Lecture 12 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Who said “to understand the world, we need to know ourselves first?”
Socrates.
What defined the self in the 16th century?
Being true to your moral self.
How did people define the self in the early 20th century?
Dignity, self-respect, inner worth, meaning in life.
What did people think of the self in the late 20th century?
Find yourself and actualize yourself.
How did people define the self in the 21st century?
You should create yourself.
How did W James define the self?
The duality of the self.
Listening to your current stream of thoughts.
Your self-concept, like beliefs about your body.
What were the three ways a trait adjective could be judged in the self-reference paradigm?
- Does this trait describe?
- Does the trait describe a famous person?
- Is the trait presented in uppercase
In the self-reference effect test, rank the types of adjectives from best to worst ?
Self
Other (thinking of another person)
Shallow (is it all caps)
In an FMRI, oxygen consumption =
neuronal activity.
Which brain areas show the levels of processing effect?
Activation differences in Left inferior prefrontal.
No difference between self and other in a region associated with level of processing effect.
What brain areas show the self-referential encoding effect?
Significant difference in Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC) for “Self”
condition. Higher activity (no deactivation).
This suggests that self-referential processing is linked to a specific
brain region
Activity related to self-knowledge is often found in _________________
Medial prefrontal cortex
For those with Alzheimer’s dementia, world-knowledge is gone, but ___________
the self is still there. Asking things like “are you stubborn?” have high test-retest reliability.
Are apes surprised by a change of their appearance in the mirror? How about monkeys and dogs?
Apes are, but not monkeys or dogs.
How many kids touch a dot on their nose when looking in a mirror?
- 25% of 9-12 months old
- 75% of 21-25 months old
How does self concept evolve?
Goes from observable characteristics to being more abstract and focused on psychological traits.
9 year old: “I am a boy. I have brown hair.”
20 years old : “I am a curious, friendly, pseudoliberal.”
What was the procedure of the moth study?
- Manipulation:
- Read about a competition or cooperation. Imagine playing a “wall street” or “community”
game. - DVs:
Draw a flight path of a moth
What were the results of the moth study?
The moth trajectories are more complex in the competitive condition.
What was the procedure of Ybarra’s partner or opponent study?
- Manipulation:
- Meet a potential “partner” or “opponent”.
- DV: Fill out the “unpredictability scale”
What were the results of Ybarra’s partner or opponent study?
Greater unpredictability in the competitive condition.
