Lecture 1

Question 1

Which organisms go through photosynthesis

Answer 1

plants, algae, and some bacteria

Question 2

What are characteristics of living things

Answer 2

• ability to grow
• ability to reproduce
• ability to pass on their genes
• cellular organization
• respond to the environment
• evolve/adapt

Question 3

Which organisms came first on primitive earth

Answer 3

heterotrophic organisms

Question 4

What does heterotrophic mean

Answer 4

can’t make their own food

Question 5

Which organisms evolved second on primitive earth

Answer 5

autotrophic organisms

Question 6

What does autotrophic mean

Answer 6

can make their own food

Question 7

When did photosynthesis first come about

Answer 7

3.4 billion years ago

Question 8

How did autotrophic organisms change primitive earth

Answer 8

were able to split water and release oxygen into the atmosphere

Question 9

What are some consequences of oxygen in the atmosphere

Answer 9

• ozone layer
• cellular respiration
• evolution of eukaryotic cells

Question 10

What was the seashore environment like

Answer 10

• more complicated than open sea
• more nutrients than open sea
• multicellular photosynthetic organisms

Question 11

How did plants have to change to colonize land

Answer 11

They had to develop roots, stems, and leaves (epidermis, cuticle, and stomata)

Question 12

What does the epidermis allow

Answer 12

keeps moisture in

Question 13

What is the cuticle

Answer 13

waxy substance

Question 14

What is the stomata

Answer 14

opening for gas exchange

Question 15

What is the vascular system composed of

Answer 15

xylem and phloem

Question 16

How does the xylem work

Answer 16

moves water from roots to leaves

Question 17

How does the phloem work

Answer 17

moves nutrients from leaves to roots

Question 18

What is cork

Answer 18

it allows perennials to have more structure and live longer

Question 19

What is cork composed of

Answer 19

bark

Question 20

What are the two types of meristems

Answer 20

apical meristems and lateral meristems

Question 21

What is apical meristem

Answer 21

allows for primary growth, root and shoot

Question 22

What is lateral meristem

Answer 22

secondary growth, vascular and cork cambium

Question 23

What is meristem

Answer 23

embryonic tissue regions capable of adding cells indefinitely to the plant body

Question 24

What are some characteristics of plants

Answer 24

• meristem
• reproduce on land
• adapt for life on land

Question 25

How do plants reproduce on land

Answer 25

spores and seeds

Question 26

How are seeds beneficial to the plant embryo

Answer 26

they protect them from predators and are a source of food storage

Question 27

What are biomes

Answer 27

made up of naturally occurring communities of plants and animals determined by the climate

Question 28

What are ecosystems

Answer 28

include living and non-living; are stable but not static even though the organisms are constantly being born and dying.. The same kind of organisms tend to be present over time if the ecosystem is not destroyed

Question 29

What caused a huge change in the ecosystem

Answer 29

the industrial revolution

Question 30

How can plants help human's impact on the earth

Answer 30

- global warming - pollutants - genetic engineering - drugs for humans

Question 31

How can sunflowers counteract radioactivity

Answer 31

they are able to absorb radioactive cesium and strontium from nuclear disasters at a quick pace

Question 32

How do poplar and willow trees help with pollutants

Answer 32

they are able to remove contaminated fuel from fields and ground water

Question 33

How does pickleweed help with pollution

Answer 33

pickleweed removes selenium, transforms it into a non-harmful substance, and releases it into the atmosphere to be carried away by the winds