Lecture 15 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Morphology
Study of words
A. How words are formed
B. Do they have internal structure
C. Is a speakers knowledge about word formation conscious
What is a word
It is the smallest separable unit in a language
Pairing of form and meaning
Definition goes back to
Ferdinand de Saussure
Morpheme
The smallest meaningful building block of a word
If they can be pronounced in isolation. They’re a free morpheme
If they have to be part of a larger word they are a bound morpheme
Free morpheme
If they can be pronounced in isolation. They’re a free morpheme
Bound morpheme
If they have to be part of a larger word. They’re a bound morpheme
Morphologically simple/ monomorphemic
Words made of a single morpheme
Train
House
Laugh
Now
Sad
Morphologically complex/ polymorphemic
Words made of multiple morphemes
Books
Happening
Slowly
Hopeful
Disagree
Root morpheme
Morphologically complex words have a root morpheme which expresses the most important meaning component of the word
Roots are often associated with a particular lexical category (noun. Verb. Adjective. Preposition)
Affixes
Morphemes that attach to roots are typically bound morphemes and they are called AFFIXES
Comment lexical categories for Roots
Nouns (and pronouns) - refer to people and things
Verbs- express actions and states
Adjectives- modify nouns
Adverbs- modify verbs
Conjunctions- connect sentences
Adpositions (prepositions and postpositions)- relate nouns to other nouns (usually in time and space)
Ideophones- convey sensory experiences
Tightly bound morphemes are called ____
Affixes
Boundary is shown by -
Loosely bound morphemes are called _____
Clitics
Boundary is shown by =
Clitics example
In English <‘s>
The man’s house
Prime minister’s house
Affixes example
English -ed and plural s
I painted yesterday
types of affixes
Prefix- before the root
Suffix- after the root
Infix- within other morphemes
Circumfix- occur around other morphemes
Infixes
Affixes that occur within other morphemes
Bili (buy) ——-> b-in-ili (bought)
Curcumfix definition and example
Affixes that occur round other morphemes. They’re can be thought of as a combination of prefix and suffix
German:
Mach ———> make
ge-mach-t (past-make-past)—> made
Simultaneous affix
Affixes that occur at the Same time as the root
