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315 - anatomy > lecture 25: anatomy of gait II (abnormal) > Flashcards

lecture 25: anatomy of gait II (abnormal) Flashcards

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1
Q

understnd slide 5 about the motions forces and muscles patterss

A

/

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2
Q

another name for heel strike

A

initial contact

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3
Q

another name for loading response

A

foot flat

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4
Q

antoher name for terminal stance

A

heel off

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5
Q

another name for preswing

A

toe off

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6
Q

what is the definition of abnormal or atypical gaits

A

deviations from the kinematic patterns of a normal gait cycle

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7
Q

true or false: abnormal gaits can only be permanent and explain

A

false, can be temporary (injury) or permanent (eg: palsy, amputation)

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8
Q

are abnormal gaits unilateral, bilateral

A

can be eithre

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9
Q

abnormal gaits may affect what two things

A

1) timing of gait cycling eevents and/r
2) movement of limb segments /trunk

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10
Q

what are the 3 causes/types of abnormal gaits

A

1) muscle weakness
2) joint range of motion issues due to underlying factors (contractures, fusion, arthritis)
3) neurological disorders (parkinsons, hemiplegia)

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11
Q

what is the challange with gluteal maximus gait

A

weak/paralyzed glute maxius (ie: injury to inferior gluteal n) cant prevent (control) hip flexor torque at inittial contact/loading response, causing hip to buckle into flexion

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12
Q

weak/paralyzed glute maxius is due to what

A

injury to inferior gluteal n

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13
Q

what would a weak/paralyzed glute maxius (ie: injury to inferior gluteal n) do in terms of walking (glute max gait)

A

cant prevent (control) hip flexor torque at inittial contact/loading response, causing hip to buckle into flexion

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14
Q

weak/paralyzed glute maxius (ie: injury to inferior gluteal n) cant prevent (control) hip flexor torque at inittial contact/loading response, causing hip to do what

A

buckle into flexion

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15
Q

weak/paralyzed glute maxius (ie: injury to inferior gluteal n) cant prevent (control) what, causing hip to do what

A

hip flexor torque at inittial contact/loading response

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16
Q

what is the function of glute max in walking

A

glute max helps extend hip at the end of swing and controls hip flexion due to ground reaction force/toque at initial contact

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17
Q

glute max helps extend hip at the end of swing and controls hip flexion due what

A

to ground reaction force/toque at initial contact

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18
Q

what is the compensation of the gluteus maximus gait

A

quickly shift the trunk posteriorly, which moves GRF line of action posterior to hip joint, reducing or eliminated hip flexion torque due to GRF

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19
Q

what does quickly shifting the trunk posteriorly, do

A

which moves GRF line of action posterior to hip joint, reducing or eliminated hip flexion torque due to GRF

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20
Q

by quickly shifting the trunk posteriorly, which moves GRF line of action posterior to hip joint,what does this do

A

reducing or eliminated hip flexion torque due to GRF

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21
Q

be able to recognize picture of gluteus maximus gait

A

/

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22
Q

what do hip abductors control during gait

A

contralateral drop of the pelvis (pelvis tilt) during single support in stance

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23
Q

what is the challenge of muscle weakness/paralysis in the hip abductors

A

weak/paralyzed gluteus meduis, minimus or TFL prevents smooth control of pelvis tilt, leading to an abnormal amount of drop (due to trunk weight)

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24
Q

weak/paralyzed gluteus meduis, minimus or TFL prevents what

A

smooth control of pelvis tilt, leading to an abnormal amount of drop (due to trunk weight)

