Lecture 6- Working Memory Flashcards
(34 cards)
Is STM limited?
yes
What are the two signatures of limited- capacity STM?
- Immediate Free recall- recency effect
- Immediate serial recall- memory span
What is the Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971) model called?
Modal Model evidence from free call
Describe the Free recall task?
- see a list of words at a steady rate
- at the end of the list, you try to recall as many words as you can, in any order you like
What did Atkinson and Shiffrin find during the free recall task?
- ppts are more likely to remember the first (primacy effect) and last words (recency effect) of the list
Where does the primacy effect and the asymptote come from?
The long-term memory store
How does primacy effect occur?
the first items of the list are the thoughts you pay attention to/ more rehearsal
What does Atkinson and Shiffrin model contain?
1) Sensory Registers
2) Short Term Store
3) Long-term store
What are the sensory registers known as?
pre-categorical sensory stores
What are the STS known as?
Post-categorical Limited-capacity short-term store.
Highly accessible at test.
What is the LTS known as?
vast capacity of post-categorical permanent information
reliant on retrieval cues
What is the evidence for the Atkinson and Shiffrin Model?
The serial position curve in free recall
Rundus (1971): Rehearsal and primacy
Glanzer (1972) free recall as a two-component task
Outline Rundus (1971) experiment.
- Participants saw lists of 20 unrelated words for free recall.
- The words were presented for 5 seconds each.
- Participants were instructed to rehearse out loud during the study
What did Rundus found?
- found a primacy effect and a recency effect
- the first word has the most rehearsals
What did Glazer (1972) state about the factors affecting LTS?
- List Length
- Presentation rate
What did Glazer (1972) state about the factors affecting STS?
Filled Delay (distractor task)
What did Baddeley and Warrington (1970) find?
Amnesic patients have impaired LTS
preserved STS/ recency
Describe Craik and Watkins (1973) experiment?
- Participants were instructed to listen to a list of words and report, after each list, the last word that began with a G
- Varied the length of time between G
- Varied the presentation rate
What did Craik and Watkins (1973) find?
no relationship between primacy and recency effect
What is the Temporal Contiguity effect?
you recall one item, you will recall a word that is temporally adjacent to that
What do Contemporary theory state about recency and free recall?
free recall can be explained by continuum of memory
How can recency be predicted?
delta t/ T
delta t= amount of time between events
T= retention interval
how is recency affected if delta t and T are both small?
recency effect increases
(immediate recall)
how is recency affected if delta t is small and T is long?
Recency effect lowers
(delayed recall)
