Test 1 Study guide Flashcards
(301 cards)
1
Q
What is the smallest unit of matter,
A
atom
2
Q
All individuals of a given species living in an area at a defined time are a ______,
A
population
3
Q
The process by which the sun’s energy is trapped by plants as the source of energy,
A
Photosynthesis
4
Q
Do human cells have a cell membrane?,
A
yes
5
Q
Does Bacteria have DNA,
A
yes
6
Q
What structure controls what enters and leaves the cell,
A
membrane
7
Q
What structure contains the “instructions” on how the cell functions,
A
DNA
8
Q
What kind of cell doesn’t have DNA in the nucleus and is typically very small,
A
Prokaryotic
9
Q
What kind of cell has DNA in the nucleus and an enclosed membrane,
A
Eukaryotic
10
Q
What are 2 things the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells have in common,
A
Cell membrane and DNA
11
Q
What 4 things contribute to DNA being the blueprint for life,
A
- All cells have DNA
- DNA can be replicated and passed on
- DNA can be modified over time, allowing adaptation
- DNA translates into physical traits
12
Q
In DNA the _______ face towards the inside of the twisted ladder,
A
nitrogenous pairs
13
Q
Cytosine pairs with _____,
A
Guanine
14
Q
Adenine Pairs with ___,
A
Thymine
15
Q
The organisms within domain Eukarya have ______ cells,
A
eukaryotic
16
Q
order of classification from most general to most specific,
A
Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species
17
Q
A group of college students order a pizza with mushrooms, ham, and pineapple. The mushrooms belong to the kingdom ________,
A
fungi
18
Q
The organisms found within domain Bacteria have _______ cells,
A
prokaryotic
19
Q
Which of the kingdoms contains primarily multicellular, larger-celled, photosynthetic organisms?,
A
Plante
20
Q
Some members of a species have a genetic change that causes them to be better suited to their environment. These members survive to reproduce and pass these genetic changes to their offspring. This is,
A
Adaptation, natural selection, the driving force for evolution
21
Q
T/F Unequal reproductive success leads to evolution of adaptations in populations,
A
TRUE
22
Q
T/F The members of a population that are best suited for their environment will live long enough to pass on their genes (traits) to their offspring,
A
TRUE
23
Q
In an experiment, the outcomes that will be recorded (data) or the variable that changes because of the experiment is the,
A
dependent variable
24
Q
A proposed explanation for a set of observations is a(n),
A
hypothesis
25
A scientist is performing an experiment on a group of four mice to test a new artificial sweetener. Each mouse is given a different amount of sweetener. Which mouse is considered to be the control,
The mouse given no sweetener
26
What kingdom(s) contain multicellular organism that ingest their food,
Animalia
27
List the classification levels of an organism going from largest groups to the smallest,
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.
28
All living things can be arranged into 'levels with increasing organizational complexity. Biologist refer to this as:,
Hierarchial Organization of life
29
Living organisms are characterized by what 3 characteristics,
adaping to the environment, evolving, and displaying homeostatic mechanisms
30
Are bacteria in domain Eukarya or Prokarya,
Prokarya
31
what domain contanins common advanced plants, animals, and fungi,
Eukarya
32
Is an hypothesis always true,
no
33
Charles Darwin determined the mechanism for evolution by observing what phenomonons (3),
Individuals in a population vary in their traits, Many traits are passed on from parent to offspring, a population can produce more offspring than an environment can support
34
At which level of organization would a protein, such as hemoglobin be placed?,
molecule
35
As complexities increase, new properties that did not exist in lower levels of organization are observed. What is this called?,
Emergent Properties
36
do thoughts require cells?,
yes
37
Is the sun the ultimate source of energy on earth,
yes
38
What is the process by which changes occur in the characteristics of species of organisms over time,
evolution
39
When many similar cells are grouped together, what is formed?,
tissue
40
What term is based on the greek root words for "laws" of "classification",
taxonomy
41
What are composed of multiple organs working together for a common function for the life of an organism,