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25
weak/paralyzed gluteus meduis, minimus or TFL prevents smooth control of pelvis tilt, leading to what
an abnormal amount of drop (due to trunk weight)
26
weaknesess of what muscles leads to tredenlenburg gait
glute med, min or TFL
27
what is the compensation for a weak/paralyzied hip abductors
shift the trunk over the stance leg to reduce the tprque created by the trunk during single support
28
in compensation for weak/paralyzed hip abductors we shift the trunk over the stance leg to do what
reduce the torque created by the trunk during single support
29
explain tredelenburg gait
noticeable lateral shift of trunk over stance leg and excessive pelvic drop, indicative of weakness in hip abduction
30
noticeable lateral shift of trunk over stance leg and excessive pelvic drop are indicative of what
indicative of weakness in hip abduction
31
be able to recognize tredelenburg gait
32
knee extensors (vastus group) cotrol what
control knee flexion during loading response (due to GRF being psoterior to knee creating a flexion force)
33
why do knee extensors (vastus group) control knee flexion during loading response (
due to GRF being psoterior to knee creating a flexion force)
34
what is the challange with quadriceps gait/paralyzed quads
weak/paralyzed quadricepts (ie: injury/compression of femoral nerve under injuinal ligmanet) prevents smooth control of knee flexion during the loading repsonse, leading to knee buckling
35
weak/paralyzed quadricepts is due to what
ie: injury/compression of femoral nerve under injuinal ligmanet)
36
weak/paralyzed quadricepts (ie: injury/compression of femoral nerve under injuinal ligmanet) prevents what
smooth control of knee flexion during the loading repsonse, leading to knee buckling
37
weak/paralyzed quadricepts (ie: injury/compression of femoral nerve under injuinal ligmanet) prevents smooth control of knee flexion during the loading repsonse, leading to. what
to knee buckling
38
what is the compensation for for the quadriceps gait
rapidly shift the trunk forward over the stance leg (lurch), shifting GRF into an extension torque, and/or physically push on knee to lock into extension
39
rapidly shifting the trunk forward over the stance leg (lurch), does what
shifting GRF into an extension torque, and/or physically push on knee to lock into extension
40
what is the challange of having weak/paralyzed dorsiflexors
weak/paralyzed dorsiflexors (eg: injury/compression of common fibular n, compartment syndrom) prevents smooth control of plantar flexion during the loading response, leading to foot slap and increases risk of tripping during swing due to drop foot
41
what are some explanations for weak/paralyzed dorsiflexors
(eg: injury/compression of common fibular n, compartment syndrom)
42
weak/paralyzed (eg: injury/compression of common fibular n, compartment syndrom) prevents what
smooth control of plantar flexion during the loading response, leading to foot slap and increases risk of tripping during swing due to drop foot
43
weak/paralyzed dorsiflexors (eg: injury/compression of common fibular n, compartment syndrom) prevents smooth control of plantar flexion during the loading response, leading to what
foot slap and increases risk of tripping during swing due to drop foot
44
what is the 2 functions of ankle dorsiflexors during gait
control plantarflexion in the initial contact/;loading response of the stance help clear foot/toes from ground throughout swing
45
what is the compensation for weak or paralyzed ankle dorsiflexors
1) exagerrate knee and hip flexion in early swing phase to clear ground (steppage gait) 2) shift to striking ground with midfoot or forefoot to avoid foot slap (equinus fait)
46
explain steppage gait and be able to recognize it
exagerrate knee and hip flexion in early swing phase to clear ground
47
explain equinus gait and be able to recognize it
shift to striking ground with midfoot or forefoor to avoid foot slap
48
hamstrings (knee flexors) usually help in what phase and how
in swing phase (clearing ground and swinging limb) but also "check activity ofthe knee extensors during the loading response)
49
hamstrings (knee flexors) usually help in what phase and how
in swing phase (clearing ground and swinging limb) but also "check activity ofthe knee extensors during the loading response)
50
what is the challagne with weak hamstrings
weak hamstring will be unable to balance the activity of the knee extensors, leading to rapid locking of the knee into extension (genu recurvatum)
51
weak hamstring will be unable to do what
balance the activity of the knee extensors, leading to rapid locking of the knee into extension (genu recurvatum)
52
weak hamstring will be unable to balance the activity of the knee extensors, leading to what
rapid locking of the knee into extension (genu recurvatum)
53
what is rapid locking of the knee into extension called
genu recurvatum
54
what is genu recurvatum
rapid locking of the knee into extension called
55
what is genu recurvatum
wrapid locking of the knee into extension called
56
what is the compensation for weak hamstrings in gait
none
57
what is the only gait that has no compensation
gait with genurecurvatum due to weak hamstrings
58
what are joint contractures
limitations to the normal range of motion of a joint due to stiffening/shortening of soft tissues around it (tendon, muscle, joint capsule)
59
what is joint contractures due to
due to stiffening/shortening of soft tissues around it (tendon, muscle, joint capsule)
60
when do hip and or knee flexion contratures occur
when the tightness or stiffness of a joint prevents full extension of those joints
61
hip and/or knee flexion contractures will manifest how
mafinest as crouched gait, typically with shorter step length for the unaffeted side because the affect side cannot complete a fully extended arc
62
hip and or knee flexion contracture will manifest as what gait
crouched gait
63
hip/knee flexion contractures will mafinest as crouched gait, typically with shorter step length for the unaffeted side why
because the affect side cannot complete a fully extended arc
64
in joint fusion, what happens to joint surfaces
joint surfaces calcify and fuse, preventing any motion at the joint
65
in joint fusion, joint surfaces calcify and fuse, preventing
any motion at the joint
66
what are some examples of how joint fusions can be patholigical
ankylosing spondylitis, heterotopic bone formation
67
what are the 2 ways to get joint fusions
pathological surgery performed to alleivate pain related to arthritis=arthrodesis
68
what is arthrodesis
Arthrodesis refers to the fusion of two or more bones in a joint to alleviate pain related to arthristus
69
explain hip fusion
the flexion/extension role normally played by the hip in walking is replaced by a dynamic change in lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt
70
in hip fusion, the flexion/extension role normally played by the hip in walking is replaced by what
by a dynamic change in lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt
71
explain the by a dynamic change in lumbar lordosis and pelvic tilt in hip fusion
decreased lordosis and poserior pelvic tilt at loading phase increased lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt at terminal stance
72
there there increased/decreased lordosis and poserior/anterior pelvic tilt at loading phase
decreased posterior
73
is there increased/decreased lordosis and /posterior anterior pelvic tilt at terminal stance
increased anterior
74
is there increased/decreased lordosis and /posterior anterior pelvic tilt at terminal stance
increased anterior
75
explain knee fusion
clearing foot in swing phase becomes challenging, leading to vaulting gait or circumduction gait
76
in knee fusion what becomes difficult and what does that lead to
clearing foot in swing phase becomes challenging, leading to vaulting gait or circumduction gait
77
knee fusion leads to what two f=gaits
vaulting gait circumduction gait
78
true or false: vaulting gait or circumduction gait are only appearnt in knee fusion
false, may also be apprent in knee extension contractures
79
what is vaulting gait
Vaulting gait is a compensatory strategy where someone will rise up on their toe (plantar flex) in order to swing the leg through without it hitting the floor
80
what is circumduction gait
To compensate, the patient abducts her thigh and swings her leg in a semi-circle to attain adequate clearance of the ground

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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