lecture 13: anterior forearm and hand Flashcards
1
Q
know the elements of the radius and ulna
A
styloid processes heads ext
2
Q
explain the projection of the styloid process of the ulna
A
projects from medial side (palpated medially and extends posterioly)
3
Q
is the dorsal tubercle located psoterior or anterior
A
posterior
4
Q
how many radioulnar joints are there
A
3
5
Q
what are the 3 radioulnar jpints
A
proximal
middle
distal
6
Q
what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar jt
A
synovial pivot
7
Q
what makes the proximal RU jt a pivot
A
annular ligament
8
Q
the radius or the ulna moves in supination/pronation
A
the radius moves reltaive to ulna
9
Q
what type of joint is the middle RU jt
A
solid, syndesmosis (no articular cartilage)
10
Q
what makes up the middle RU jt
A
interosseus membrane
11
Q
what is the function of the interosseus membrane
A
keeps both shafts together under tendion
important for muscle attachments
12
Q
what type of joint is the distal RU jt
A
synovial pivot
(doesal and ventral radioulnar lig)
13
Q
where is the annular lig of the elbow found
A
proximal RU jt
14
Q
where are the ventral and dorsal radioulnar ligaments of the elbow found
A
distal
15
Q
what are the movements possible at the radioulnar joints
A
pronation and supination
16
Q
know the difference btween pronation and supination
A
,
17
Q
explain the movement of the radius during ponarion
A
the ulna is locked in the humerus therefore the radius rotates over the fixed ulna
(moves obliquely) so that the head of the radius moves medially)
18
Q
only the BLANK moves during pronation and supination
A
RADIUS
19
Q
explain the movement of the distal end of the radius during RU movement
A
only the radius moves during pronation and supination with the distal end pivoting around ulnar head
20
Q
how many carpal bones
A
8
21
Q
how many metacarpals
A
5
22
Q
what are the bones of the palm
A
metacarpas
23
Q
what are the aspects of the metacarpals
A
head body and base
24
Q
where does the base of the metacarpals sit
A
prxomial to the carpas
25
phalanges make up the blank
fingers
26
how many phalanges are there in digets 2-5
3 (middle, distal and proximal)
27
how many phalanges are there in thumb
proximal and sital
28
how many rows of carpal bones
8 bones in two rows (proximal and distal)
29
what are the carpal bones in the proximal row, from lateral to medial
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrium
pisiform
30
which carpal bone lies most laterally
scaphoid
31
what are the carpal bones in the distal row from medial to lateral
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium
32
what carpal bone is a sesmoid bone
pisiform
33
what is the anatomical aspect of the hammate
hook of the hammate
34
what fills in the medial gap in the hand
triangular fibrocartilagenous complex TFCC
35
the intercarpal joints are what type
synovial, plane/gliding
36
what is the most common wrist injury
scaphoid fracture (FOOSH)
compromision vasculatorue
37
what type of joint it the wrist joint
synovial
condylloid/ellipsoidal
38
what are the articulations of the wrist joint
articulations between distal radius, TFCC and proximal row of carpals
39
the articulations of the wrist joint is between distal radius, TFCC and proximal row of carpals (all of them)
false, all except pisiform
40
what is the articular disk in the wrist
TFCC
41
TRUE OR FALSE: THERE IS no direct contact between ulna and carpal bones
true, thats why we have the TFCC
42
which bone artilates most with the wrist
carpal and radius
43
true or false: ulna has a lot of contact in the wrist joint
false, raddius
44
since wrist joint is condyllois that means it has what type of movement
biaxial
45
what are the movements possible at the wrist joint because of the condylloid joint
extension/flexion
abduction/adduction
46
what is another name for abduction of the wrist
radial deviation
47
what is another name for adduction of the wrist
ulnar deviation (toward midline)
48
what is the ROM in ulnar deviation greater
beacuse of the TFCC (squishy)
49
what are the important lkigaments at the wrist
ulnar and radial collateral ligaments
50
what motion fdoes the radial collateral ligament limit
ulnar deviation
51
what motion does the ulnar colalteral ligament limit
radial deviateion
52
bixai lhas motion in BLANK planes
two planes and combination
53
what are the intrinsic hand joints
metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints I-V
carpometacarpal (CMC) joint 1
interphalangeal (IP) joint
carpometacarpal (CMC) joints II-V
54
what type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints I-V
synovial. condyloid
55
between what two bones is the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints I-V
between metacaral and proximal phalanx
56
what type of joint is the carpometacarpal CMC joint 1
synovial saddle
57
between what two bones in the carpometacarpal joint 1
1st metacarpal and trapezium
58
what type of joint is the interphalangeal joints (IP)
synovial hunge
59
what are the two subsets of the IP joints
distal IP joint (DIP)
proximal IP joint (PIP)
60
what type of joint is the carpometacarpla CMC joints II-V
synoval, condyloid
61
true or false; there is limited. ovement in the carpometacarpal joints II-V
true because there are many ligaments
62
true or false< there are only collateral ligaments at elbow and wrist
false, also at the fingers
63
what joints do flexion and extension at the hand
interphalangeal joints (PIP and DIP-hinge)
also at thumb PIP
64
what is the motion of the metacarpophalangeal MCP joits
abduction
adduction
flexion and extension
65
what is the movement of the 1st carpometacarpal CMC joint (thumb)
flexion and extension (coronal plane=same plane as other fingers)
abduction and addction (out of the plane, saggital)
opposition (combining)
66
anterior compartment of the forearm is aka
flexor compartments
67
posterior compartment of the forearm is aka
extensor compartments
68
what general types of muscles are on the anterior comparment of the forearm
flexors and pronators of the wrist and flexors of the digits
69
