2)
- increased lymphocytes with hairy projections
- Howell-jolly bodies
85
diagnosis:
- increase in promyelocytes
- promyelocytes can be hyper or hypo granular
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
acute promyelocytic leukemia
86
acute promyelocytic leukemia PBS findings (4)
- increase in promyelocytes
- promyelocytes can be hyper or hypo granular
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
87
what mutation inhibits promyelocyte development (APL)
RARA
88
diagnosis:
- myeloid and mono blast increase
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
acute myeloid leukemia (M4)
89
acute myeloid leukemia (M4) PBS findings (3)
- myeloid and mono blast increase
- increased WBC count
- greater than 20% blast in BM
90
how is chediak higashi inherited
autosomal recessive
91
what gene is mutated in a chediak higashi syndrome
lyst-1
92
what is the function of lyst-1 gene
trafficking of lysozomes
93
t or F: people with chediak higashi syndrome are usually albinos
T
94
diagnosis:
- big granules in all WBCs
- thrombocytopenia/plt clumps
- codocytes
chediak higashi syndrome
95
chediak higashi syndrome PBS findings (3)
- big granules in all WBCs
- thrombocytopenia/ plt clumps
- codocytes
96
can WBC function properly in chediak higashi syndrome
no
97
how long do people live with chediak higashi syndrome
die very young
98
plasma cell lymphoma PBS findings? (3)
- rouleaux
- plasma cells
- anemia
99
disease?
- rouleaux
- plasma cells
- anemia
plasma cell lymphoma
100
what is the most severe form of plasma cell lymphoma
multiple myeloma
101
disease?
- flower/folded shaped nucleus in T cells
T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
102
T cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) PBS findings (1)
- flower/folded shaped nucleus in T cells
