Skin

Question 1

Rising price sensitivity resulted to prioritization of ___________ and overall declines except for ________ and __________

Answer 1

expenditures; acne treatments; hand care treatments

Question 2

is the largest sensory and contact organ in the human body

Answer 2

Skin

Question 3

Skin surface area

Answer 3

1.5-2m^2

Question 4

skin is mainly composed of the _______ and the _______.

Answer 4

epidermis; dermis

Question 5

layer that is right under the dermis

Answer 5

Hypodermis

Question 6

Hypodermis is composed mainly of _______ cells

Answer 6

fatty

Question 7

Layers of epidermis:

Answer 7

-Stratum Corneum
-stratum lucidum
-Stratum granulosum
-Stratum spinosum
-Stratum basale

Question 8

Also called as the Horny layer

Answer 8

Startum corneum

Question 9

outer part. It comes
into contact with the external environment and is the target of a lot of cosmetic products.

Answer 9

Stratum corneum

Question 10

It consists of dead keratinocytes and is around 15 to 20 layers of dead cells.

Answer 10

Startum corneum

Question 11

also consists of dead cells but this particular layer is thinner and is translucent/clear.

Answer 11

Stratum lucidum

Question 12

the flattened keratinocytes are beginning to die in this layer.

Answer 12

Stratum granulosum (Granular layer)

Question 13

cells here have a different appearance. They are not as flattened yet and they have a spiny appearance.

Answer 13

Startum spinosum

Question 14

Also called as Pricklecell layer

Answer 14

Startum spinosum

Question 15

This is where lipid and protein synthesis ocurs

Answer 15

Startus spinosum

Question 16

this is where active cell division occurs, and from which we generate new keratinocytes

Answer 16

Stratum basale (Stratum germinativum/Basal cell layer)

Question 17

The cells that we see in the different layers of the epidermis start developing from the ________________

Answer 17

stratum basale/stratum germinativum

Question 18

the nutrients and oxygen supply of the epidermis come from the dermis, the cells begin to die when they reach the third layer called ______________

Answer 18

stratum granulosum

Question 19

Cells eventually flatten up to the part where they reach the ____________and this is where eventually the dead cells are sloughed off.

Answer 19

stratum corneum

Question 20

immune cells that are present in the
skin

Answer 20

Langerhans cell

Question 21

cells that are responsible to the
production of melanin which is primarily responsible for
the skin color

Answer 21

Melanocytes

Question 22

responsible for tactile or touch reception

Answer 22

Merkel cell

Question 23

One of the main functions of the __________ is to provide a protective barrier from excessive water loss and entry of potentially harmful substances.

Answer 23

epidermis

Question 24

The protective function of epidermis is due to the

Answer 24

brick and mortar” structure of the stratum corneum

Question 25

what the brick refers to. These are dead keratinocytes that are surrounded by cornifide envelopes.

Answer 25

Corneocytes

Question 26

It consists of lipidic material and further adds to the water resistant character of the epidermis

Answer 26

Desmosome

Question 27

Desmosome is placed between

Answer 27

corneocytes

Question 28

the matrix upon which we find our cells

Answer 28

Mortar

Question 29

It is the intercellular lipid layer consisting of ceramides, cholesterol, and fatty acids.

Answer 29

Mortar

Question 30

provides the waterproof function of the epidermis.

Answer 30

The brick and mortar structure

Question 31

Within the ____________, we find the natural moisturizing factors which are ___________ that help maintain the hydration of the stratum corneum

Answer 31

corneocytes; hygroscopic compounds

Question 32

lactic acid, urea and PCA (Pyrrolidone Carboxylic Acid).

Answer 32

natural humectants

Question 33

Refers to the epidermal renewal process and typically takes 28 days in young skin

Answer 33

Desquamation Process (Keratinization)

Question 34

Desquamation process starts from

Answer 34

stratum basale

Question 35

Every _________ days, the cells should be renewed

Answer 35

28

Question 36

T/F: Unlike the epidermis, dermis is not largely made up of cells only

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Provides elasticity

Answer 37

Elastin

Question 38

Responsible for strength of the skin

Answer 38

Collagen

Question 39

Moisturizing agent

Answer 39

Hyaluronic acid

Question 40

Responsible for producing intercellular substances including collagen

Answer 40

Fibrolast

Question 41

Composed mostly of fatty cells and known as a subcutaneous layer.

Answer 41

Hypodermis

Question 42

It provides a cushioning layer to protect vital organs from impact and also acts as an insulator from cold

Answer 42

Hypodermis

Question 43

refers to the diffusion of water through the skin (g of water/meter square per hour) (passive diffusion process)

Answer 43

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL)

Question 44

consists of fixed types of microorganisms that protects from pathogenic bacteria (naturally present in the skin and help protect from pathogenic bacteria)

Answer 44

Residen flora

Question 45

T/F: Resident flora is easily removed

Answer 45

False

Question 46

Common fized types of microorganisms

Answer 46

Staph, strep, acinetobacter, malassezia

Question 47

consists of non pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microorganisms (usually a product from our exposure to the environment)

Answer 47

Transient flora

Question 48

T/F: Transient flora can easily be removed by handwashing with appropriate soap product

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Skin pH

Answer 49

4.5-5.5 (Acidic)

Question 50

T/F: Use of alkaline products is beneficial to the skin

Answer 50

False

Question 51

T/F: Acidic mantel or acid ph is essential to the maintenance of the resident flora

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Skin has a ________ charge at physiological pH

Answer 52

negative

Question 53

Skin Type: Always freckles, always burns/peels, never tans

Answer 53

I (Ivory)

Question 54

skin type: Usually freckles, often burns/peels, rarely tans

Answer 54

Type II (Fair to pale)

Question 55

Skin Type: Might freckle, burns on occasion, sometimes tans

Answer 55

Type III : Fair to beige, with golden undertones

Question 56

Doesn't really reckle, burns rarely, often tans

Answer 56

Type IV (Olive or light brown)

Question 57

Rarely freckles, almost never burns, always tans

Answer 57

Type V: Dark brown

Question 58

Never freckles, never burns, always tans

Answer 58

Type VI : Deeply pigmented dark brown to darkest brown

Question 59

Skin type used to test efficacy of skin whitening products

Answer 59

skin type 4-5

Question 60

Skin type used to test effectiveness for sunblock

Answer 60

Skin type 2-3

Question 61

Dry/Oily : Red patches

Answer 61

Dry

Question 62

Dry/Oily: Almost invisible pores

Answer 62

Dry

Question 63

Dry/Oily: enlarged pores

Answer 63

Oily

Question 64

Dry/Oily: blackheads, pimples, or other blemishes

Answer 64

Oily

Question 65

Who has thicker skin? Men or Women?

Answer 65

Men

Question 66

Men has thicker skin due to _______

Answer 66

testosterone

Question 67

has larger pores, is oilier, sweats more, and is more prone to impurities and acne

Answer 67

Men skin

Question 68

T/F: Men skin are more sensitiveto uv rays high case of skin cancer

Answer 68

True

Question 69

T/F: Signs of aging may appear later in men but wrinkles appear fully grooved

Answer 69

True