Lecture 13 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Who though that we compare ourselves to other people as a means of judging attributes about the self?
Leon Festinger.
What was the procedure of the Mr. Clean/Mr. Dirty study?
PROCEDURE:
- Male students applied for job
- Fill out self-esteem scale
- Meet (between-subjects design)
- Mr. Clean (smart suit, science books)
- Mr. Dirty (cheap clothes, cheap sex novel)
- Fill out another self-esteem scale
What were the results of the Mr. Clean/Mr. Dirty study?
- Mr. Clean condition ->
self-esteem decrease - Mr. Dirty condition ->
self-esteem increase
What were the results of the social comparison and loneliness test?
Both momentary
feelings of loneliness,
and a more enduring
trait judgments depend
on temporal (my life in
the past vs present)
and social (other
people) comparisons.
What was the procedure of the insufficient justification paradigm?
- Subjects do a boring task.
- Then paid $1 or $20.
- Subjects are asked to persuade others to do it. Many agree to do it
For the insufficient justification paradigm experiment, what happened to the subjects who were paid more?
They found the task more aversive, less likely to do it again, less likely to persuade others.
For the insufficient justification paradigm experiment, what happened to the subjects who were paid less?
They found the task more pleasant and more likely to do it again.
What was Leon Festinger’s interpretation of the insufficient justification paradigm?
- Discrepancy between attitude and behavior (persuasion) induces unpleasant internal tension.
- Change your preference to be congruent with how your feeling, reducing internal tension.
What was Daryl Bem’s interpretation of the insufficient justification paradigm?
- Why did I do this?
- “If I did it, and was only paid $1, it couldn’t have been all that bad. I must have liked it.”
What were the results of the preferences from manipulated choices study?
- Participants did not notice the switch.
- Participants gives rationalization for choice.
- Participants later change later preferences to align with their own choices.
What was the procedure for the movie experiment, where they played a loud noise?
- Participants view a movie:
- With a loud noise outside
- without a loud noise outside - Participants rate the movie:
- How interesting was it? How much did you like the main character? - Participants assess the impact of the noise (causal report):
- Did the noise increase / decrease your ratings
What were the results of the movie experiment with the loud noise?
- 55% claim the noise decreased
- But, there was no actual
their ratings.
effect of the noise!
What was the significance of the experiment with the loud noise in the movie theater?
People are horrible at judging what causes their own behavior.
Self-focus improves access to some more internal states, as reflected in more accurate reports of:
- Attitudes
- Level of arousal
- Sensations
What’s an example of how self-aware people behave more in line with their attitudes?
Halloween candy jar study.
What was the procedure where they asked “does self-focus improve causal reports?”
- Participants listened to an audio recorded short story. It either did or didn’t have background noise.
- Participants respond to the story, like recalling to aspects of the story.
- Participants rate the influence of noise
- Some participants just respond to story and noise questions. Other participants respond after they were made self-aware with a mirror.
Where the results of the experiment where they asked “does self-focus improve causal reports?”
- Noise had no actual effect on recall.
- Subjects were inaccurate reporting the negative effect of noise.
- Self-aware people were just as inaccurate in rating the impact of noise as non-self aware people.
What was the procedure for experiment, where they asked “can people use the bodily response to detect the emotion of a subliminal face?
- Showed a face for a fraction of a second.
- Another image covered it, either or a face with a different expression or static.
- Ask what emotion was displayed
- Measure facial EMG throughout the trial.
- Asked to either look hard, sense what you feel, or nothing.
Result of the “use your feelings” strategy?
Using your feelings is slightly better, but not statistically significant.
Did “using their feelings” help people who score high on “introspective awareness” scales?
No.