organ system
42
All Cells have these 4 things,
DNA, Ribsomes, Plasma membrane, Cytoplasm
43
Which is larger, DNA or carbon,
DNA
44
Which is more complex, eukariotic or prokariotic,
Eurkariotic
45
what are the 4 nitrogenous bases,
Adenie, Thymine, Guanine, Cyosine
46
Do humans share genetic code,
no
47
What are teh four kingdoms in domain eukarya,
protista, plante, fungi, animalia
48
Explain the cycle of nutrience,
Sun gives producers (plants) energy, plants give consumers (animals energy), Consumers give decomposers energy when they die, and decomposers give plants energy
49
What is teh general structure of DNA,
Composed of nucleotide which are made of 3 parts; Nitrgeneous base, sugar, and phosphate group
50
What does DNA do,
Make celluar products that direct delvelopment and growth of the organism, Reproduce itself without error, pass hereditary information(genes) from parent ot offspring, be modified over a long period of time to allow evolution
51
What are the 3 domains of life and what kingdom are they in,
Bacteria (Prokariotic), Archaria (Prokariotic), Eukarya (Eukariotic)
52
What is a major feature of the Protista kingdom,
unicellular
53
What is a Scientific Theory,
A hypothesis supported by a large & growing body of evidence and is accepted to be fact
54
Is air matter,
TRUE
55
what charge does proton, neutron, and electrons have
Proton: Positive Neutron: Neutral Electron: Negitive
56
if an atom has an atomic number of 6, how many protons would it have?,
6
57
What atom has 8 protons,
Oxygen
58
Which of the following are cations: Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, An atom has lost electrons, an atom that has gained electrons, carbon,
Na+, Ca2+, An atom that has lost electrons
59
If an atom has 8 electrons, how many would be found on each shelll?,
2 electrons in the first shell and 6 electrons in the outermost shell
60
If an atom has 10 electrons, it would have ___ electrons in the valance shell,
8
61
Identify the cation in the following HCL,
H+
62
Identify the anion in K3PO4,
PO4(3-)
63
Is C6H12O6 polar or nonpolar,
polar
64
Is C24H48 polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
65
Are fat, lipids, and waxes polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
66
Are compounds with alot of o & n polar or nonpolar,
polar
67
Are polar or nonpolar compounds dissolvable in water,
polar
68
Are amino acids and proteins polar or nonpolar,
polar
69
Is sugar polar or non-polar,
polar
70
is water polar or nonpolar,
polar
71
Are solutions dissolvable in oil polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
72
Are compounds with alot of C & H polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
73
What of the following are nonpolar; O=O, H2O, C-C, Fat, Sugar, O2
O=O, C-C, Fat, O2
74
Are hydrogen bonds weak/short-term or strong /long-term,
weak, short-term
75
What is cohesion,
The ability for water to stick (hydrogen bond) to other water molecules
76
What is adhesion,
The ability for water to stick (hydrogen bond) to other molecules
77
What is surface tension,
hydrogen bonding makes it difficult to break through the surface of water
78
It requires a high _____ to change the temperature of water,
Specific heat
79
It takes a long time to boil water (change it from liquid to gas) because it has a high _____.,
heat of vaporization
80
What is the product in the equation: ADP + P --> ATP,
ATP
81
what is the reactant in the equation: C6H12O6 + O2 -> H2O + CO2 + ATP,
C6H12O6 + O2
82
A liquid with a pH of 2 has _____ times _____ H+ than a liquid with a pH of 3,
10x more
83
Which solution has more Hydrogen Ions; one with a pH of 2 or a pH of 12,
2
84
Human tears have a pH of 6; is it acidic or basic,
acidic
85
As pH increases, does H+ concentration increase or decrease,
decrease
86
what is a pH of 10 compared to pH of 7,
1000x more basic
87
Would we expect a lipid like cholesterol to dissolve easily in blood since it is mostly made of water,
No
88
Does NaCl dissolve in water,
Yes
89
Does adding a base such as sodium hydroxide lower the pH of milk?,
no
90
How is an isotope formed?,
gaining or loosing neutrons
91
Do nonpolar bonds form when 2 atoms have different electronegativites?,
no; nonpolar have the same electronegativites
92
Where are protons found in an atom,
nucleus
93
where are neutrons found in an atom,
nucleus
94
