lecture 22: Leg and foot part 2 (soft tissues) Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 4 compartments of the leg
A
1) anterior
2) lateral
3) superficual posterial compartment
4) deep posterior compartment
2
Q
what are the muscles of the anterior comparment of the leg
A
tib ant
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
3
Q
what are the nerves in the anterior compartment of the leg
A
deep fibular nerve
4
Q
what are the vessels in the anterior compartment of the leg`
A
anterior tibial artery and vein
5
Q
in what compartment of the leg is the deep fibular n located
A
anterior
6
Q
in what compartment of the leg is the anterior tibial a and v located
A
anterior
7
Q
in what compartment are these muscles locations:
tib ant
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
fibularis tertius
A
anterior
8
Q
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
A
fibularis longus and brevis
9
Q
what is the nerve of the lateral compartment of the leg
A
superficial fibular n
10
Q
what are the vessels of the lateral compartment of the leg
A
branches of fibular artery and vein
11
Q
what compartment of the leg are these muscles located:
fibularis longus and brevis
A
lateral
12
Q
what compartment of the leg is the superficual fibular n located
A
lateral
13
Q
what compartment of the leg are the branches of the fibular a and v located
A
lateral
14
Q
what muscles are located in the superficual posterior compartment of the leg
A
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
15
Q
what compartment of the leg aer the following muscles located:
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
A
superficial posterior
16
Q
what are the muscles in the deep posterior compartment of the leg
A
tib post
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
17
Q
what compartment of the leg are the following muscles located in:
tib post
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
A
deep posterior compartment
18
Q
what is the nerve in the deep posterior compartment of the leg
A
tibial n
19
Q
the tibial n is in what compartment of the leg
A
deep posterior compartment
20
Q
what are the vessels in the deep posterior compartment of the leg
A
posterior tibial a and v
fibular a
21
Q
in what compartment of the leg are these vessels located:
posterior tibial a and v
fibular a
A
deep posterior
22
Q
what seperates the anterior and deep posterior compartment of the leg
A
interosseus membrane
23
Q
what surrounds the diff compartments of the leg
A
deep fascia of th eleg
24
Q
what is the biggest compartment of the leg
A
superficual posterior
25
what are the 4 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
tibalis posterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorem longus
fibularis tertius
26
what is the common action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
dorsiflexion of the ankle
27
which muscle is most medial in the anterior comparmtnet
tbiialis anterior
28
what is the origin of tib ant
lateral tibial confyle, tibial shaft, interosseus membrane
29
what is the insertion of the tib ant
medial cuniform
30
what is the action of the tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion and inversion
31
what is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus
shaft of fibula and interosseus membrane
32
what is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of the hallux (big toe)
33
what is the action of the extensor hallucis longis
dorsiflexion and extesnion of the halluc MTP and IP
34
what is the origin of the extensor digitorem longus
lateral tibial condyle, head of fibula, and interosseus membrane
35
what is the insertion of the extnesor digitorem longus
dorsum of lateral 4 toes (through extensor hood)
36
what is the action of the extensor digi longus
dorsiflexion and toe PIP/DIP extension
37
what is the fucntion of the extensor retinaculums on the dorsum of the foot
reduce friction
redirect pull of muscle (prevent bowing)
38
what are the 2 extesnor retinaculum of the dorsum of foot
superior and ifnerior extensor retinaculum
39
what is exertional compartment syndrome
temporary ischemia and/or nerve compression due to increase in pressure within a muscle comaprtment
40
exertional compartment syndrome is a temporary ischemia and/or nerve compression due to what
increase in pressure within a muscle comaprtment
41
true or false: extertional/chronic comparmtnent syndrome:
can happen anywhere there are compartments (arms, legs, hands) equally as commong
false, happens frequently in anterior compartmenr of leg
following sustained muscular effort (exrceise)
42
where does exertional compartment syndrome frequently happen
anterior compartment of the leg
following sustained muscular effort (exrceise)
43
how does exertional compartment syndrome resolve
rest/return to normal activity
44
anterior comaprtment is bounded by what
deep fascia, tibia and fibula, and interosseus membrane
45
acute exrecistional compartment syndrome (ex: fracture) may require what to relieve pressure
fasciotomy to relieve intra-compartment pressure
46
what is the origin of the fibularis teritus
fibula
47
what is the insertion of the fibular tertius
dorsal surface of metatarsal V (5)
48
what are the actions of fibularis tertius
dorsiflexion and foot EVERSION
49
true or false: both tib ant and fibularis tertius do dorsiflexion and foot inverstion
false, fibularis tertius does eversion
50
anterior compartment based on being anterior to what
to lateral malleolus (and hence ankle COR)
51
what are the 2 muscles of the lateral comaprtment of the leg
fibularis longus and brevis
52
what is the origin of the fibularis longus
head and proximal fibula
53
what is the insertion of the fibularis longus
medial cuniform and plantar surface of MT 1 (across plantar surface from L to M)
54
fibularis longus and brevis pass posterior to what
to lateral malleolus
55
what muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg contributes to providing support to the tranverse arch
fibularis longus
56
the tendon of the fibularis longus goes across plantar surface to MT I, what does that allow for
iallows for support of thr transverse arch
57
wht is the common actions of the fibularis longus and brevis
plantar flexion and eversion of the foot
58
true or false: since the fibularis longus and brevis pass poasterior to lateral malleulus, they do dorsiflexion
false, they do plantar
59
what is the origin of the fibularis brevis
shaft of fibula
60
what is the insertion of the fibularis brevis
