Lec: Oral Flashcards
Sans Ingredients (112 cards)
1
Q
T/F: There is an Upturn in demand for oral care due to closure of dental
clinics
A
True
2
Q
Unit prices of power toothbrushes dropped due to
_____________ strategies
A
discounting
3
Q
___________ strengthened leadership with 48%
value share
A
Colgate-Palmolive
4
Q
Most complex and most accessible microbial ecosystem of the
human body
A
HUMAN ORAL CAVITY
5
Q
is the visible part that extends above the gum (gingiva)
A
Crown:
6
Q
sits in the upper or lower jawbone, remains invisible until
recession of the gum exposes some root surfaces
A
Root:
7
Q
is the boundary between root and crown
A
Neck:
8
Q
is the mucosa that covers the upper and lower jaws, and
surrounds the neck of the teeth
A
Gingiva:
9
Q
is a **soft connective tissue **containing
nerves and blood vessels from the root canal.
A
Dental cavity (pulp cavity):
10
Q
PARTS OF THE TOOTH
A
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
11
Q
Hardest substance in the human body
A
ENAMEL
12
Q
Prevents the tooth from wearing away under pressure of chewing
A
ENAMEL
13
Q
Contains calcium hydroxyapatite which starts to dissolve below pH
5.5.
A
ENAMEL
14
Q
__________ and ________________ impacts enamel hardness
and strength
A
Demineralization and remineralization
15
Q
ENAMEL contains _____________ which starts to dissolve below pH 5.5
A
calcium hydroxyapatite
16
Q
Yellowish bone-like layer surrounding the dental cavity
A
DENTIN
17
Q
Forms the largest portion of the tooth
A
DENTIN
18
Q
More porous, softer, more sensitive, and more susceptible to decay
and wear if exposed
A
DENTIN
19
Q
Special connective tissue that covers the dentin at the root
A
CEMENTUM
20
Q
Binds the roots of the teeth firmly to the gums and jawbone, and
anchored in the jaw by the periodontal ligament
A
CEMENTUM
21
Q
Sticky, colorless film of bacteria and sugars that form on
the teeth
A
PLAQUE:
22
Q
Disease resulting in the breakdown and
destruction of the enamel due to demineralization
A
DENTAL CARIES:
23
Q
Hardened plaque that causes yellowish-
brown discoloration to the teeth
A
DENTAL CALCULUS:
24
Q
Infection of the gums
that can progress to affect bone that surround and support the teeth
A
GUM DISEASE (PERIODONTAL DISEASE)-
25
Brief episodes of sharp well-localized pain
when subjected to various stimuli
TOOTH SENSITIVITY-
26
Spots or small areas
on the teeth contrasting with the rest of teeth color
DENTAL STAINS (TEETH DISCOLORATION)-
27
Oral malodor due to foods,
alcohol, tobacco, or disease
BAD BREATH (HALITOSIS)-
28
Paste or gel designed to help remove plaque and stains from the
teeth, and keep breath fresh
TOOTHPASTE (Oral Dentifrice)
29
Improves mechanical brushing and cleaning power of a toothbrush
TOOTHPASTE (Oral Dentifrice)
30
Liquid designed to refresh the breath and enhance oral hygiene
MOUTHWASH (Oral or Mouth Rinse)
31
Use after brushing for more effective cleaning effect
MOUTHWASH (Oral or Mouth Rinse)
31
Make teeth brighter in dental office settings or salons
TOOTH WHITENING PRODUCTS (Bleaching Products)
32
Contains ingredients that remove teeth discoloration
TOOTH WHITENING PRODUCTS (Bleaching Products)
33
Mild abrasive powder used with a toothbrush
TOOTH POWDER
34
Thin filament used to remove debris and bacterial film caught
between the
DENTAL FLOSS
35
Change in the appearance of the enamel which may vary from
barely noticeable white spots to staining and pitting
DENTAL FLUOROSIS
36
May be caused by too much fluoride consumption in children
DENTAL FLUOROSIS
37
Spots and stains left on the teeth are permanent and may darken
over time
DENTAL FLUOROSIS
38
T/F: DENTAL FLUOROSIS has pleasant taste and smell
True
39
T/F: DENTAL FLUOROSIS do not
foam well
false. foams well
40
T/F:DENTAL FLUOROSIS is non sticky and has good texture
True
41
T/F: DENTAL FLUOROSIS should be bubble free
True
42
Mild cosmetic detergent for cleaning the teeth
TOOTHPASTE
43
