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Plant Science > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum does angiosperm belong to

A

Anthophyta

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2
Q

What are flowering plants called

A

angiosperms

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3
Q

How many species belong to Anthophyta

A

300,000-450,000

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4
Q

What are the two major classes of Anthophyta

A

monocotyledons and eudicotyledons

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5
Q

How many species are in the monocotyledons

A

90,000 species

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6
Q

What are some examples of monocotyledons

A

grasses, lillies, irises, orchids, and palms

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7
Q

How many species are in the eudicotyledons

A

200,000 species

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8
Q

What are some examples of eudicotyledons

A

trees, shrubs, and some herbs

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9
Q

How many flowering parts does a monocot have and how many does a eudicot have

A

monocot: in threes
eudicot: in fours or fives

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10
Q

What type of pollen part does a monocot have and what type does a eudicot have

A

monocot: monoaperturate
eudicot: triaperturate

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11
Q

How many cotyledons does a monocot have and how many does a eudicot have

A

monocot: one
eudicot: two

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12
Q

What is the leaf venation like on a monocot and what is it like on a eudicot

A

monocot: parallel
eudicot: netlike

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13
Q

How are the primary vascular bundles in the stem arranged in a monocot and eudicot

A

monocot: complex arrangement
eudicot: in a ring

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14
Q

Is true secondary growth, with vascular cambium present in a monocot and eudicot

A

monocot: rare
eudicot: commonly present

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15
Q

What is a cotyledon

A

the first leaf to emerge

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16
Q

What are some other flowering plants aside from monocot and eudicots

A

parasitic plants and myco-heterotrophs

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17
Q

How many species of parasitic plants are there

A

3000 species

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18
Q

What is unique about myco-heterotrophs

A

they have obligate relationships with mycorrhizal fungi and lack chlorophyll

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19
Q

What are the specialized organs that parasitic plants have

A

haustoria, they penetrate tissues of their hosts

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20
Q

Which shoot has the sporophyll

A

the determinate shoot

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21
Q

what are sporophylls commonly called

A

leaves

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22
Q

How does the determinate stem differ from the other stems

A

it stops growing once it bears a flower

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23
Q

What classifies a plant as a peduncle

A

if it has one flower

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24
Q

What are the male parts on the flower

A

the stamen which includes the anther and the filament

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25
Q

What are the female parts on the flower

A

the carpel and that contains the ovary

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26
Q

What are inflorescences

A

aggregation of flowers

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27
Q

What is the peduncle

A

the main flower stalk

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28
Q

What is the pedicel

A

the stem that connects the flower and the main stem

29
Q

What are the sterile appendages on a flower

A

perianth

30
Q

What are the sepals called

A

calyx

31
Q

What are the petals called

A

corolla

32
Q

What are the fertile parts of the flower called

A

stamen and carpel

33
Q

What are microsporangia

A

pollen sacs

34
Q

Where is the microsporangia located

A

in the stamen

35
Q

What does the megasporophyll contain

A
  • ovary
  • style
  • stigma
36
Q

Where is the megasporophyll located

A

in the carpel

37
Q

What are whorls

A

the parts of the flowers

38
Q

How many whorls can a flower have

A

up to 4 whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium

39
Q

What is the other name for androecium

A

stamen

40
Q

What is the other name for gynoecium

A

carpels

41
Q

What does it mean if the flower is complete

A

it has all its whorls

42
Q

What does it mean if the flower is incomplete

A

only has some of its whorls

43
Q

What does it mean if the flower is perfect

A

contains both carpel and stamen

44
Q

What does it mean if the flower is imperfect

A

contains only one part, either carpel or stamen

45
Q

What is staminate

A

just the male parts

46
Q

What is carpellate

A

just the female parts

47
Q

What does monoecious mean

A

“one house” has both female and male flowers

48
Q

What does dioecious mean

A

“two houses” has either the female or male flowers

49
Q

What portion of the ovary does the ovules originate

A

the placenta

50
Q

How is the ovary position determined

A

by the whorls around it

51
Q

What are the three terms used to describe the ovaries position

A
  • hypogynous
  • perigynous
  • epigynous
52
Q

What does hypogynous mean

A

the ovary is superior to the other parts of the flower

53
Q

What does perigynous mean

A

all the parts are formed at the same base

54
Q

What does epigynous mean

A

the ovary is inferior to the other parts of the flower

55
Q

What does regular (actinomorphic) flower symmetry mean

A

the flower symmetry is radial

56
Q

What does irregular (zygomorphic) flower symmetry mean

A

the flower symmetry is bilateral

57
Q

What is the general life cycle of a plant

A
  • two generations (sporophyte- diploid) (gametophyte- haploid)
  • two processes (meiosis and fertilization)
58
Q

Which is the dominate generation in the plant life cycle

A

the sporophyte (the flower stage)

59
Q

What is the angiosperm life cycle

A
  • highly reduced gametophyte
  • indirect pollination (pollen never comes into contact with ovule)
  • after double fertilization (ovule develops into seed, ovary develops into fruit)
60
Q

How many cells mature in a microgametophyte

A

3

61
Q

How many cells mature in a megagametophyte

A

7

62
Q

Indirect pollination is unique to what life cycle

A

angiosperm life cycle

63
Q

What is microsporogenesis and where does it occur

A

it is the formation of microspores and it occurs in the pollen sacs

64
Q

What is microgametogenesis

A
  • development of microgametophyte within the pollen grain
  • mircospore produces large tube cell and a small generative cell
  • generative nucleus produces two sperm
  • 3 cell stage
65
Q

What two processes form the microgametophyte

A
  • microsporogenesis

- microgametogenesis

66
Q

What two processes form the megagametophyte

A
  • megasporogenesis

- megagametogenesis

67
Q

What is megasporogenesis and where is it located

A
  • megaspore formed in nucellus from megasporocyte

- inside ovule

68
Q

What is megagametogenesis

A
  • megaspore develops into 7 celled megagametophyte
  • 3 mitotic divisions (8 nuclei) (two polar nuclei in central cell, egg apparatus, three antipodals)
  • other patterns in some plants

Plant Science (20 decks)

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