Test 2: paper review

Question 1

What is the site of protein synthesis

Answer 1

ribosomes

Question 2

what digests worn-out cell parts and invading bacteria

Answer 2

lysosomes

Question 3

what produces a usable form of energy for the cell

Answer 3

Mitochondrion

Question 4

What transports materials within the cell

Answer 4

vesicles

Question 5

what organelle controls all cell functions

Answer 5

nucleus

Question 6

What makes proteins for transport out of the cell

Answer 6

rER

Question 7

where is the site where ribosomes are made

Answer 7

nucleolus

Question 8

What organelle produces lipids

Answer 8

sER

Question 9

Where is DNA stored

Answer 9

nucleus

Question 10

What is the structure that controls what enters and exits the cell

Answer 10

cell membrane

Question 11

what contains powerful enzymes for detoxification

Answer 11

sER

Question 12

composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Answer 12

membrane

Question 13

do all cells in the human body have a nucleus? Do any have more than 1?

Answer 13

No, red blood cells have none and skeletal muscles have multi

Question 14

Name 2 organelles with double membranes

Answer 14

chloroplast and mitochondrion

Question 15

some cells, such as the neuron, produce protein-based neurotransmitters and use large quantites of ATP to send nervous signals throughout the body. which ORGANELLES would you expect ot find large quantities.

Answer 15

Mitochondrion

Question 16

What does the fluid mosaic model describe the plasma membrane consiting of

Answer 16

diverse proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer

Question 17

most of the functions of a cell membrane, including transport and enzmatic function, are preformed by:

Answer 17

proteins

Question 18

Relaying a message from a membrane receptor to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell occurs when

Answer 18

a signaling molecule binds to a protein that extends to the outside of the cell

Question 19

Plasma membranes are semipermeable. This means:

Answer 19

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others

Question 20

Small, nonpolar, hydrophoic molecules such as fatty acids ______________ thorough a membranes lipid bilayer

Answer 20

easily pass thru the layer

Question 21

Which of the following would have the most trouble crossing through a biological membrane by diffusing through the lipid bilayer?
O2
CO2
Na+
a small nonpolar molecule such as butane

Answer 21

Na+

Question 22

Oxygen crosses the plasma membrane via ______

Answer 22

simple diffusion

Question 23

Is diffusion a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Does diffusion require energy

Answer 24

no

Question 25

does diffusion occur when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concetrated

Answer 25

No

Question 26

Does diffusion occur even after equilibrium is reached and no net charge is apparent?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

Diffusion does not require ATP. therefore atp diffusion is concedered _______ transportation

Answer 27

passive

Question 28

When 2 aqueous solutions that differ in solute concentration are placed on either side of a semipermeable membrane and osmosis is allowed to take place, the water will:

Answer 28

move from the side with lower solute concentration to the side with higher solute concentration

Question 29

Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. the presence of these organelles tells you that the enviroment is:

Answer 29

is hypotonic to the protozoan

Question 30

A cell that has neither a net gain of water nor net loss of water when it is immersed in a solution must be ______ to its environment

Answer 30

isotonic

Question 31

In a hypotonic solution an animal cell will

Answer 31

lyse

Question 32

You are adrift in the Atlantic Ocean and, being thirsty, drink the surrounding seawater. As a result, you ______

Answer 32

dehydrate yourself

Question 33

Facilitated diffusion across a biological membrane requires _______ and moves a substance _______ its concentration gradient

Answer 33

transport proteins; down

Question 34

The molecules responsible for membrane transport are

Answer 34

proteins

Question 35

what do aquaporins do

Answer 35

allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion

Question 36

What moves a solute against its concentration gradient

Answer 36

active transport

Question 37

Which of the following is a typical feature of an ATP-driven acitve transport mechanism The transport protein must cross to the correct side of the membrane before the solute can bind it The trasport protein is irreversibly phosphorylated as transport takes place The transport protein catalyzes the conversion of ADP to ATP The solute moves against the concentration gradient

Answer 37

The trasport protein is irreversibly phosphorylated as transport takes place

Question 38

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which of the processes could be responsible for its secretion

Answer 38

exocytosis

Question 39

The process of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is

Answer 39

phagocytosis

Question 40

Kinetic energy differs from chemical energy in that

Answer 40

kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object, whereas chemical energy is th potenital energy of molecules

Question 41

which law of thermodynamics states energy cannot be created or destroyed

Answer 41

1st

Question 42

Which of the following direct energy transfers is impossible in living systems: Light energy to chemical energy Chem to kinetic Light to potential Heat to light

Answer 42

Heat to light

Question 43

Which of the following processes is endergonic Burning wood synthesis of glucose from CO2 & water Breakdown of glucose Cellular respiration

Answer 43

synthesis of glucose from CO2 & water

Question 44

What is the basic difference btw exergonic and endergonic reactions

Answer 44

exergonic releases energy while endergonic absorbs it

Question 45

Does ATP release energy when one phosphate group leaves it?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

how many phosophate groups make up ATP

Answer 46

3

Question 47

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it ______ the activation energy of the reaction

Answer 47

lowers

Question 48

Substrates bind to an enzymes ____ site

Answer 48

active

Question 49

What are the 4 structures that plant cells have that animal cells do not

Answer 49

cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole

Question 50

What are the 6 structures in the endomembrane system? how are they related

Answer 50

Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes, Vesicles, Membrane, work together to package and transport lipids/proteins

Question 51

4 functions of the smooth ER

Answer 51

synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones, the detoxification of harmful metabolic byproducts and the storage and metabolism of calcium ions within the cell.

Question 52

What are the 2 types of endocytosis

Answer 52

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 53

Name the 3 types of protein fiber in cytoskeleton

Answer 53

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Question 54

What is a fluid mosaic model

Answer 54

The fluid mosaic model explains various characteristics regarding the structure of functional cell membranes

Question 55

What is osmosis

Answer 55

the moement of water down its concentration gradient

Question 56

What is the difference btw exergonic and endergonic? examples?

Answer 56

Exergonic breaksdown molecules while endergonic builds them. Endergonic takes lower potential energy and makes high. Exer takes high potential energy and creates low energy products

Question 57

Is exergonic catabolic or anabolic

Answer 57

catabolic

Question 58

Is endergonic catabolic or anabolic

Answer 58

anabolic