Where are electrons found in an atom,
electron cloud
95
What 4 atoms make up the majority of molecules found in an organism,
C, H, O, N
96
Is magnesium a trace element?,
no
97
What is responsible for an atom's characteristics and abiltiy to form bonds,
the position of the electrons
98
The lower the pH, the ____ H+,
more (inverse relation)
99
what is the pH of blood and is it acidic, neutral, or basic,
7.35-7.45, slightly basic
100
what would happen if the pH of blood went outside of the 7.35-7.45 range,
it would denature
101
the enzyme, amylase, works best at a pH of 6.5 but denatures in acidic environments. would we expect it to denature at a pH of 3?,
yes
102
Carbon 14 has 2 extra neutrons, is it considered radioactive?,
yes
103
Do polar molecules have an equal distribution of charge,
no
104
t/f: An overproduction of acid in the stomach can lead to a "tummy ache." It makes sense that a medication containing bicarbonate would be given to someone with this condition.,
TRUE
105
What is the atomic mass of oxygen which has 8 protons and 8 neutrons,
16
106
All elements are trace elements excpet _, _, _, _,
C H O N
107
What difference is there between organic and inorganic compounds?,
All organic compounds have carbon
108
How can you tell something radioactive?
it has extra neutrons
109
How is oxygen imporant to the body,
Vital for cellular respiration
110
How is carbon important to the body,
Building block of organic molecule, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, & nucleic acids
111
Are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids organic or inorganic?,
orgainic
112
How is Hydrogen important to the body,
Key component of water which is a significant portion of the body
113
how is nitrogen important to the body,
Crucial component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins
114
If an atom has an atomic mass of 12 and atomic number of 6 how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have? and what is its net charge,
6 p, 6 n, 6 e, no charge
115
What are valence electrons,
Electrons located in the outermost energy shell of an atom, which determine the atoms reactivity
116
Is carbon (6) reactive,
yes
117
Is helium (2) reactive,
no
118
Is Sodium (11) reactive,
Yes
119
Is Chloride (17) Reactive,
Yes
120
Is Boron (5) reactive,
yes
121
What changes in isotopes?
number of neutrons
122
Is O=O polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
123
Is C(6)-H(1) polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
124
Are fats polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
125
Are sugars polar or nonpolar,
polar
126
Is C-C polar or nonpolar,
nonpolar
127
Is C(6)O2(8) polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
128
Is H2(1)O(8) polar or nonpolar,
polar
129
Is C(6)H4(1) polar or nonpolar,
Nonpolar
130
Is N(7)H2(1) polar or nonpolar,
Polar
131
Does a cation lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the cation in NaCl,
Lose, +, Na
132
Does an anion lose or gain electrons? charge? which is the anion in NaCl,
Gain, -, Cl
133
Acid has ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,
More; less; lower
134
Bases have ______ H+ and ____ OH- causing a ______ pH scale,
Less, more; higher
135
How would adding a buffer bring a soultions pH up?,
The OH- in th ebase would remove the H+ from the solution, increasing the pH
136
Define a chemical element,
A substance that can be broken down into simpler substances via chemical processes
137
what 4 elements make up 96% of the human body?,
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
138
What is the difference btw an element and a compound,
A compound is a mixture of elements, elements are made of atoms
139
what makes up atoms,
Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
140
Explain the processes that result in chemical reaction,
chemical bonds break & the atoms separate & rearrange themselves into new substances w/ new chimcal bonds
141
What is atomic mass,
Protons + neutrons
142
What are the 3 types of chemical bonds, how do they form, and how strong are they,
covalent: strongest, sharing of electrons Ionic: give/take electrons Hydrogen: weakest, bond of hydrogen atoms
143
How is the attraction of electrons related to the polar covalent bonds in water,
Hydrogen is positive and the oxygen is negitive which is why water molecules can bond with other water molecules
144
