Lecture 8- Reading and Dyslexia Flashcards
(28 cards)
Why is reading an essential ability in modern society?
- foundation in modern interaction
- necessary for learning
Why is reading important?
- Participation in society
- Learning (expository texts- facts)
- Enjoyment (Narrative)
What is the goal of reading?
The goal of reading is to construct a mental representation of the text. This is also known as a
situation model.
Outline the construction integration model?
- When we read sentences, we do a linguistic representation (Surface code level)
- We summarize the info into simpler propositions (propositional network- Text base level)
- relate propositions together through experience- situation model level
- deep comprehension
What is mental lexicon?
word knowledge storage in LTM
what types of information does the mental lexicon store?
- semantic features
- relationship with other concepts
- orthography & phonology
How do we build our mental lexicon?
-Babies learn to associate a sound with an object
- connect the letters they see visually with network they have already created
What is the neural recycling hypothesis? (Dehaene et al (2015)
- brain recycles neurons to be specialized in reading
- The visual word form area (VWFA)- connects with the meanings in the semantic network- LH
What happens when u read an implicit reading activity?
- 6-9 yrs= activation in the language network is low
- 9-18yrs= main concepts of the language network
- 20-23= activate neural network of language automatically
Outline The Dual Route Cascaded Model of word recognition and reading aloud
- Analyse visual features
- recognising letters (letter units)
- orthography- connect the letters to the sound and then sound to the meaning- phonological (indirect)
- direct- memory-orthographic route- learnt by sight and easy words
What route does Direct take?
- Ventral Pathway
- print-to-meaning
- words>pseudowords
What route does indirect take?
- Dorasal pathway
- print-to-sound
- connects occipital to the frontal
- pseudowords> words
Outline the Lexical quality hypothesis
- emphasizes involvement of semantics
- A word’s identity is a unique combination of knowledge of its orthography, phonology, and meaning
- high lexical quality
What does having high lexical quality mean?
good semantics, phonological and orthographic knowledge
What does it mean to have high lexical quality?
High lexical quality -> automatic word reading -> efficient identification -> good comprehension
Outline the Reading Systems Framework
- unifies the components together
- visual input
- goes through either orthography or phonology (depends on lexical quality)
- meaning is accessed through the Morphological syntax
- build sentences (parser)
- txt representations
- situation model
- this is done through inferences and general knowledge
What does the morphology syntax in the Reading Systems framework
contain?
- argument structure
- thematic roles
What is dyslexia?
- common learning difficulty broadly characterised by problems with reading, writing, and spelling
What does it mean if individuals have language impairment?
- good decoding
- poor language comprehension
what does it mean if an individuals is dyslexic?
- good language comprehension
- poor decoding
Name a few symptoms of dyslexia?
- difficulty learning rhyme words
- difficulty in learning letter names
- trouble arranging letters in the correct order when spelling
What are the types of dyslexia?
Acquired
Developmental
What is acquired dyslexia?
- gained after a stroke
- visual word form dyslexia
- phonological dyslexia- cannot read non-words
- surface dyslexia
- deep dyslexia- impaired reading of abstract words
What is developmental dyslexia?
- impaired reading and spelling of words/Non-words
- poor phonological processing skills
