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315 - anatomy > lecture 9: the shoulder > Flashcards

lecture 9: the shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

which 2 bones form the glenohumeral joint

A

scapula and humerus

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2
Q

know all the landmarks of the scapila

A

.

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3
Q

what are the 2 tubercles of the humerus

A

lesser and greater

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4
Q

which tubercle facest more laterally

A

greater tubercke

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5
Q

which neck is more superior: anatomical or surgical

A

anatomical

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6
Q

what sits between the 2 tubercles

A

intertubercular groove

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7
Q

what is the orientation of the deltoid tuberocity

A

lateral

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8
Q

be able to name the landmarks on the hum

A

,

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9
Q

what type of joint is the glenohum joint

A

multiaxial ball and socket jt

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10
Q

what are the directins of the multiaxial ball and socket gleno joint

A

in both direcitons in 3 planes and the combo of these

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11
Q

what makes the gleno jt so mobile

A

it is a big ball (humeral head) in a small, shallow socket (glenoid fossa)

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12
Q

how much smaller is the glenoid fossa in comparison to the humeral head

A

3-4 times smaller

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13
Q

what are the motions of the glenohumeral joint

A

flexion, extension
abduction/adduciton
lateral/medial rotation

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14
Q

explain the cost of a highly mobile shoulder

A

multiaxial, large ROM with a shallow/ill fititng ball and socket

=instabilitiy

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15
Q

explain the cost of a highly mobile shoulder

A

multiaxial, large ROM with a shallow/ill fititng ball and socket

=instabilitiys

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16
Q

since there isso much instability of the gleno joint, what is needed

A

passive and active stab structures

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17
Q

what are the general passive stabilizers of the glenohum jt

A

glenoid labrum and ligaments

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18
Q

what is the glenoid labrum and its fucntion

A

the rim of fibrocartilage around the edge of the glenoid fossa that deepens the fossa and increases contact area

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19
Q

true or false: other mammals lack the gelnoid labrum

A

true

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20
Q

what surface do the glenohumeral ligaments reinforce

A

reinforce on the anterior/intferior surface

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21
Q

what surface do the coracohumeral ligaments support

A

the siperior aspect

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22
Q

true or false: the posterior surface of the gleno jt has many ligaments

A

false, has no ligaments

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23
Q

what are the important ligaments of the gleno jt

A

coracohum
glenohum

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24
Q

how many glenohumeral ligamnets are there

A

3

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25
Q

where does to the coracohumeral ligament attach

A

the greater tubercle of the huemrus

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26
Q

true or false: the shoudler is th emost commonly dislocated large jt

A

true

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27
Q

are there more anterior or posterior shoulder dislocations

A

95% are anterior dislocations

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28
Q

when there is an anterior discloation, what is the postion of the humeral head

A

in the subcoracoid position

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29
Q

what causes shoulder dislocations (MOI)

A

blunt force to abducted, extended and/or laterally rotated arm (ex: contact sports and overhead sports)

=torque applied to distal which causes rotation (ant lig acts as a hinge)

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30
Q

what is the main active stabilization of the shoulder

A

rotator cuff muscles

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31
Q

what are the 4 RC muscles

A

4 muscles that originate on scapula, wrap around shoulder joint capsule and insert on the tubercles of proximal humerus

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32
Q

where do the RC insert

A

the tubercles of the humerus

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33
Q

explain how the RC muslcles provide shoulder mobility and active stability

A

by pulling the humeral head against the glenoid fossa

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34
Q

true of false: the RC cause passive stabilization

A

false, active

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35
Q

what are the 4 RC muslces (sits)

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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36
Q

which RC lkes anterior

A

subscapularis

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37
Q

what is the origin of the supraspinatus m

A

supraspinous fossa

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38
Q

what is the insertion of the supraspinatus m

A

greater tubercle (sup facet)

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39
Q

where does the supraspinatus run

A

beneath acromion and over the glenoid fossa

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40
Q

what is the function of the supraspinatus

A

abduction (esp. early/initiation)

41
Q

where is supraspinatus most commonly used

A

overhead sports and occupations

42
Q

what is the origin of the infraspinatus

A

infraspinous fossa

43
Q

what is the orogin of the teres minor

A

inferior border of the scapula

44
Q

what is the insterion of the infraspinatus

A

greater tubercle (middle facet)

45
Q

what is the insertion of the teres minor

A

greater tubercle (inf facet)

46
Q

what is the motion/action of the tere minor and infraspinatus

A

lateral rotation
adduction (teres=weak)

47
Q

what is the origin of the subscap

A

subscapular fossa

48
Q

what is the insertion of the subscap

A

lesser tubercle of the humerus

49
Q

what is the action of the subscap

A

medial rotation (primary)
adduction (weak)

