Least Toxic Products Flashcards
(35 cards)
1
Q
What are some ways to determine how toxic something is or can be?
A
- What material is it?
- Dose
- Formulation
- What is the fate of the product in the environment
- what else will it affect?
2
Q
define Biorational:
A
Overall least harmful effects
3
Q
What is a Botanical?
A
- Toxic alkaloids from plants
- Plant based oils
4
Q
What is Pyrethrum?
What clas is it in?
A
- Pyrethrum is a contact insecticide thats made from the flowers of Chrysanthemum’s that are useless for turf applications. Is usually mixed with Rotenone.
- It is a Botanical
5
Q
What is Rotenone?
What class is it in?
A
- It’s an insecticide that is derived from the roots of tropical legumes and is used on leaf feeding beetles and caterpillars.
- EC formulation is very toxic
- Dust has Low toxicity
- BOTANICAL CLASS
6
Q
What is Azadiractin?
What class is it in?
A
- It is an insecticide that is from seed of the Neem tree.
- It’s used as a repellant and growth regulator when ingested.
- Neem Oil
- Low mamalian toxicity
- BOTANICALS
7
Q
what are inorganics?
A
- Soaps and Oils
- Metals and other compounds
8
Q
what is Insecticidal soap?
What class is it in?
A
- Soap made from plant oils that smother and dessicate soft bodied insects
- INORGANICS CLASS
9
Q
What are Horticulture Oils?
What class are they in?
A
- Contact Insecticide made from highly refined petroleum, plant and fish based oils
- Disrupts exoskeleton and sufficates insects
- Used on Ornamentals
- WIll Burn Turfgrass!!
- Except Civitas - It can be used on turf
- INORGANIC CLASS
10
Q
What are Copper and Sulfur?
What Class are they in?
A
- Pesticide used on insects and plants that has a wide range of toxicity depending on the amount of copper in the product. Used on Ornamentals.
- Multi-site toxin with low resistance
- INORGANIC CLASS
11
Q
What are Antimicrobials and their trade names?
A
- Used as Protectant Fungicides and Disinfectant with poor results on turfgrass. Hard on equipment
- Hydrogen Dioxide - Zerotol
- Potassium bicarbonate - Kaligreen
- Dipotassium phosphate - Biophos
12
Q
What do Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) do?
A
- Inhibit growth and development
13
Q
What is Halofenozide?
Trade name?
A
- MACH2
- Insect Growth Regulator that Causes premature and lethal molts (losing skin) on insects.
- Good for grub control and is Low Toxic
14
Q
What are Microbials?
A
- Fungi, Bacteria and Nematodes that aid in the health of plants.
15
Q
What is Beavaria bassiana?
What class?
A
- fungus that lives in the soil and attacks insects of all life stages.
- Called Naturalis T
- Works well on Chinch Bugs
- MICROBIALS
16
Q
What is Trichoderma harzianum?
What class?
A
- A fungus that attacks other Fungus
- Granular formulation for dollar spot control
- Trade names:
- Rootshield
- Turfshield
- MICROBIALS
17
Q
What are Neotyphodium endophytes?
What class?
A
- Lives in Rye and Fescue
- can be added to commercial grass seed
- infected grass is more stress tolerant
- Works well in Turfgrass
- caution - If seed isn’t stored properly, endophyte dies
- MICROBIALS
18
Q
what is Bacillus thuringiensis?
What class?
A
- Most effective Biocontrol agent made
- Sprayable bacterial spore that breaks down in an insects gut.
- There are Host specific strains for different pests
- MICROBIALS
- Non Toxic
19
Q
What is Basilis popillae?
What class?
A
- Bacteria in native soil that causes Milky Spore Disease in Japanese Beetles
- Non Toxic
- Mixed results in turf
- MICROBIALS
20
Q
What is Basilis licheniformis?
What class?
A
- Trade Name: EcoGuard
- A Bacteria used for Anthracnose, Brown Patch, Dollar Spot
- Not great control, but can be used in addition to other fungicides
- MICROBIALS
21
Q
What is Basilis Subtilis?
What class?
A
- Trade Name: Rhapsody, Companion
- to help control brown patch, and pythium blight
- Can be used with other fungicides for synergy
- Needs to be Integrated with other products
- MICROBIALS
22
Q
What are Entomopathogenic nematodes?
What class?
A
- parasites of white grubs that act as an insecticide
- Non Toxic
- MICROBIALS
23
Q
What are Spinosyns?
What class?
A
- Trade Name: Conserve SC
- Insecticides used as a nerve toxin with stomach and contact activity
- MICROBIALS
24
Q
What is Abamectin?
What class?
A
- Trade Name: Avid, Advance
- Toxic of Streptomyces
- very effective insecticide for nematode control in turfgrass
- MICROBIALS
25
What is Glucopyranosyl antibiotic?
What class?
* Steptomycin sulfate
* Sprayed for Bacterial Wilt on Ornamentals
* Cannot use on Turfgrass
* MICROBIALS
26
What is Tetracycline antibiotic?
What class?
* Oxytetracycline
* toxin of streptomyces used as sprayable and injectible formulations for Bacteria
* MICROBIALS
27
What is Polyoxin?
What Class?
* Trade Name: Polyoxin-D
* Single site toxin of Streptomyces
* Used for Insect and Fungi control
* MICROBIALS
28
What is Phenylpyrroles?
What class?
* Trade name: Fludioxonil
* Bacterial toxin used against fungi in turfgrass
* MICROBIALS
29
What is Pseudomonas aureofaciens?
What class?
* Called Spotless, TX-1 and Colony
* Bacteria used as a fungicide used for pythium, dollar spot, brown patch and take-all
* MICROBIALS
30
What are Qoi's?
* Trade Name: Heritage
* Used as fungicide for Pythium or Anthracnose on the golf course
31
Name some traditional Pesticides that can be used as a Biological control?
* Polyoxin-D
* Heritage
* Endorse
32
What is Chlorantraniliprole?
* Trade Name: Acelepryn
* Insecticide that causes insect muscles to leak calcium
33
What is Zerotol?
* a.i. is Hydrogen Dioxide
* Used as a protective fungicide or disinfectant and has poor results in turfgrass
34
Eco Guard
Basilis licheniformis
35
Biotrek
Trichoderma harzianum
