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Lec 32 Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s the main function of male & female reproductive system?

A

Produce gametes

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2
Q

What’s the union of sperm & egg to form zygote

A

Fertilisation

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3
Q

The first cell of new individual

A

Zygote

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4
Q

During the act of sexual intercourse , the male ejaculates ——— sperms into the vagina

A

300 million

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5
Q

Only ——sperms survive to enter fallopian tube

A

100-200

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6
Q

If intercourse takes place within 3-5 days prior ovulation ——— occur

A

fertilisation

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7
Q

The ovulated oocyte in the fallopian tube lasts —— following ovulation

A

12-24 hrs

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8
Q

during acrosomal reaction several sperms penetrate ————
Then sperms bind to ——— , which is a ——— surrounding——
And —— bursts , releasing ———- ,
when they reach oocyte , the sperm ——— fuse with ——— membrane
And the sperm —— enter cytoplasm

A

corona radiata
zona pellucida , glycoprotein layer , oocyte
acrosome
digestive enzymes
plasma membrane , oocyte
nucleus

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9
Q

when sperm nucleus enter oocyte ——— fuse with cell membrane & release their content
And ———— is formed , which ———other sperms from entering oocyte / polyspermy
★ zona pellucida is now called ————
And ——— is complete

A

Cortical granules
fertilisation envelope
prevent
fertilisation envelope
meiosis II

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10
Q

What happens during the process of development?

A

1- cleavage
2- growth
3- morphogenesis
4- differentiation

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11
Q

After my topic division of zygote a —— occurs

A

Cleavage

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12
Q

What increases the size of the divided cells?

A

Growth

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13
Q

During which process of development does shaping of the embryo through the cell migration occur?

A

Morphogenesis

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14
Q

During which process of development does cells take specific structure and function?

A

Differentiation

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15
Q

The period of system formation ( organogenesis ) is ?

A

Emberyonic period

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16
Q

The period of growth and development is ?

A

Fetal period

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17
Q

It occurs as the zygote goes down the fallopian tube giving a morula ?

A

Cleavage

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18
Q

The first cleavage division is completed —— hours after fertilisation

A

30

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19
Q

The side divides by —— to double the number of cells

A

Mitosis

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20
Q

The zygote reaches morula stage after—— days ( enters uterus )

A

3-4

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21
Q

What’s the early embryonic structure

22
Q

What does the blastocyte consist of?

Study These Flashcards
A

1- Inner cell mass —> develops into fetus & extraemberyonic membrane { amnion that secretes amniotic fluid }
2- chorion ( trophoblast cells ) —> becomes part of placenta

23
Q

During which pre-embryonic development stages do trophoblast cells of blastocyte attach to uterine wall 5 to 6 days?

24
Q

Blastocyte implantation in the endometrium starts on — th day and completes by — th day

25
The blastocyte secretes —— that invade the uterine endometrium and the endometrial grows around the blastocyte until it is completely engulfed
enzymes
26
The hCG hormone ( human chronic gonadotrophin ) is secreted from —— of ——
Trophoblast cells implanted blastocyte
27
The HCG hormone becomes detectable in the mothers ——— between 6 and 14 days after fertilisation
blood and urine
28
A woman can take a pregnancy test when she is ———
3 to 4 weeks of gestational age
29
The —— & —— are important to support the endometrium and inhibit the contraction of uterine muscle
Estrogen Progesterone
30
What does Luteal placental shift cause?
corpus luteum viability and hormonal secretion until placenta takes over 3 - 4 months of gestation
31
The female reproductive system gonads —— residues — the abdominal cavity release of gamete — occurs — per month gametic reserve is — in number estrogen exerts ——— feedback on LH and FSH activity of female tract is —— monthly or on the length of pregnancy female tract serves —— transport , store , maturation , fertilisation , placentation , gestation and delivery
Ovaries in Egg once limited both negative and positive Rhythmic sperm and egg
32
In the male reproductive system gonads —— residues —— of the abdominal cavity release of gametes —— is —— gametic reserve is —— throughout life. Testosterone exhibits —— feedback on LH and FSH activity of male tract —— show rhythm male tract serves — sperm transport , store and maturation.
Testes outside Sperm continuous replenished negative does not only
33
For male contraception, there are three methods : (in sequence of less to more effective )
1- coitus interruptus { withdrawal of penis before ejaculation } 2- barrier method { condom } 3- vasectomy { surgical procedure where vas deferens are tied / disconnected }
34
For female contraception there are 6 methods : (in sequence of more effective to least )
1- Contraceptive pill 2- Sterilisation/tubal ligation 3- Intrauterine device ( IUD ) 4- Temperature method ( better for fertilisation ) 5- Female diaphragm 6- Rhythm method
35
A combination of synthetic estrogen and progestins causes negative feedback on GnRH therefore ovulation doesn’t occur false luteal phase
Contraceptive pill
36
Similar to male condom { barrier method } for female
Female diaphragm
37
Known as loop
Intrauterine device ( IUD )
38
A female contraception method which focuses on Temperature on day of ovulation increases by 0.5 Celsius due to progesterone secretion
Temperature method
39
Avoid intercourse near the time of ovulation menstrual cycle must be regular for this method
Rhythm method
40
A method in which fallopian tubes are ligated
Sterilisation/ tubal ligation
41
What is infertility?
Failure of couples to achieve pregnancy after couple of years
42
What is the estimated prevalence of couples infertile?
15%
43
What are the main causes of infertility?
1- for males -> low sperm count / large proportion of abnormal sperm causes by environmental influence 2- for females -> overweight
44
What are treatment methods for infertility?
1- underlying cause 2- female fertility drug ( stimulate ovulation ) 3- assisted reproductive technologies
45
What are assisted reproductive technologies?
1- artificial insemination by donor 2- in vitro fertilisation 3- gamete intafallopian transfer
46
What happens during artificial insemination by donor?
1- sperm is placed in vagina by physician
47
Artificial insemination by donor is good if ?
The partner has low sperm count because the sperm can be collected overtime and concentrated so that sperm count is sufficient for fertilisation
48
How is in vitro fertilisation conducted?
1- administration of fertility drug to immature egg in the lab 2- concentrated sperm is incubated with egg in lab 3- embryos are transferred to uterus
49
How is gamete intrafallopian transfer ( GIFT ) conducted?
eggs removed & reintroduced at fallopian tube along with sperm
50
Gamete intafallopian transfer is only preformed if
Fallopian tubes are intact and sperms are normal

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