Lecture 5 Flashcards
(24 cards)
When Ab molecule is bound to a B cell what does it act as
Antigen receptor
When is the humeral immune response initiated
Ag binds to BCR
What can antibodies be known as
Immunoglobulin
What are antibodies made by
Specialiased B lymphocytes
What does exposure of Ab to Ag do
Induces the production of antibodies
What is the function of an antibody (4)
- Enhance phagocytosis
- Enhances complement mediated killing
- Neutralise toxins
- Prevent pathogen attachment
Where do B cells develop
bone marrow
What do B cells do when they mature
leave bone marrow via blood and end up in lymph nodes, spleen or MALT
What do B cells receive help from after binding their Ag
CD4 T cells
What sort of molecules are antibodies
Effector molecules
What do B cells differentiate into
Long-lived plasma cells that secrete Ab or memory B cells
What do T and B cell form together
Germinal centres
What are germinal centres
Sites of rapid B cell proliferation and differentation and Ig class switching
Which cell decides what type of Ig is made
T cells signal B cells
What do B cells become in the germinal centre
Ab-secreting plasma cells or memory B cells
Functions of Ab (4)
- Neutraisation of microorganisms and toxins
- Opsonisation and phagocytosis
- Ab + complement = classical pathway of complement activation –> lysis of bacteria
- Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity; Ab forms bridge between microbe/host cell and killer cell
What is stronger and quicker: memory response or primary response
Memory response
Clinical use of Ab (5)
- Disease diagnosis
- Blood typing, transfusion compatibility testing
- Transplantation testing/match and monitoring
- Immunotherapy
- Vaccine testing
How can adaptive immunity go wrong (3)
- Over exuberant immune response
- Microbes have evolved clever ways of evading immunity
- If the host defence is compromised infectious disease is established more easily
When an immunoglobulin is released by the B cell and free in circulation, what will it act as
An antibody
Where do B cells develop in birds
Bursa
Where do B cells enter the follicles (2)
- Lymph nodes
2. White pulp of spleen
Where does the immune response usually start if located in blood
Spleen
Where does the immune response usually start if located in tissue
lymph node
