Fungal/Virology > LEC 15 - Retrovirals I > Flashcards

LEC 15 - Retrovirals I Flashcards

(73 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Retroviral Characteristics

A

Enveloped

diploid

+ sense ssRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two components of enveloped glycoproteins?

A

Surface

Transmembrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of the surface glycoproteins?

A

Bind to the host cell receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of the transmembrane glycoproteins?

A

Mediates membrane function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three common enzymes present in retrovirals?

A

Reverse transcriptase

Integrase

Protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the steps to a retrovirus entering a host cell?

A

Attachment + Fusion

Reverse transcription of ssRNA to DNA

DNA into host cell chromosome

Viral replication + protein synthesis

Assembly of nucleocapsid + insertion of glycoprotein

Budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

FeLV: Envelope proteins

A

gp70 + p15E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

FeLV - Capsid proteins

A

p27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FeLV - Enzymes

A

RT

Ingegrase

Protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four subtypes of FeLV?

A

A

B

C

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What subtype of FeLV do cats acquire?

A

subtype A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do the other FeLV subtypes form?

A

Via mutation + recombination events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

FeLV Subtype A Characteristics -

A

Contagious

Mildly pathogenic

Immune suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

FeLV Subtype B Characteristivs -

A

Neoplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

FeLV subtype C characteristics -

A

Erythroid hypoplasia + Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FeLV subtype T characteristics -

A

Infect/destroy T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Who is most susceptible to a FeLV infection?

A

Kittens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission for FeLV?

A

Saliva

via grooming + feeding + biting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the pathogenesis of FeLV?

A

Virus replicates in the local lymphoid tissue

Spreads via the lymphatics

Goes to bone marrow + epithelial lining in the GI tract

Amplification of the virus occurs

Integration of provirus in RBC’s

Spreads to epithelial + glandular tissue

Shedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Once again, basic stages of the FeLV virus?

A

Oral cavity

Lymphatics

Bone marrow/Intestinal lining

Blood

Multi-systemic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the FeLV virus infect in bone marrow?

A

Perioperal blood leukocytes

Platlets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the two ways that FeLV can lead to tumor development?

A

Random incorporation of provirus DNA into host genome

– or –

Mutations in virus leading to FeSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What cancer is most commonly seen when the virus becomes a part of the host genome?

A

Thymic lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does FeSV cause cancer to occur?

A

Genetic exchange between FeLV and FeSV results in recombinant FeSV becoming ocogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the four stages of FeLV infections?
Abortive Regressive Progressive Focal
26
What occurs in the abortive stage of an FeLV infection?
Effective immune response Local replication then does not progress No viral antigen or DNA detected NO VIREMIA
27
What happens in the regressive stage of an FeLV infection?
Effective immune response Systemic spread then virus becomes contained Generally aviremic (no shedding, no disease) Remains latent - reactivate with decline in immune system Carriers
28
What happens in the progressive stage of a FeLV infection?
Ineffective immune response Persistant viremia Clinical disease Fatal
29
What occurs in the focal stage of a FeLV infection?
Atypical local viral replication
30
What are the symptoms of FeLV?
Fever + diarrhea + wt loss Enlarged LN Myleosuppression Recurrent secondary infections Neurological disorders Cancer
31
How is FeLV diagnosed?
Symptoms - though not enough on own CBC with diff ELISA
32
What is the ELISA testing for with FeLV?
p27 antigen
33
What do you see in a CBC diff in a cat with FeLV?
Anemia Leukopenia +/- thrombocytopenia
34
What are the treatment options for FeLV?
Supportive care Antibiotics for secondary infections Antiviral agents Lymphocyte T-cell immunomodulator
35
What are the two antivirals used to treat FeLV?
Interferon AZT
36
What is LTCI?
Purified thymic epithelial protein Promotes T cell production + activation
37
FIV - Envelope proteins
gp95 + 36
38
FIV - Capsid proteins
p24
39
What are the enzymes present in FIV?
RT Protease
40
Who has an increased risk of FIV infection?
Older cats
41
What is the most common mode of transmission when it comes to FIV?
Saliva Bite wounds
42
What happens with FIV + FeLV infections?
Abortion
43
What is the target cell in FIV infections?
CD4+ T Lymphocytes
44
What does FIV bind to on lymphocytes?
CD134 + CXCR4
45
What is important about macrophage infection of FIV?
Important viral reservior
46
What are the three stages of an FIV infection?
Acute Asymptomatic Terminal
47
What symptoms are seen in the acute phase of the FIV infection?
Flu-like symptoms Fever Malaise Lymphadenopathy GI disorders Stomatitis
48
What symptoms are seen in the asymptomatic phase of an FIV infection?
Carrier status Recurrent infections Neoplasms
49
What occurs in the terminal phase of a FIV infection?
Generalized immunosuppression Leading to many clinical symptoms
50
What are FIV symtpoms associated with?
Decrease immune status of the cat
51
What does progonosis depend on in a cat with an FIV infection?
Clinical symptoms Stage of disease
52
What is used to diagnose FIV?
Symptoms CBC with Diff ELISA + IFA
53
What is seen on a CBC diff in a cat with a FIV infection?
Lymphopenia in ill cats Anemia in about 1/3 of cats infected
54
What is the target of a FIV ELISA test?
p24 antigen antibodies
55
What cell types are targeted by EIAV?
Monocytes Macrophages
56
EIAV - Glycoproteins
gp90 gp45
57
EIAV - Capsid
p26
58
What enzymes are present in the EIAV?
RT Inegrase Protease
59
How does EIAV target monocytes and macrophages?
ELR1 receptor | (TNF-family receptor)
60
What does EIAV cause? (disease names)
Swamp fever Horse malaria Equine infectious anemia
61
How is EIAV spread?
Blood-feeding insects Horsefly Deer Fly Stable Fly
62
What is clinical disease corrleated to in EIAV?
Viral load
63
When are viral loads highest in EIAV infections?
Febrile episodes
64
What is the cause of the clincal symptoms seen? (what is happening at the cellular levels)
Monocytes + macrophages attacked result in pro-inflammatory cytokines
65
What three things happen at the cellular level with an EIAV infection?
Inflammation + suppression of platelet production = thrombocytopenia Ab's bind to platelets leading to destrcution = splenomegaly and hepatomegaly EIAV absorb onto RBC leading to phagocytosis = type II reaction
66
What is the incubation period of EIAV?
2 to 4 weeks
67
What is clinical disease associated with in EIAV?
Active viral replication
68
How long does it take a horse to die from EIAV with acute symptoms?
3 to 14 days
69
What is seen in EIAV chronic disease?
Surive inital effects and then can develop recurring clinical disease with the same symptoms Highly vairable
70
What are the characteristics of EIAV inapparent carriers?
No overt clinical disease Reserviors for virus Can show symptoms with severe stress
71
How is EIAV diagnosed?
COggins test with is an AGID
72
What does the Coggins test look for?
Antibodies to p26 antigens
73
How should all animals infected with EIAV be handled?
Isolated

Fungal/Virology (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions