Lecture 11 Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are some flags that might suggest underlying immune deficiency (7)
- Disease affecting particular breed
- Disease occurring in young littermate animals with onset shortly after the expected time of loss of maternally-derived immunity
- Unusual frequency of infections
- Chronic recurrent infections
- Infection in multiple body sites
- Failure of infection to respond to standard antimicrobial therapy
- Infection with environmental microbes
- Persistent lymphopaenia or hypogammaglobulinaemia
- Failure to respond to vaccination
What is a primary immune deficiency
Mutation in a gene encoding a molecule of the immune system
How do you get a primary immune deficiency
Inherited, congenital
When are clinical sings of a primary immune deficiency apparent
Early in life
What is a secondary immune deficiency
Previously normal immune system function
How do you get a secondary immune deficiency
Acquired
How do you get a primary immune deficiency 1
DNA defects
What do most primary immune deficiency 1 have in animals
Homologues
What is primary immune deficiency 2
Deficiencies of adaptive immunity
Primary immune deficiency 2: what is a humeral immunodeficiency
Body fails to produce any or enough antibodies to fight infection
Primary immune deficiency 2: cellular (T cell) immunodeficiencies
The cellular defences against infection fail to work properly
Primary immune deficiency 2: combined immunodeficiencies
Both B and T cell defects, progenitor cells
What are deficiencies of innate immunity
- Defects in entry into inflamed tissues
- Cyclical or severe congenital neutropenia
- Defects in granules in neutrophils
What are defects in adaptive immune (2)
- Defects in T or B lymphocytes
- Combines deficiencies - defects in both T and B cells
- Selective Ig deficiencies
- Deficiencies in CD4 or CD8 T cells or both, deficiency in CD4 T cells impacts on Ab production
What are individuals with B cells deficiencies more likely to die from
Extracellular bacterial infections
What are individuals with T cells deficiencies more likely to die from
Viral infections
What do combined (T + B) immune deficiencies lack
Stem cells
What certain cell deficiencies impact on Ab production
T cells
What can defects in both T and B cells cause
Combined deficiencies
What do defects in thymus function that block T-cell development result in
Severe immunodeficiency
What does defects in antigens receptor genes affect
Both T and B cells
What can defects in cytokine genes influence
T and B cell differentiation and function
What will defects in antigen presentation pathway influence
T cell activation -> B cell Ab production impaired
What can secondary immune defects affect
Animals of any breed
Animals with previously normal immune function
