Flashcards in Lecture 4 Deck (32)
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1
What is the first step of seed development after seed maturation
embryogenesis
2
What are the two different patterns of embryogenesis
apical-basal and radial
3
What are the three types of tissues in a plant
epidermis, vascular, and ground tissue
4
What are the three primary meristems
protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem
5
What is protoderm
future epidermis, formed by divisions parallel to the surface in outermost cells of embryo
6
What is procambium
future vascular tissue
7
What is ground meristem
future ground tissue
8
How is embryogenesis the same in all angiosperms
polarity established, embryo proper and suspensor
9
Which end will form the large basil cell during the first stage of division
micropylar end
10
Where does the suspensor develop during the first stage of division
micropylar end
11
Before there is an actual embryo, what are the cells called
proembryo
12
What does the suspensor do
supports the development of the embryo through providing it nutrients and growth hormones then undergoes apoptosis
13
What limits the suspensor from going into another embryo
the embryo proper
14
Where does the developing embryo get its nutrients during embryogenesis
from the parent plant
15
What three things happen during seed maturation
Funiculus seperates and the seed desiccates, Metabolism slows down, and seed coat hardens
16
How do monocots and eudicts differ with food storage during development
monocots store food as endosperm, eudicots have cotyledons that absorb all the endosperm and store it in their leaves
17
What is the epicotyl
short stem above the hypocotyl that has 1-2 foliage leaves and then a shoot apical meristem
18
What is the plumule
embyronic shoot that is covered by the protective coleoptile
19
What is the coleorhiza
a protective sheath that covers the radicle
20
What is the pericarp
the mature ovary wall
21
What is germination
Resumption of growth of the embryo, Cell enlargement and cell division
22
What four external factors do seeds need to grow
water, oxygen, temperature, and light
23
What is dormancy
Fail to germinate even in favorable conditions
24
What are some causes of dormancy
Physiological immaturity, and impermeable seed coat
25
What are some examples to break dormancy
Pass through digestive tract, Rainfall, Mechanical cracking, Heat of fire, Light from canopy opening
26
What is the first structure to emerge from a growing seed
taproot (primary root)
27
What are characteristics of taproot
first structure to emerge, produces lateral roots, and short lived in monocots
28
What is the definition of epigeous
the type of seed germination in which the cotyledons are carried above ground level
29
Explain the process of epigeous
when the hook reaches the soil surface, it straightens out and pulls the cotyledons and plumule up into the air
30
What is the definition of hypogeous
the type of seed germination in which the cotyledons stay underground
31
Explain the process of hypogeous
the epicotyl is the structure that elongates and forms the hook, this protects the young leaves and shoot tip, as the epicotyl straightens out the plumule is raised above the soil surface, since elongation occurs above the cotyledons, they remain in the ground where they eventually decompose
32