Intended to freshen the breath and remove deposits from the teeth
TOOTHPASTE
44
Protection of teeth from cavities, calculus formation, and gum
diseases
TOOTHPASTE
45
TOOTHPASTE FORMULATION contains
Abrasives
Surfactants
Thickeners
pH Regulators
Water
Preservative
Sweetening Agents
Coloring Agents
Flavoring Agents
Natural Ingredients
Anticaries compoonents
Antiplaque and Antigingivitis components
Anithypersenstitivity Agents
Anticalculus/tartar control ingredients
Whitening Ingredients
Antimalodor Ingredients
46
Insoluble inorganic ingredients that clean and polish teeth to
remove debris and residual surface stains
ABRASIVES
47
Consider hardness, toughness, chemical inertness, and particle
size and shape
ABRASIVES
48
“___________-based abrasives should be avoided in toothpastes
containing sodium fluoride since formation of an insoluble calcium
salt ____________ (increase/decrease) active fluoride concentration”
Calcium; decrease
49
Aid in cleaning and foaming
SURFACTANTS
50
Type of surfactant used in toothpaste formulation
Anionic
51
Hydrophilic colloids that disperse and swell in the water phase of
the toothpaste
THICKENERS (Binders)
52
Used to maintain the integral stability of the paste, prevent
sedimentation of abrasives, and provide toothpaste formulations
with specific rheological property
THICKENERS (Binders)
53
Used to neutralize thickeners
pH REGULATORS
54
Prevent paste from drying out, locking of the cap to the nozzle, and
hardening to an unacceptable level
HUMECTANTS
55
Provide shine and some plasticity to the paste
HUMECTANTS
56
Vehicle for all toothpaste formulations
WATER
57
Used to disperse thickeners, dissolve components, mix liquids, and
act as carrier for other ingredients
WATER
58
Prevent microbiological growth in water-based formulations
PRESERVATIVES
59
Important for product acceptability
SWEETENING AGENTS
60
T/F: “Although sweetness may be hundreds to thousand times sweeter
than table sugar, they do not contribute to dental caries because
they are not fermented by the microflora of the dental plaque.”
True
61
One of the most expensive components and most crucial in view of
customer preferences
FLAVORING AGENTS
62
___________ flavors dominate adult toothpastes, while _________ and
___________ in children products
Mint; bubble gum; fruit aromas
63
Maybe added to the paste as a whole or to only a small part to
make colored striped products
COLORING AGENTS
64
Added for antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory effects,
cleansing, whitening, and masking of bad breath
NATURAL INGREDIENTS
65
To prevent cavities, strengthen the tooth enamel and remineralize
tooth decay
ANTICARIES COMPONENTS
66
____________ initiates and speeds up remineralization and slows down
demineralization
Fluoride
67
Allowable total fluoride ____________ ppm for 2 yrs. and above _________
ppm for 6 yrs. and above
850-1150; 1500
68
Antiseptics or antimicrobials that kill or inhibit bacteria causing
plaque and gingivitis
ANTIPLAQUE AND ANTIGINGIVITIS COMPONENTS
69
___________ acts by antibacterial effect and inhibitory effect
on bacterial enzymes
Stannous fluoride
70
an antibacterial agent widely used in toothpastes,
deodorants, and soaps
Triclosan
71
Used to protect exposed tooth surfaces and the gingival margin
ANTIHYPERSENSITIVITY AGENTS
72
desensitize the tooth nerve endings
Potassium components
73
reduce the **permeability of dentin** and
prevent the nerve endings from being stimulated
Strontium chloride, stannous fluoride (at 0.454%), and calcium
sodium phosphosilicate,
74
Also known as crystal growth inhibitors
ANTICALCULUS / TARTAR CONTROL INGREDIENTS
75
Prevent calculus formation on the surface of the teeth through
controlling mineralization
ANTICALCULUS / TARTAR CONTROL INGREDIENTS
76
______________ whitening products contain agents that work by
physical or chemical action to help remove surface stains only.
Non-bleaching
77
change the natural tooth color.