what general types of muscles are on the posterior comparment of the forearm
extensors and supinators of the wrist and extensors of the digits
70
what is the anterior compartment/flexor compartment innervated by
medial and ulnar nerves
71
what is the posterior compartment/extensor compartment innervated by
radial n (deep branch)
72
why is the flexor compartment so much larger than the extensor compartment in the forearm
beacuse functionally flexing the digits for hanging onto things is more evolutionarry important
73
what are the pronators of the forearm
pronator teres
pronator quadratus
74
what is the origin of the pronator teres
medial epicondyle of the humerus
75
what is the insertion of the pronator teres
proximal radius (lateral)
76
what is the function of the pronator teres
pronation
77
what is the origin of the pronator quadratus
distal ulna
78
what is the isnertion of the pronator quadratus
distal radius
79
what is the motion of the pronation
rotation of the radius at the humeroradial and radioulnar joints, radius crosses over ulna
80
pronator teres is located in what layer
superficial laye
81
pronator quadratus is located in what layer
deepest layer
82
true or false: pronator quadratus is located in the superficial layer
false, deepest
83
what are the supinators of the forearm
biceps brachii and supinator
84
what muscle is the primary suppinator
biceps brachii
85
explain biceps brachii and how it is a supinator of the foream
supragelnoid tubercle (long) and coracoid process (short) to the radial tuberocity
primary fucntion, strong supinator especially with elbow at 90 degrees)
86
what two muslces make a v and aid in supination and pronation
supinator and pronateor teres
87
explain motion of ulna during supination
rotation of the radius @ humeroradial and radioulnar joints, radius uncrosses back over the ulna to become parallel to it
88
what is the origin of the supinator
lateral epicondyle of the humerus and proximal ulna
89
what is the insertion of the supinator
;proximal radius (lateral) posterior compartment muscles
90
how many muscles are ther ein the superficial layert os the anterior compartment of the forarm
4
91
what are the 4 muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
92
arrange these muscles from lateral to medial
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
93
what it the shared origin/common attachement of the 4 muscles of the superficial muscle of the anterior compartment of the forearm
medial humeral epicondylu
94
what is the origin of the pronator teres
medial humeral epicondule
95
what is the insertion of the pronator teres
distal attachement at the radius
96
what is the function of the pronator teres
pronation
97
which muscle of the supercfical layer of the anterior comparement of forearm is most lateral
pronator teres
98
what is the origin of the flexor carpi radialis
medial humeral epicondyle
99
what is the insertion of the flexor carpi radialis
MC II and III
100
what is the function of the flexor carpi radialis
flexion and abduction (radial devation) of the carpus/wrist
101
what is the origin of the palmaris longus
medial humeral epicondyle
102
what is the insertion of the palmaris longus
palmar apioneurosis
103
what is the function of the palmaris longus
weak wrist flexion (absent in 3%-60% of indivualsO)
104
what is the origin of the flexor carpis ulnaris
medial humeral epicondyle
105
what is the insertion of the flexor carpis ulnaris
pisiform, hamate and MC V
106
what is the function of the flexor carpis ulnaris
flexion and adduction (ulnar deviation) of tje wrist
107
what is the most medial muscle of the superficial layer of anterior compartment of the forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris
108
how many muscles of the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm
1
109
what muscle makes up the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of thje forearm
flexor digitorem superficialis (FDS)
110
true or false, the flexor digi superficialis has 2 heads
yes, two heads that split into 4 tendons
111
the two heads of the flexor digitorem superficialis split into how many tendons
4
112
what is the origin of the flexor digitorem supericialis (FDS)
medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna (humeroulnar head) and proximal half of the anterior surface of radius (radial head)
113
what is the insertion of the flexor digitorem supericialis (FDS)
via four tendons onto the sides of the middle phalantages of digits II to V
114
true or false, flexor digi superficialis extends all the way to the distal phalanges
false, middle
115
what is the function of the flexor digitorem supericialis (FDS)
flexion of wrist, MCP and PIP joints of digits II-V (no thumb or DIP)
116
what happens to the flexor digi superificalis tendon when it reaches the middle phalanx
splits into two divisions
117
where does the flexor digitorem superficialis not act op
the thumb or the DIP
118
how many muscles makei up the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm
3
119
what are the muscles of the deepest layer of the anterior forearm
flexor pollicus longus (FPL)
flexor digi profundus (FDP)
pronator quadratus
120
what is the orogin of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
radius, interosseus membrane
121
what is the insertion of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
distal phalanx of digit 1 (thumb)
122
what is the function of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL)
flexion of the wrist and joints of the thumb
123
what is the oringin of the flexor digitorem profundus (FDP)
ulna and interosseus membrane
124
what is the insertion of the flexor digitorem profundus (FDP)
base of distal phalanx of digits II to V
125
what is the function of the flexor digitorem profundus (FDP)
flexion of the wrist, MCP joints, PIP and DIP joints of digits II to V
126
true or false: flexor digitorem profundus (FDP) acts on PIP and DIP joints
true
127
why does the flexor digitorem superifialis split into t2
so that the flexor digi profundus tendon passes thorugh it
128
pronator quadratus lies deep to what
flexor digitorem profundus and flexor pollics longus