What is an aqueous soultion? what is a solvent and solute?,
Aqueous: water solution Solvent: dissolving agent Solute: Substance dissolving
145
What is a pH buffer and how does it work,
A soultion of weak acid & base that resists a change in pH following addition of small amounts of a strong base. A buffer can Accept H+ if its pH gets low (weak base role) or donate H+ if the pH gets high (weak acid role)
146
Further the shell from the center, ____ the pull
greater
147
In each shell, electrons are orgainized into _______. There are __ in the first shell and __ in every shell after
orbitals; 2; 4
148
What is electronegativity
an atoms attraction for shared electrons
149
Does H have a strong or weak electronegativity
weak
150
Does N(7) have a strong or weak electronegaitvity
strong
151
Bonds with __ & __ are usually nonpolar
C & H
152
Bonds with __ & __ are usually polar
O & N
153
define endothermic
heat is absorbed to break H bonds
154
Define Exothermic
Heat is released to form H bonds
155
Acid ____ H+ Ions
donates
156
Base ____ H+ ions
accepts
157
Fatty acids are water-soluble. True or False?,
FALSE
158
The specific pH of blood is 7.0. True or False?,
FALSE
159
We would expect testosterone to dissolve in water. True or False?,
FALSE
160
Combining fatty acids and glycerol to make a triglyceride would be an example of catabolism. True or False?,
FALSE
161
If a triglyceride is added to a non-polar solution, we would expect it to completely dissolve. True or False?,
FALSE
162
Ionic bonds are formed when an electron is completely transferred to another atom and an attraction forms. True or False?,
TRUE
163
If two disaccharides undergo dehydration, we will end up with a polysaccharide. True or False?,
FALSE
164
Hydrolysis of lactose yields two monosaccharides. True or False?,
TRUE. Galactose and Glucose
165
If the pH of blood drops to 7.25, an acid like carbonic acid will bring the blood pH back to within normal range. True or False?,
FALSE
166
We would expect prostaglandins (a group of lipid-based substances made in the body) to dissolve in water. True or False?,
FALSE
167
Many amino acids linked together through peptide bonds form polypeptides. True or False?,
TRUE
168
A sugar is found as a structural component of DNA. True or False?,
TRUE
169
The normal pH of blood ranges from 7.35 to 7.45. If the pH of blood fell to pH 7.05, we would expect proteins in the blood to denature. True or False?,
TRUE
170
The enzyme, amylase, is produced by the salivary glands in the mouth. It works best at pH 6.5, but denatures upon entering the acidic environment of the stomach. We would expect it to denature at pH 3. True or False?,
TRUE
171
The more hydrogen ions (H+) a solution has, the lower the pH. True or False?,
TRUE
172
Which monomer correctly matches its polymer?
- Amino Acid = Nucleic Acid
- Monosaccharide = Glycogen
- Polusaccharides = Starch
- Nucleotide = Protein
- Protein = Peptide,
Monomer = Glycogen
173
Animals store carbohydrates in the form of starch. True or False?,
FALSE
174
Large carbon based molecules are termed _____. These are composed of smaller building blocks called _____. These link together to form ______.,
Macromolecules, Monomers, Polymers
175
What is Dehydration Reaction?,
When a bond is formed through the LOSS of a water molecule. (H from one monomer and -OH from another)
176
What is Hydrolisis Reaction?,
When a polymer is broken down by the ADDITION of a water molecule.
177
What are Functional Groups?,
Chemically reactive groups that change hydrocarbons into molecules with a range of useful chemical and physical properties.
178
What are the Functional Groups?
Hydroxyl (OH), Carboxyl (CO OH), Amino (NH2), Phosphate (OPO32-), Methyl (CH3).
179
Which Functional Groups are Polar and Which are Non-Polar?,
Polar: Hydroxyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate
Non-Polar: Methyl
180
Where would the Functional Groups be found?,
Hydroxyl: Alcohol and sugars
Carboxyl: Carboxylic acids, proteins, fatty acids
Amino: Proteins
Phosphate: ATP, Nucleotides
Methyl: DNA
181
What are carbohydrates and theyr monomers and polymers?,
Carbohydrates are energy storage for all organisms. They have single sugar monomers and simple sugar polymers.
182
What 2 functional groups make up carbohydrates?,
Hydroxyl and Carboxyl. (Carbohydrates have hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen).
