Lecture 1 Flashcards
What are the motions of the hip
Medial and lateral rotation turn the foot in and out respectively, abduction/adduction move the leg from and to the midline, respectively, and flexion/extension moves the leg anteriorly and posteriorly, respectively
What are the Latin names for the hip bone?
Os coxae and innominate bone
What are the parts of the coxal bone
ilium, ischium, and pubis
What is the acetabulum?
literally ‘vinegar cup’ it is the where the ilium. ischium, and pubis fuse
What is the obturator foramen
Hole formed by the fusion of the ischium and pubis bone
What is the pelvis
The pelvis is the bony ring made up of 2 os coxae and the sacrum
What are the articulations in the pelvis
2 sacroiliac joints and the pubic symphysis
What forms the sacroiliac joint
auricular surfaces of the ilium and sacrum for the synovial part of the joint, and the ventral and dorsal sacroiliac ligaments form the syndesmosis part
What is a common pathology of the sacroiliac joint
It is not uncommon for the SI joint to undergo stenosis with age. There is back pain for 3 years, and then the body adjusts and it goes away
What are the ventral and dorsal sacroiliac ligaments
Thickened regions of the SI joint capsule
Where is the iliolumbar ligaments and what is its role
Spans from iliac crest to TVP of L5. It limits rotation and anterior gliding of L5 relative to the sacrum and limits side-bending of L5 in relation to the pelvis
Where is the interosseus sacroiliac ligament
between the iliac tuberosity and sacrum (forms a syndesmosis)
Where is the sacrospinous ligament
From the sacrum to the ischial spine to form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina
What gives the sacrum stability
The downward compression of the sacrum from the weight of the upper body causes the interosseus ligaments to pull the ilium bones together thus tightening the iliosacral joint
What limits anterior sacral rotation
Sacrotuberous, sacrospinal, and interosseus sacroiliac ligaments
What is nutation of the sacroiliac joint
Rotation or tilting of the sacrum around a horizontal axis through the interosseus ligaments
What is anterior nutation
When the promontory moves anterior and inferior and the coccyx moves superior and posterior
What is counter nutation
The opposite of anterior nutation. The promontory moves superior and posterior, and the coccyx moves anterior and inferior
What roll does nutation play in birthing
Nutation brings the iliac crests closer together and the ischial tuberosities further apart, increasing the size of the pelvic outlet, making a bigger birth canal
What is a common fracture site on the femur
The neck
What is the hip joint
The hip joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the coxal bone
What ligaments form the hip joint
Transverse acetabular, acetabular ligament, ligamentum teres
What are the stabilizing ligaments of the hip joint
iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral ligaments
What is the role of the iliofemoral ligament
limits hyperextension of the femur
| What is interesting about the lateral epiphyseal artery
| It is easy disrupted by fracture, dislocations, etc which can lead to necrosis
| What muscles laterally rotate the femur
| Obturators internus and externus, superior and inferior gemelli, piriformis, quadratus femoris, and gluteus maximus
| What is of interest concerning the medial circumfex artery (artery of the ligamentum teres)
| it is also called the artery of the ligamentum teres and not everyone has one.
