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Su24 > Lab mid: terminology > Flashcards

Lab mid: terminology Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Surface Tension,

A

Measure of difficulty breaking through the film that forms on the surface of a drop or pond of water. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for this.

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2
Q

Hydrogen

A

Atomic number of 1. Used in covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. Has a low affinity for electrons.

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3
Q

Oxygen

A

Attracts shared electrons more strongly than hydrogen. Used in covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds. Atomic # of 8

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4
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

A weak bond between water molecyles that gives water unique properties.

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5
Q

Control

A

The variable used as a base, variable with no changes to it.

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6
Q

Independent Variable

A

The variable that is changed in the experiment.

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7
Q

Dependent Variable

A

The variable that is dependent on the change, the outcome.

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8
Q

pH

A

A measure of acidity or basicness to a solution. How many H+ or OH- molecules are in a solution.

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9
Q

H+

A

The more H+ in a solution, the more acidic it is.

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10
Q

OH-

A

The more OH- in a solution, the more basic it is.

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining stability.

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12
Q

Buffer

A

A solution used to maintain pH at a constant value.

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13
Q

Acid/Conjugate Base

A

Base that is formed when an acid loses its H+.

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14
Q

Benedict’s Reagent

A

Testing for simple sugars or monosaccharides. Blue = negative, reddish orange = positive. Greenish = weak positive

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15
Q

Biuret’s Reagent

A

Testing for peptide bonds in proteins. Light Blue = negative, Dark purple = positive

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16
Q

Iodine-potassium Iodine

A

Detects larger carbohydrates called starches. Amber/Dark Brown = Negative, Black/Blue = Positive

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17
Q

Sudan IV Solution

A

Detects presence of lipids. Yellow-pink = negative, Strong red = positive.

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18
Q

Potato Flake Solution

A

Solution used to test Benedict’s and Iodine-Potassiumiodine

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19
Q

Honey Water

A

Solution used to test Benedict’s solution

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20
Q

Water

A

Used as a control to test all solutions.

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21
Q

Sucrose Solution

A

Solution used to test Benedict’s and Iodine-Potassiumiodine

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22
Q

Disposable Pipettes

A

Disposable plastic pipettes used in different solutions so there is no cross contamination.

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23
Q

Glucose Solution

A

Used in Benedict’s, Iodine-Potassiumiodine, and Sudan IV

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24
Q

Grease Pencil or Marker

A

Used for marking test tubes and microscope slides.