183
What are monosaccharides?,
They are simple sugars, like Glucose and Fructose. They are the main fuel for cells to work.
184
What are disaccharides?,
Those are 2 monosaccharides linked through DEHYDRATION. Examples are Sucrose (Glucose and Fructose), Maltose (Glucose and Glucose), and Lactose (Galactose and Glucose).
185
What are Polysaccharides?,
2+ monosaccharides that are linked together to form a bigger molecule. Some of the main ones include Starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
186
What are the locations and function of the three main polysaccharides?,
Starch: Located in the plant cells and they are the energy storage in fruits and flowers.
Glycogen: Located in animal liver cells and skeletal muscles, energy storage for animals.
Cellulose: Located in the plant cell wall and are used for structure of the plant.
187
Why can the human digestive system not break down cellulose?,
Because we don't have the enzyme that breaks it down.
188
What are isomers?,
Isomers are two organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different shape and and behave differently. Ex) C6H12O6.
189
What are lipids and their polymer and monomer?,
Lipids are a diverse group of compounds that are primarily made of hydrogen and carbon. They include Triglycerides (neutral fats), phospholipids, waxes, and steroids. THEIR MOST IMPORTANT PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IS MAKING UP A MAJOR COMPONENT OF CELLULAR MEMBRANES. Their polymers are triglycerides and their monomers are fatty acids.
190
What are triglycerides?,
They are three fatty acid chains bound to a glycerol molecule.
191
What are fatty acids?,
They are long hydrocarbon chains that have a carboxyl functinoal group at the end of the molecule. Fatty acid chains vary in length.
192
What is Glycerol?,
3 carbon alcohol (three -OH groups in a single molecule).
193
What are saturated fats?,
When a fatty acid chain has the maximum numbler of Hs attatched. The arrangement makes the fatty acid chain straight and allows it to be packed tightly together. It has single C-C bonds, and are usually solud at room temperatures.
194
What are unsaturated fats?,
These have double bonds, which means the carbons are missing hydrogen atoms. They have a kink to them which prevents them from being tightly packed together. They are usually liquid at room temperature.
195
What are monosaturated and polysaturated unsaturated fats?,
If an unsaturated fatty acid has one double bond, it is monosaturated. If it has more than one double bond, then it is polysaturated.
196
Why are unsaturated fats considered to be the 'good fats'?,
Because they help lower LDL cholestorol levels and reduce risk of heart disease.
197
What is the difference in a stick of margerine vs margerine in spray cans?,
A stick has more saturated fats and liquid has more unsaturated fats.
198
What are phospholipids?,
They are a major component of cell membranes in bacteria and eukaryotes. The structure is similar to triglycerides, but phospholipids have two groups of hydrophilic heads.
199
Describe the structure of a phospholipid. What part is hydrophobic and what part is hydrophilic?,
The heads on phospholipids are polar and hydrophilic, facing out towards the water. In between are hydrophobic tails that are non-polar.
200
What are steroids?,
Steroids are a type of lipid that are made from Cholestorol. They are important to the cell membrane in plants and animals. A lot of important hormones come from steroids. Some examples include estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol. STEROIDS ARE NOT SOLUBLE IN A WATER SOLUTION.
201
What are waxes?,
Waxes are HYDROPHOBIC lipids. They are used in nature as a coating dor items that the organism wants to keep dry inside, such as seeds. Waxes are used as an energy storage source in plankton, some fish, and whales.
202
What are proteins and their polymer+monomers?,
Proteins are the most diverse group of macromolecules. Their monomers are amino acids and their polymers are called polypeptides.
203
How many different amino acids are there?,
There are about 20 different ones that link together and determine different functions of the proteins.
204
Describe the structure of a general amino acid.,
It has a central carbon atom that is bound to a hydrogen atom and 3 functional groups. Those are an amino group, a carboxylic group, and then a side group called r-groups. (R stands for residue).