Bleaching agents
78
Flavors freshen breath by masking the bad odor.
ANTIMALODOR INGREDIENTS
79
Action of antimalodor is _________ (temporary/permanent)
Temporary because saliva can quickly wash away flaboring ingredients
80
RHEOLOGY OF TOOTHPASTES
BINGHAM PLASTIC
PSEUDOPLASTIC ( Shear Thinning)
81
Behave as solid at rest, and start to move as viscous fluid when a
minimum force (yield stress) is applied on them
BINGHAM PLASTIC
82
Does not flow out of an open container if no pressure is used and
can “stand up” on the brush without running into bristles of the brush
or rolling off the sides
BINGHAM PLASTIC
83
Stays viscous until force is applied; viscosity reverts to original high
value when shear force is removed
PSEUDOPLASTIC ( Shear Thinning)
84
Clear, colored solution used to refresh the breath by swishing the
product around the mouth, followed by spitting it out
MOUTHWASH
85
May help prevent tooth decay, gingivitis, plaque formation, or tartar
formation
MOUTHWASH
86
MOUTHWASH Formulation
Solvents
Humectants
Surfactants
Astringents
Preservatives
Flavoring Agents
Sweeteners, colorants, natural ingredients
Anticaries Agents
Antihypersensitivity Agents
Antitartar agents
Antiplaque/ Antigingivitis Agents
Whitening Agents
87
Solvent used for Mouthwash
Alcohol
88
Increases product viscosity and produces good mouthfeel
HUMECTANTS
89
Used to solubilize flavoring oils and stabilize the product
SURFACTANTS
90
Can provide foaming action on use, and contribute to cleansing
effect
SURFACTANTS
91
Serve as temporary deodorizers that mask bad breath
ASTRINGENTS
92
effectively reduces plaque formation and gingivitis.
Chlorhexidine
93
May stain the teeth, modify taste, and increase calculus formation
Chlorhexidine
94
Cetylpyridinium chloride may be inactivated by _________________, and is not recommended after brushing
anionic
surfactants
95
- Involves an **oxidative** process that alters the light absorbing or light
reflecting nature of the tooth structure, thereby increasing perception
of whiteness
TOOTH WHITENING AIDS
96
97
TOOTH WHITENING AIDS Contain
hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide
97
Difficult to apply to the brush, does not provide pleasant brushing
experience, and foaming activity
TOOTH POWDERS
97
Physical mix of dental abrasive, flavor, and foaming aid, which is
used with a toothbrush
TOOTH POWDERS
98
Thin filament used to clean areas in the oral cavity, which are more
difficult to reach with a toothbrush
TOOTH POWDERS
99
Dentists recommend ___________ prior to brushing to allow the fluoride
to reach between the teeth
flossing
100
Made from waxed/non-waxed nylon, Teflon filaments, or plastic
monofilaments
TOOTH POWDERS
101
Strip of waxed/non-waxed nylon or polyethylene fiber
DENTAL TAPE
102
Has a very thin, almost rectangular cross section that helps clean
wider spaces between the teeth compared to the floss
DENTAL TAPE
103
Performance paramter for antibacterial activity:
In vitro test is performed using oral pathogens like _______, __________, __________, _________, ____________ using the agar
well diffiusion method.
Streptococcus
mutans, Peptostreptococcus micros, Lactobacillus casei,
Streptococcus salivarius, and Streptococcus oralis
104
Performance paramter for antibacterial activity:
In vivo test involves ___________ who use toothpaste or
mouthwash formulations for a predetermined period of time.
human volunteers
105
Performance parameter for antibacterial activity:
Saliva
samples ________, __________, and ________ the study are inoculated on plates,
aerobically or anaerobically, and microbial colonies are counted and
compared.
before, during, and after
106
Performance parameter for WHITENING ACTIVITY:
In vitro test is performed on teeth removed from ____________. Sample
teeth may be stained and treated with whitening product. Color is
evaluated using a ____________, colorimeter, or by ________
animals, spectrophotometer, image analysis
107
T/F: Performance parameter for WHITENING ACTIVITY may also be done onhuman volunteers
T
108
Product evaluation is conducted by dental professionals in a
clinical study that would determine the efficacy of a desensitizing
product compared to placebo, negative, or positive control.
HYPERSENSITIVITY REDUCTION
109
