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Plant Science > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four major types of living organisms

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

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2
Q

which of the four major types of living organisms are monomers

A

lipids

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3
Q

what is the function of carbohydrates

A

energy storage, structural components

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4
Q

what is in a monosaccharide

A

glucose (carbohydrate)

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5
Q

what is in a disaccharide

A

sucrose (carbohydrate)

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6
Q

what is the most common way that plants transport energy

A

through sucrose

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7
Q

what is in a polysaccharide

A

starch, cellulose, chitin

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8
Q

what are characteristics of lipids

A

fats and fatlike substance, hydrophobic, energy-storage, structural purpose

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9
Q

what are phospholipids

A

structural role in cell membrane and amphipathic

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10
Q

what are steroids

A

cell membranes and hormones

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11
Q

how do lipids help with water loss

A

cutin, suberin, and waxes

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12
Q

what are nucleic acids

A

polymers of nucleotides, DNA and RNA

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13
Q

what is the function of nucleic acids

A

introductions from protein synthesis

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14
Q

what is ATP

A

a modified nucleotide

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15
Q

where are primary metabolites found

A

found in all plant cells and are necessary for the life of the plant

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16
Q

where re secondary metabolites found

A

found only in some cells and vary by species/plant organ/cell

17
Q

what are characteristics of secondary metabolites

A

chemical signals, defense, protection from radiation, aid in pollen and seed dispersal

18
Q

what are the three types of secondary metabolites

A

alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolics

19
Q

morphine, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine are examples of what

A

alkaloids

20
Q

where are terpenoids found

A

in all plants

21
Q

isoprene, essential oils, taxol, rubber, and cardiac glycosides are examples of what

A

terpenoids

22
Q

where are phenolics found

A

present in all parts of almost all plants

23
Q

what components do all cells contain

A

plasma membrane, genetic material, cytosol, ribosomes

24
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane

A

transport in and out of protoplasts; coordinates synthesis and assembly of cell wall; receives and transmits signals

25
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

controls ongoing cell activity; stores genetic information

26
Q

what are plastids

A

function in photosynthesis and storage; are classified in part by the type of pigments they contain

27
Q

what are characteristics of plastids

A

own DNA and ribosomes; double membrane; division by fission

28
Q

what are characteristics of chloroplasts

A

contain chlorophylls and carotenoids; site of photosynthesis; temporary starch storage

29
Q

what are characteristics of mitochondria

A

own DNA and ribosomes; double membrane; divided by fission; sites of cellular respiration

30
Q

what are vacuoles

A

membrane-bound region filled with liquid; may be 90% of cell volume

31
Q

what is the function of vacuoles

A

maintain tissue rigidity; store primary and secondary metabolites; store pigments; may breakdown and recycle macromolecules

32
Q

where are flagella found

A

in gametes in plants with motile sperm

33
Q

what type of plants have flagella

A

mosses, liverworts, ferns, cycads, ginko

34
Q

what is the cell wall composed of

A

cellulose, lignin, cutin, suberin, wax, middle lamella

35
Q

what is unique to cells with secondary walls

A

they are no longer able to divide or differentiate nor increase in size, usually die after formation

36
Q

what are plasmodesmata

A

cytoplasmic strands connecting adjacent cells

37
Q

what are the parts of the cell cycle

A

interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis

38
Q

what are phragmosomes

A

cytoplasmic strands

39
Q

what are phragmoplasts

A

microtubules that guide the Golgi in forming the cell plate

Plant Science (20 decks)

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