205
What are the 8 types of proteins and their functions?,
1) Enzyme - speed up the process of chemical reactions. (Ex: Digestive System)
2) Defensive - Protecting against disease. (Ex: Antibiotics)
3) Storage - They store the amino acids (ovalbumin)
4) Transport - Transportinf substances
5) Hormonal - Coordinated organisms activity (insulin)
6) Receptor - Response of cell to chemical stimuli (nerve cells)
7) Contractile + Motor - Movement (cilia flagella - motor. Actin + myosin - contract)
8) Structural - support (keratin, collagen)
206
What are peptide bonds?,
When amino acids are joined by peptide bonds through dehydration synthesis. Peptide bonds are STRONG COVALENT.
207
What is denaturing a protein and how can we do this?,
Denaturing is when the form of the protein is lost, therefore losing its function. This can be done by increasing temperature, change in pH, or increasing salt concentration.
208
What would happen if hemoglobin was denatured?,
It would lose its ability to carry oxygen.
209
What are the 4 levels of the protein structure?,
1) Primary. The order of amino acids in the protein (this step determines the final shape of the protein).
2) Secondary. The basic shape of a large portion of the molecule. Either an alpha helix shape, a beta pleated shape, or a mix.
3) Tertiary. The percice 3-Dimensional structure of the folded protein chain. This is when the R Groups come together.
4) Quaternary. Arrangement of multiple protein chains interacting as a single unit.
210
How does the primary stage determine the secondary and tertiary structures?,
Because the chemical nature of the R groups of amino acids. The form = function.
211
What are nucleic acids and their monomers and polymers?,
Nucleic acids are what carry genetic information for the cell. The polymers are DNA or RNA strands, and the monomers are nucleotides. These are joined by dehydration reactions.
212
What does DNA carry?,
The genetic code that the cell uses to make protein, and control cell development and function.
213
What are the components of a DNA nucleotide?,
Deoxyribose (5 carbon sugar), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
214
What are the nitrogenous bases found in DNA?,
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. (They are bonded together through weak hydrogen bonds).
215
Stretches of DNA are organized into functional units called ___?,
Genes. They hold the informtation to make one or more proteins.
216
What kind of sugar molecule does RNA have?,
A ribose sugar. This means it DOES have the oxygen on carbon.
217
What is mRNA?,
Messenger RNA. It is a single strand complementary copy of DNA.
218
What are transcription and translation?,
Transcription is when the RNA copy is made, and translation is when the mRNA transfers the information from the DNA to direct protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
219
What replaces Thymine in RNA?,
Uracil.
220
What are Pruines?,
Double ringed. Guanine and Adenine. (Pure As Gold).
221
What are Pyrimidines?,
Single ringed. Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
222
What are 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA?,
1) DNA is double strands and RNA is single strands.
2) DNA has thymine, and RNA has uracil.
3) DNA has deoxyribose sugar, and RNA has ribose sugar.
223
What is the maximum number of atoms that carbon can chemically bond?
4
224
T/F The longest chain of carbon atoms in an organic molecule is called the carbon backbone.
TRUE
225
Since carbon has four valence electrons, how many more electrons does carbon need to fill its valence orbit?
4
226
Which of the following is NOT an organic compound? CH4, C6H12O6, H2O, C8H18O
H2O
227
T/F During hydrolysis, water is added to a polymer to break a bond.
TRUE
228
Amino acids are linked together to form proteins. Which reaction would be used?
dehydration
229
Which of the organ systems in the human body would use hydrolysis the most?
digestive
230
What is the structure for Hydroxyl and where is it found
OH, found in sugar and alcohols
231
What is the structure for Carbonyl/Carboxyl and where is it found
Cooh, Found in the acid group amino acids
232
What is the structure for the amino group
NH2, found as the nitrogen group in amino acids
233
what is the structure for Methyl and why is it important
CH3, important in gene expression
234
Which functional group is part of ATP?
Phosphates
235
Which functional group may be found in sugars?
Hydroxyl
236
Which functional groups are found in an amino acid?
carboxyl and amino
237
What is the fomula for carbohydrates
C6H12O6
238
What makes up maltose
glucose + glucose
239
what makes up lactose
glucose + galactose
240
What makes up sucrose
Glucose + fructose
241
What is the reaction used to build a polysaccharide
dehydration synthesis
242
What is the reaction used to break down polysaccharide
Hydrolysis
243
The amino acid is made of a central carbon attached to a hydrogen, a variable ('R') group, and which two functional groups?
