Lecture 5- The Units if Selection: Attention 2 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What dominates current research in attention?
visual attention
What is overt attention?
What you are looking at with your eyes
What is Covert attention?
what you are attending psychologically
What does Posner state about visual attention?
- spatial cueing facilitates RT
- spatial spotlight of attention that speeds processing
Outline the Spotlight metaphor
- People can voluntarily favour certain locations
- Attention can be deployed in accord with internal goals
- Goal driven attention
- Endogenous attention
- But sometimes our attention seems to be captured
What is Endogenous Spatial attention?
you choose
What is Exogenous spatial attention?
Grabbed by stimuli
What did Jonides (1981) find?
if individuals are given the memory load
- central endogenous cues are disrupted
- peripheral exogenous cues still work
- this indicates we can control attention
- even when cue is uninformative
What is Exogenous attention?
- Stimuli can also capture spatial attention
- This can happen even though the cue is not predictive
What are probe trials
- Measure the spread of attention
- press for 7, no press for T or Z
- position of probe is varied
What was Awh and & Pashler (2000) experiment?
- asked to report back the numbers (in the list of letters)
- cue given for where the target appears
What did Awh and Pashler find?
- When a number appeared between the two targets (invalid) accuracy was low
- suggests that spatial attention was not deployed in the middle
What did Driver & Rafal (1994) find?
- We select the whole object we might be unable to avoid out attention
what is the maximum limit of how many objects an individual can track?
4
What did Duncan (1984) find?
- if asked to report back on 2 properties of one object, it is easy
- but when asked to report properties across the two objects, it is difficult to do
How can you study vision without attention?
- change blindness
- The flicker paradigm
What did Rensink, O’Regan, & Clark (1997) state?
- Central interest changes noticed more
- Cueing increased change detection
- Once attended task is quite easy
- Prior to attention task is tough
What is preattentive vision?
what we see before we select a certain location
what is attentive vision?
when we pay attention to a certain point
What does Future integration theory state?
- There are 2 different stages of vision
- preattentive and attentive
What did Treisman & Gelade find in their experiment?
- When asked to select items, feature- rt was fast
- When asked to select conjunction- RT was slower
What does Treisman suggest?
- When we look at objects, it is broken down into three components
- colour, size, orientation
What happens to vision when you are overloaded?
- make an illusory conjunction
- indicates that there is a binding problem
what condition did Patient RM have?
- Simultanagnosia
- lose a sense of space
- can not see more than one object at a time
