Flashcards in Lecture 1 Deck (33)
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1
Which organisms go through photosynthesis
plants, algae, and some bacteria
2
What are characteristics of living things
-ability to grow
-ability to reproduce
-ability to pass on their genes
-cellular organization
-respond to the environment
-evolve/adapt
3
Which organisms came first on primitive earth
heterotrophic organisms
4
What does heterotrophic mean
can't make their own food
5
Which organisms evolved second on primitive earth
autotrophic organisms
6
What does autotrophic mean
can make their own food
7
When did photosynthesis first come about
3.4 billion years ago
8
How did autotrophic organisms change primitive earth
were able to split water and release oxygen into the atmosphere
9
What are some consequences of oxygen in the atmosphere
-ozone layer
-cellular respiration
-evolution of eukaryotic cells
10
What was the seashore environment like
-more complicated than open sea
-more nutrients than open sea
-multicellular photosynthetic organisms
11
How did plants have to change to colonize land
They had to develop roots, stems, and leaves (epidermis, cuticle, and stomata)
12
What does the epidermis allow
keeps moisture in
13
What is the cuticle
waxy substance
14
What is the stomata
opening for gas exchange
15
What is the vascular system composed of
xylem and phloem
16
How does the xylem work
moves water from roots to leaves
17
How does the phloem work
moves nutrients from leaves to roots
18
What is cork
it allows perennials to have more structure and live longer
19
What is cork composed of
bark
20
What are the two types of meristems
apical meristems and lateral meristems
21
What is apical meristem
allows for primary growth, root and shoot
22
What is lateral meristem
secondary growth, vascular and cork cambium
23
What is meristem
embryonic tissue regions capable of adding cells indefinitely to the plant body
24
What are some characteristics of plants
-meristem
-reproduce on land
-adapt for life on land
25
How do plants reproduce on land
spores and seeds
26
How are seeds beneficial to the plant embryo
they protect them from predators and are a source of food storage
27
What are biomes
made up of naturally occurring communities of plants and animals determined by the climate
28
What are ecosystems
include living and non-living; are stable but not static even though the organisms are constantly being born and dying.. The same kind of organisms tend to be present over time if the ecosystem is not destroyed
29
What caused a huge change in the ecosystem
the industrial revolution
30
How can plants help human's impact on the earth
-global warming
-pollutants
-genetic engineering
-drugs for humans
31
How can sunflowers counteract radioactivity
they are able to absorb radioactive cesium and strontium from nuclear disasters at a quick pace
32
How do poplar and willow trees help with pollutants
they are able to remove contaminated fuel from fields and ground water
33