Carboxyl & Amino
244
Which structure is the sequence of amino acids
primary structure
245
which structure is the formation of an alpha helix or pleated sheet
secondary structure
246
Which structure is the 3D folding of the chain into a shape
tertiary structure
247
which strucutre has multiple amino acid chains forming a large structure
quaternary structure
248
If a strand of DNA has 30 bases (nucleotides), how many amino acids will it code for?
10
249
Are triglycerides hydrophobic or philic
Phobic
250
Are fatty acids hydrophobic or philic
Phobic
251
Are polar amino acids hydrophobic or philic
Philic
252
Are steroids hydrophobic or philic
Phobic
253
Is cholesterol hydrophobic or philic
Phobic
254
Is estrogen hydrophobic or philic
Phobic
255
Is the phospholipid head hydrophobic or philic
Philic
256
Is glucose hydrophobic or philic
Philic
257
Level of orgainization: what term i used to describe a group of different organisms living in an ecosystem,
community
258
A scientist tests the link between vitamins and lifespan. what is the hypothesis, control, independent variable, and dependent variable
H: Vitamins increase lifespan C: Group without vitamins I: vitamin dosage D: lifespan
259
Is O2(8) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Nonpolar
260
Is Mg(12)Cl2(17) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
ionic
261
Is C(6)H3(1) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Polar
262
Is H2(1)O(8) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Polar (water is always polar)
263
Is C(6)O2(8) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
nonpolar
264
Is FF(9) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Nonpolar
265
Is Ca(20)Cl2(17) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Ionic
266
Is N(7)H3(1) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Polar
267
Is C6(6)H12(1)O6(8) Ionic, polar, or nonpolar
Polar
268
Do polar or nonpolar compounds dissolve in water
Polar
269
Do polar or nonpolar compounds dissolve in oil
nonpolar
270
Which of the following dissolve in fat: Glucose, polar amino acid, NaCl, Nonpolar vitamins
Nonpolar vitamins
271
would an amino acid with a sidechain of NH2 be polar or nonpolar
Polar
272
What is the reactans and products of H+ + OH- = H2O
R: H+, OH- P: H2O
273
If a compound contains CH is it polar or nonpolar
Nonpolar
274
If a compound contains hydrocabons is it polar or nonpolar
Nonpolar
275
If a compound is Ionic is it polar or nonpolar
Polar
276
If a compound shares e- equally is it polar or nonpolar
nonpolar
277
If a compound shares e- unequally is it polar or nonpolar
Polar
278
If a compound contains O and N is it polar or nonpolar
Nonpolar
279
What type of bond is within a water molecule
Covalent
280
What kind of bond is responsible for all unique porperties of water
Hydrogen
281
An isotope of oxygen (16) has a mass of 18 and an atomic number of 8. how many neutrons does it have?
10
282
How many electrons does Carbon (6) have in its valence shell?
4
283
What is an atom called when it losses electrons
cation
284
what is an acid
A substance that increases the concentration of H+ in a soultion and therefore has a low pH
285
is a solution with a pH of 10 acidic or basic
basic
286
Is a solution with a pH of 4 acidic or basic
acidic
287
What is the normal pH of blood
7.35 to 7.45
288
Is pH 9 more acidic or basic than pH 4
more basic
289
How many more times acidic is a soultion with a pH of 2 compoared to pH of 5
x1000
290
How does a buffer neutralize a soultion if its too acidic
it accepts H+
291
What particle determines an atoms chemical behavior
Electron
292
what changes in an isotope
number of neutrons
293
Will butter dissolve in water
No, butter is a fat
294
is a pH of 2 more/less acidic than pH 0? how many times?
less, x100
295
How many different atoms can carbon (6) bond to?
4
296
which element would be more reactive, Mg(12) or Ar(18)
Mg
297
What is Thymine subbed for in RNA
uracil
298
What is the monomer for Nucleic acid
Nucleotides
299
What are monosaccharies, simple sugars, or glucose the monomer for
Carbohydrates
300
What is the monomer for protein
amino acids
301
What are the monomers (2) for Lipids
Glycerol and fatty acids