to proximal MT V
61
tendon of the fibularis longus contributes to support of waht
tranverse arch
62
what are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
63
what are the two heads of the gastroc
medial and lateral
64
what is the origin of the gastroc
supracondylar ridges of femur
65
what is the insertion of the gastroc
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (achilles tendon)
66
what are the actions of the gastroc
knee flexion and plantar flexion
67
true or false: gastroc m do knee flexion AND platar flexion
true
68
what is the origin of the plantaris
lateral femur (distal)
69
what is the insertion of the plantaris
calcaneus
70
what is the action of the plantaris
weak knee flexion and plantar flexion
(absent in 7-20% ppl also can be unilateralO
71
true or false: 3 muscles insert via the calcaneal tendon
false, gastroc and soleus doo
sometimes plantaris
72
what is the origin of the soleus m
soleal line and head of fibula
73
what is the insertion of the solueus m
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
74
what is the action of the soleus
plantar flexion
75
explain why gastroc does both plantar flexion and knee flexion but soleus can only do plantar flexion
because soleus does not cross knee joint
76
where do the tendons of the deep posterior compartment of the leg pass
posterior to the medial malleolus
77
what are the 3 muscles of teh deep psoterior compartment of the leg
flexor digi longus
tib post
flexor hallucis longus
78
what is the origin of the flexor digi longus
posterior tibia
79
what is the isnertion of the flexor digi longus
distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (plantar surface)
80
what si the action of the flexor digi longus
plantar flexion and toe PIP/DIP flexion (lateral 4)
81
what is the origin of the tib post
tibia, fibula, interosseus membrane
82
what is the inerstion of the tib post
plantar surface along tarsal
83
what is the action of the tib post
plantarflexion and inversion
84
tib post travels psoterior or anterior to ankle jt
posterior
85
what is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus
distal fibula
86
what is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus
plantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux
87
what is the action of the flexor hallucis longus
plantar flexion and flexion of the hallux IP
88
what is the most medial musclenof the deep posterior compartment of the leg
flexor digi longus
89
the tendon of the flexor digitorem passes where
over the tendon of tib post and over the hallucis tendon
90
what is the sustentaculum tali and its function
shelf on bone of calcaneus
doesnt allow the tendons to pop out
91
what tendon passes under sustentaculum tali
the flexor hallucis longus
92
sciatic n bifurcates into what two bracnhes at the popliteal fossa
tibial n and common fibular
93
tibial n comes from what spinal n levels
L5-S3
94
which n is located deep to gastroc
tibial n
95
what provides motor innervation to the posterior compartments of the leg
tibial n
96
the tibial n provides motor innervation to what
posterior compartments of tje legs
97
what spinal levels n does the common fibular come from
L4-S2
98
common fibular n branches into what 2 branches
deep fibular n
superficial fibular n
99
what does the superficial fibular n provude motor inneavtion to
lateral compartment of the leg
100
what n provides motor innervation to the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibualr n
101
what does the deep fibular n provide motor innervation to
anterior compartment of th eleg
102
what n provudes motor innervation to the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular n
103
which n of the lower leg wraps over anterior
common fibular
104
saphenous n is a cuteanous branch of what nerve
femoral n
105
what nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial leg
saphenous
106
what nerve provudes sensory innervation to the posterior and lateral aspects of the leg
sural n
107
where do sural nerves come from
sensory nervee from distal bracnhes of sciatic
108
what part of the foot does tibial innervate
the sole of the foot
109
what part of the leg does the superficial fibular n innevate
dorsum of the foot
110
what n innervates the space between big toes and 2nd toe
deep fibular n
111
where is the deep fibular nerve located
between tib ant and the 2 extensors
112
the superficial fibular n travels anterior to what passive structure
the extensor retinaculums
113
which branch of the common fibular n has a very small sensory contribution to the leg
deep fibular n
114
why does the deep fibular only have a small sensory contribution in the foot
is deep and only pokes out superficial near the big toe
115
after the femoral nerve passes the addcutor hiatus it becomes...
popliteal a
116
what provides blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg
posterial tibial a
117
posterial tibial a provides blood supply to what
posterior compartment of the leg
118
popliteal a branches into what 2 things passes the popliteal fossa
posterior and anterior tibial a
119
what is the most medial vessel in the vascular supply of the leg
posterior tibial a
120
what provides blood supply to the anerior compartment of the leg
anterior tibial a
121
the anterior tibial a provides blood supply to what compartment of the leg
anterior compartment
122
how does the anterior tibial arter y get to the anterior side of the leg
passes through openings in the interosseus membrane (for ATA)
123
what is the branch off the posterior tibial a
fibular a
124
what does the fibular a provide blood suply to
post/lat compartment of the leg
125
what blood vessel supplies post/lat compartment of the leg
fibular a
126
anterior tibial a travels anterior with what vessel
deep fibular n
127
posterior tibial a travels posterior with what neve
tibial n
128
what is the tarsal tunnel
tendons, vasculature and nerve running posterior to medial malleolus deep to flexor retinaculum
129
tarsal tendon is located posterior to medial or lateral malleuos
medial
130
what are the 6 structures that pass under the flexor retinaculum part of the tarsal tunnel
anterior to psoterior
tibiialis posteror
flexor digitorem longus
posterior tibial a
posterior tibial v
tibial n
flexor hallucis longus
131
what is the mneumonic for the tarsal tunnel (anterior to psoterior)
tom (tib post)
dick (flexor digi longus)
and (post tibial a)
very (psot tibial v)
nervous (tibial)
harry (flexor hallucis longus)