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25
(12) 15 mL glass test tubes
Test tubes used for experiments.
26
Albumin Solution
Used in Biuret's
27
Starch Solution
Used in Biuret's
28
Test Tube Rack
A metal rack that holds all of the test tubes used in an experiment.
29
Total Magnification
The highest magnification power of the objective lenses.. White 100x = 1000x Magnification Power.
30
Resolving Power
The resolving power of an objective lens is measured by its ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object
31
Parfocal
When the object remains in focus when you switch to another power lense.
32
Field of View
Portion of the slide when is visible when looking through the microscope.
33
Nucleus (Including Chromatin, Nuclear Envelope, and Nuclear Pores)
Chromatin: how DNA is stored when the cell is not dividing. Envelope: The doble phospholipid bilayer. Pores: Embedded in the envelope and allow for substances to leave the nucleus.
34
Nucleolus
Where ribosomes and mRNA are made.
35
rER
Where proteins are sorted and packaged to transport to the golgi.
36
sER
Produces lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium.
37
Central Vacuole
In PLANT CELLS. Where they store food, water, waste, proteins, sugars, ect. We don't need this because we are constantly eating.
38
Lysosome
Contain digestive enzymes to break down cell waste and decomposed parts.
39
Free and Fixed Ribosomes
Free ribosomes are in the cell and make products that are used in the cell, fixed ribosomes are on the rER and make proteins to be sent and used outside of the cell.
40
Mitochondrion
The site of cellular respiration.
41
Golgi Apparatus
Where proteins are further sorted and packaged to go to their final destinations inside or outside of the cell. Recieving end is the trans face and shipping end is the cis face.
42
Centrosome with Centrioles
Centrosome contains a pair of centrioles and it is called the 'microtubule organizing center'. They organize microtubules and act as anchor points to give an axis to the cell. In a dividing cell, they guide things to where they need to be.
43
Peroxisome
Produce H2O2 and break it down with catalase.
44
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules. Anchoring, movement, and structure for cell.
45
Cell Wall
Plant and bacteria cells. Act as structural and protection for the cells.
46
Plasma Membrane
On all cells, holds in cytoplasm. Allows for proteins, sugars, lipids to travel in and out of the cell with active or passive transport.
47
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Jelly like solution inside the cell that the organelles sit in.
48
Bacteria
Type of PROKARYOTIC cell.
49
Nucleoid
Region in a bacteria cell where DNA is stored.
50
Staphlo-
Clusters
51
Strepto-
Chain
52
Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)
Rod
53
Coccus (pl. Cocci)
Round
54
Gram Positive
Means it has a cell wall of up to 90% peptidoglycan. Will remain purple.
55
Gram Negative
Have only about 20% peptidoglycan and a second membrane composed of phospholipids called lipopolysaccharide. This will wear down from the alcohol and cause the bacteria to be stained pink/red.
56
Peptidoglycon
Wall layer around bacteria cells, meshwork of proteins and carbohydrates.
57
Lipopolysaccharide
2nd outer layer of gram negative bacteria. Composed of fats and sugars.
58
Crystal Violet
1st stain in gram stain test.
59
Mordant Iodine
2nd stain in gram stain test.
60
Decolorizer
3rd stain in gram stain test. Contains alcohol which breaks the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria.
61
Safranin
4th stain in gram stain test.
62
Microorganism
Organisms of microscopic size.
63
Cell Wall
On plant and bacteria cells.
64
Aseptic Technique
Method involving procedures under controlled conditions to reduce contamination.
65
Homeostasis
Stability within the cell.
66
Cytoplasm
Substance inside a cell that organelles sit in.
67
Interstitial Fluid/Interstitum
Fluid found in spaces around cells.
68
Phospholipid Bilayer
The structure of the plasma membrane and many other organelles.
69
Inorganic
Not containing carbon
70
Organic
All compounds containing carbon.
71
Semipermiable
Only certain molecules can pass.
72
Concentration Gradient
The difference in the amount of a particular substance inside and outside of a cell.
73
Equilibrium
Equal amounts of substance inside and out of a cell.
74
Diffusion
Movement of substances down the gradient from high concentration to low. Passive transport.
75
Osmosis
Movement of water down its concentration gradient across the membrane.
76
Isotonic
Extracellular solution is the SAME concentration as the cytoplasm.
77
Hypertonic
Extracellular solution is MORE concentrated than the cytoplasm.
78
Hypotonic
Extracellular solution is LESS concentrated than the cytoplasm.
79
Hemolysis
When an animal cell swells and bursts from a hypotonic solution.
80
Crenation
When an animal cell shrivles from a hypertonic solution.
81
Enzyme
Catalysts for chemical reactions, lower activation energy.
82
Catalyst
They increase the rate of chemical reactions.
83
Activation Energy
The initial energy input. The 'barrier' is high without an enzyme.
84
Reactant
A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction, and is changed as the chemical reaction proceeds
85
Product
The outcome of the chemical reaction.
86
Substrate
Reactants that lock into active sites of an enzyme.
87
Denature
The unfolding or breaking up of a protein due to things like pH change, temperature change, and salt concentration.
88
Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration.
89
Cellular Respiration
Aerobic respiration.
90
Aerobic
With oxygen.
91
Anaerobic
Without oxygen.
92
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
93
Pyruvic Acid
Supplies energy to cells through the citric acid cycle when oxygen is present.
94
Acetyl-CoA
CoA (Coenzyme A) can carry an acetyl group, a breakdown product of glucose, to form Acetyl-CoA
95
Krebs Cycle
The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.
96
Glycolysis
A glucose-catabolizing process that releases enough free energy to drive ATP synthesis.
97
Electron Transport Chain
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
98
Chemiosmosis
The movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, similar to osmosis of water.

Su24 (20 decks)

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