50
Q

what is RC tendinitis

A

inflammation of the RC tendons

51
Q

what are the main causes of RC tendinitis

A

wear and tear, age, often due to overuse and friction of overhead motions

52
Q

where is RC tendinitis most common

A

supraspinatus

53
Q

why is RC tendinitis most common in supraspinatus

A

it is bounded superiorly by acromion and coracoacromial ligament
(very narrow subacromial space)

54
Q

RC tendinitis is assocaited with what other condition

A

shoulder impingement syndrome

55
Q

what is shoulder impingement syndrome

A

irritation due to the pinching of the supraspinatus tendon in motion

56
Q

what is the painful arc test

A

abduction painful between 60 and 120 degrees

57
Q

which ligament forms a roof over the supraspinatus

A

coracoacromial

58
Q

be able to explain RC tendinitis

A

.

59
Q

true or false: Rc muscles are considered scapulohumeral muscles

A

true

60
Q

is deltoid a scapulohumeral muscles

A

yes

61
Q

what is the origin of the deltoid muscles

A

clavicle, acromial and spinal

62
Q

what is the insertion of the deltoid m

A

deltoid tuberocity of hum

63
Q

what is the action of the anterior/clavicular fibers of the detloid

A

flexion

64
Q

what is the action of the lateral/acromial fibers of the detloid

A

abduction

65
Q

what is the action of the psoterior/spinal fibers of the detloid

A

extension

66
Q

what is a common condition assocaited withdeltoid m

A

subacromial/subdeltoid m

67
Q

what are bursea

A

thin, fluid filled sacs between tisses (ex: muscles, bones and ligs)

68
Q

what is the function of bursae

A

reduces friction between the tissues

69
Q

what is SA/SD bursitis

A

inflammation and swelling of bursa, further narrowing subacromial space

70
Q

what is another expression of impingement syndrome (with sim symptoms)

A

SA/SD bursitis

71
Q

what are the subacromial and subdeltoid bursae

A

large, connected shoudler bursae, superior and lateral to humeral head
=b/w deltoid m and tendon of supraspinatus

72
Q

what is the anatomical position of the SA and SD bursa

A

superior and lateral

73
Q

where are the SA and SD bursae located

A

between deltoid m and tendon of supraspinatus

74
Q

what is the scapulohumeral SH rhythm

A

collaborative movement between the scapulothoracic and glenohum jtn

75
Q

what is SH ryhtm ration

A

2:1 ratio of glenohum to scapulothoracic movement respectively

76
Q

where does most os shoulder movement come from

A

the glenohum joint (aided by the scapulothoracic jt)

77
Q

explain the scapulohumeral (SH) rhythm

A

first 30 degrees of abduction: movement occurs at glenohum jt

beyond 30 degrees: further shoudler abduction is possible due to the concurrent movemetns at the sternoclav and scapulothoracic jts

78
Q

true or false: teres major is not a scapulohumeral muscle

A

false, it is

79
Q

what is the origin if the teres major

A

inferior angle of the scapula

80
Q

what is the insertion of the teresm= major

A

crest of lesser tubercle of humerus (medial)

81
Q

why does teres major do medial rotation

A

because it begins posteiror and crosses anterior

82
Q

what are the actions of the teres major

A

adduction, medial rotation

extension (when shoudler flexed)

83
Q

when does teres major do extension

A

when shoulder is flexed

84
Q

what are the scapulohumeral muscles

A

RC,deltoid
teres major
coracobrach

85
Q

what is the origin of the coracobrach

A

tip of the coracoid process

86
Q

what is the isnertion of the coracobrach

A

medial humerus
(1/2 way down)

87
Q

what is the action of the coracobrach

A

flexion,
adduction
medial rotation (weak)

88
Q

is the coracobrach a primary medial rotator

A

no false

89
Q

what are the thorax muscles with shoulder actions

A

lat dorsi
pectoralis major

90
Q

what is the orogin of the lat dorsi

A

iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
T7-T12 vert

91
Q

what is the insertion of the lat dorsi

A

floor of humerus intertubercular groove

92
Q

what is the origin of the pec major

A

clavicle, sternum, and ribs

93
Q

what is the insertion of the pec major

A

crest of greater tubercle (most lateralO)

94
Q

what are the actions of the pec major and lat dorsi at the shoulder

A

adduction
medial rotation

(extension when shoulder flexed)

95
Q

true or false: the pec major and lat dorsi only have action at the shoulder and back

A

false, they also cross the scapulothoracic joint therefore move the scapula too

96
Q

what motion at the scap does the pec major do

A

protraction
(downward rot)

97
Q

what motion at the scap does the lat dorsi do

A

retraction
(downward rot)

98
Q

what are the 3 muscles that insert into the intertub groove (lat to medial )

A

pec major
lat dorsi
teres major

315 - anatomy (25 decks)

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