Lecture 4

Question 1

What is the first step of seed development after seed maturation

Answer 1

embryogenesis

Question 2

What are the two different patterns of embryogenesis

Answer 2

apical-basal and radial

Question 3

What are the three types of tissues in a plant

Answer 3

epidermis, vascular, and ground tissue

Question 4

What are the three primary meristems

Answer 4

protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem

Question 5

What is protoderm

Answer 5

future epidermis, formed by divisions parallel to the surface in outermost cells of embryo

Question 6

What is procambium

Answer 6

future vascular tissue

Question 7

What is ground meristem

Answer 7

future ground tissue

Question 8

How is embryogenesis the same in all angiosperms

Answer 8

polarity established, embryo proper and suspensor

Question 9

Which end will form the large basil cell during the first stage of division

Answer 9

micropylar end

Question 10

Where does the suspensor develop during the first stage of division

Answer 10

micropylar end

Question 11

Before there is an actual embryo, what are the cells called

Answer 11

proembryo

Question 12

What does the suspensor do

Answer 12

supports the development of the embryo through providing it nutrients and growth hormones then undergoes apoptosis

Question 13

What limits the suspensor from going into another embryo

Answer 13

the embryo proper

Question 14

Where does the developing embryo get its nutrients during embryogenesis

Answer 14

from the parent plant

Question 15

What three things happen during seed maturation

Answer 15

Funiculus seperates and the seed desiccates, Metabolism slows down, and seed coat hardens

Question 16

How do monocots and eudicts differ with food storage during development

Answer 16

monocots store food as endosperm, eudicots have cotyledons that absorb all the endosperm and store it in their leaves

Question 17

What is the epicotyl

Answer 17

short stem above the hypocotyl that has 1-2 foliage leaves and then a shoot apical meristem

Question 18

What is the plumule

Answer 18

embyronic shoot that is covered by the protective coleoptile

Question 19

What is the coleorhiza

Answer 19

a protective sheath that covers the radicle

Question 20

What is the pericarp

Answer 20

the mature ovary wall

Question 21

What is germination

Answer 21

Resumption of growth of the embryo, Cell enlargement and cell division

Question 22

What four external factors do seeds need to grow

Answer 22

water, oxygen, temperature, and light

Question 23

What is dormancy

Answer 23

Fail to germinate even in favorable conditions

Question 24

What are some causes of dormancy

Answer 24

Physiological immaturity, and impermeable seed coat

Question 25

What are some examples to break dormancy

Answer 25

Pass through digestive tract, Rainfall, Mechanical cracking, Heat of fire, Light from canopy opening

Question 26

What is the first structure to emerge from a growing seed

Answer 26

taproot (primary root)

Question 27

What are characteristics of taproot

Answer 27

first structure to emerge, produces lateral roots, and short lived in monocots

Question 28

What is the definition of epigeous

Answer 28

the type of seed germination in which the cotyledons are carried above ground level

Question 29

Explain the process of epigeous

Answer 29

when the hook reaches the soil surface, it straightens out and pulls the cotyledons and plumule up into the air

Question 30

What is the definition of hypogeous

Answer 30

the type of seed germination in which the cotyledons stay underground

Question 31

Explain the process of hypogeous

Answer 31

the epicotyl is the structure that elongates and forms the hook, this protects the young leaves and shoot tip, as the epicotyl straightens out the plumule is raised above the soil surface, since elongation occurs above the cotyledons, they remain in the ground where they eventually decompose

Question 32

Where do monocots get their food during germination

Answer 32

get food from endosperm