Lecture 10- Experiencing the world Flashcards
(36 cards)
what is consciousness?
the way in which we perceive the world
In information processing terms, what is consciousness?
- A state that we can report on “yes I see it”
- A state that we can reason about
What two consciousness did Block (1995) find?
- Access
- Phenomenal
what is Access Consciousness?
- information processing
- mental representation has wide access to other processes
- language & reasoning
what is Phenomenal Consciousness?
- what it is like (experience)
- what it feels like
- richness that goes beyond language
What does Nagel (1974) argue for phenomenal consciousness?
- not possible to image what it is like to be a bat
- since what it’s like can not be described or shared publicly, it could never be experienced
what does Jackson (1986) argue for phenomenal consciousness?
Individuals can learn what it is like as they have experience
What does Chalmers (1996) argue for phenomenal consciousness?
he states that “phenomenal consciousness” is something that exists in addition to cognition and cannot be explained by information processing
Name the two types of problems
- Easy
- Hard
(same definition as access and phenomenal consciousness)
What do psychologist do when hard problems are too hard?
- contrast conscious and unconscious mental processes
- take ppts word
- claim that hard problem is an illusion
What does Dennett (1991)/ Frankish (2016) state about illusionism?
- there is no hard problem since phenomenal consciousness is nothing but information processing.
- w have
who suggested the Two Visual Streams Hypothesis?
Milner and Goodale (1995)
What did the Two visual Visual Streams suggest?
- some mental processes e.g., buildings up general purpose representation of the world is generally conscious.
- however visual information, when used to control action can remain unconscious
what does blindsight tell us about consciousness?
1) Reliable behaviour without conscious awareness
2) Blindsight patients lack phenomenal and access processing
3) consciousness may have limited function
4) consciousness can be associated with better knowledge of the world
What does O’Regan & Noe (2002) illusion being rich consciousness?
- only the current focus on attention is rich there is nothing else
- we are subject to a “refrigerator light illusion”
- if we want to know what is out there we can move our attention
What does Cohen et al state about is rich consciousness an illusion?
there is something it just very abstract
what did Baars (1988/2002) find?
Global workspace theory
Describe the global workspace theory
- this an explanation for the access consciousness
- representations activated in working memory enjoy widespread access
- other specialised processes can be recruited
what did Dehaene & Naccahe (2001) research?
Global neuronal workspace theory
What specialised systems does the global neuronal workspace contain?
- evaluative (value)
- attentional (focusing)
- motor (future)
- perceptual (present)
- long- term memory (past)
What does the global neuronal workspace predict for the unconscious stimuli?
- things that are shown but not reported
- should be represented in widespread areas
What does the global neuronal workspace predict for the conscious stimuli?
- things that are shown and reported
- should be represented in widespread areas
- frontal and parietal areas
what are the three tiers of global neuronal workspace?
T1= Conscious
T2= Preconscious
T3= Subliminal
How can we test workspace theories?
Compare conscious and unconscious trials with the same stimuli
Attentional blink
Change blindness
Patients
