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Fungal/Virology > LEC 16 - Retrovirals II > Flashcards

LEC 16 - Retrovirals II Flashcards

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1
Q

ALV - Envelope proteins

A

gp 85+ 37

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2
Q

ALV - Capsid proteins

A

p27

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3
Q

ALV - Enzymes

A

RT

Integrase

Protease

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4
Q

ALV subgroups that infect chickens?

A

A to E + J

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5
Q

What does ALV cause in chickens?

A

Leukosis

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6
Q

What types of leukosis are seen with an ALV infection?

A

Lymphoid (most common)

Erythroud

Myeloid

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7
Q

What are the three common tumor types that are seen with ALV infections?

A

Fibrosarcomas

Hemangiosarcomas

Nephroblastomas

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8
Q

What methods is ALV transmitted?

A

Horizontally

Vertically

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9
Q

How is ALV transmitted vertically?

A

Hen shed virus to albumen + yolk

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10
Q

What happens to chickens that are infected in the egg?

A

Do not produce neutralizing antibodies

Remain viremic for life

Increased risk of neoplasms

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11
Q

How is ALV transmitted horizontally?

A

Shed in saliva + feces

Close contact

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12
Q

How are baby chickens protected from ALV?

A

Hen can pass antibodies to virus to the yolk sac

Provides passive immunity

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13
Q

What causes cancer to form in ALV infections?

A

Proviral insertion into B cells close to c-myc gene

= B cell transformation

Lymphoid leukosis

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14
Q

What is lymphoid leukosis?

A

A clonal malignancy of B cells

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15
Q

Where does B cell transformation occur with ALV infections?

A

In the intact bursa 4 to 8 weeks after infection

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16
Q

When is there an enhanced lyphoid leukosis?

A

Chickens coinfected with Marek’s disease

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17
Q

How does subclinical ALV infections present?

A

Depressed egg production

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18
Q

What clinical symptoms are seen with ALV infections?

A

Loss of appetite

Weakness

Diarrhea

Dehydration

Emaciation

Enlarged bursa + liver

Pale wattles

Osteopetrosis

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19
Q

Where are nodular tumors commonly seen with ALV infections?

A

Liver

Spleen

Bursa

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20
Q

What occurs secondary to B cell infection of ALV?

A

Immunocompromise

Respiratory disease

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21
Q

BLV - Envelope proteins

A

gp 51 + 30

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22
Q

BLV - Capsid proteins

A

p24

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23
Q

What ensymes are present in BLV?

A

RT

Integrase

Protease

tax

rex

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24
Q

What is the importance of tax + rex?

A

Essential for oncogenesis

Interact with cell cycle regulatory factors result in cell cylce dysregulation + transformation

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25
Who are the common hosts of BLV?
Cattle Dairy \> Beef
26
Disease caused by BLV
Enzootic bovine leukosis aka B cell lymphosarcoma
27
What is the most commone age range to be infected with BLV?
6 months to 3 years
28
How is BLV transmitted?
Horizontal Vertical
29
What method of transmission is most common with BLV?
Horizontal
30
How does horizontal transmission occur with BLV?
Transfer of blood containing infected lymphocytes Biting flies is a possiblity though not 100% sure at this point
31
How does vertical transmission of BLV occur?
Transplacentally Or maybe through colostrum
32
How long does the maternal antibodies protect the calf from BLV infections?
Months
33
How long does the BLV infection last?
Life
34
What is the clinical manesfestation of BLV?
Most are subclinical w/ persistant lymphocytosis Clinical disease = Enlarged LN + GI problems + Decreased appetitie + wt. loss
35
What cancer is most common with BLV? What is the rate of occurance?
5 to 10% Lymphosarcoma
36
What are the four disease stages seen with BLV infections?
Primary Persistant infection Persistant lymphocytosis Tumoral
37
Describe primary infection of BLV
Infection of B cells Flu-like symptoms
38
Describe persistant infection of BLV
Replication of B cells via active immune response Immune dysregulation Most subclincal, with no outward signs of infection
39
What is the immune system dysregulation seen with persistant infection of BLV?
Overexpression of cytokines
40
Describe persistent lymphocytosis infection of BLV?
Continued increased in lymphocytes Increase in opportunistic infections Decrease in milk production
41
Describe tumoral infection of BLV
Transformation of B cells Leads to lymphosarcoma eventually leading to death
42
JSRV aka ...
Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma
43
JSRV - Envelope protein
gp52 + 36
44
JRSV - Enzymes
RT Integrase Protease
45
Host of JRSV?
Sheep
46
How is JSRV transmitted?
\*\*\*occurs before clinical symptoms are seen Inhalation of aerosolized respiratory secretions (Also via colostrum + milk)
47
How long is the incubation period for JSRV?
months to years Longer in older animals
48
Where are the tumors normally located that are related to JSRV infections?
Lungs Associated lymph tissue
49
What are the clinical signs of OPA?
Progressive emaciation Loss of appetite Weight loss Frothy nasal exudate Respiratory compromise Severe dyspnea
50
What is the target cell of JRSV?
type II alveolar cells Non-cilatated bronchial cells
51
What is responsible for inducing cellular transformation in JSRV?
Viral envelope proteins
52
What happens once there is cellular transformation in JSRV in regards to clinical symtpoms?
Excess surfactant produced by cancerous cells = increase in pulmonary fluid Tumor + Necrossis = secondary infections
53
MVV related disease
Ovine Progressive Pneumonia
54
Symptoms of MVV infection
Wasting Respiratory distress Mastitis Secondary infections
55
Common age where MVV infections are seen
4+ years of age
56
How is MVV transmitted?
Pulmonary exudate Colostrum Milk
57
What cell type does MVV target?
Mononuclear WBC's 1. Lymphocytes 2. Monocytes 3. Macrophages
58
What happens when WBC's are infected by MVV?
Lymphoproliferative lesions w/ mononuclear cell infiltration and strong immune response
59
Where are lesions seen with MVV infections?
Lungs Mammary glands Synovial membranes Brain
60
CAEV related disease....
Chronic arthritis
61
What symptoms are seen with CAEV?
Progressive paresis Pneumonia Mastitis Weight loss
62
How is CAEV transmitted?
Colostrum + Milk
63
What is the target cell type of CAEV?
Monocytes Macrophages = lymphoproliferative lesions
64
What are the diagnostics for these viruses?
ELISA IFA AGID PCR - viral genes HIstological examination of tumors

Fungal/Virology (26 decks)

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