Lecture 3 Flashcards
(34 cards)
How many indigenous families in Canada
And how many if including language isolates/ mixed languages
8
And
12
Language families list
- Inuit (-Yupik-Unangan)
- Na-Dene
-Dene family
-Tlingit language - Algonquian
- Siouan(-Catawban)
*Salishan
*Wakashan
*Tsimshianic - language isolates
- mixed language
Na-dene sub family
Dene family
Tlingit language
Salishan, Wakashan, and Tsimshianic sub families
Pacific Northwest area
Language isolates
Haida
Ktunaxa
Beothuk
Mixed languages
Michif
Language classification early work
John Wesley Powell - 1891
Edward Sapir- 1929
When was a realistic language classification that matches our current day understanding proposed
1964
What have linguists learned since 1891 language classification proposal
- Several of the previously proposed phyla aren’t accepted anymore
(Amerind hypothesis said all American languages were related is proved untrue) - languages classified as isolates are in fact related (Tlingit was originally considered isolate. But it’s in na-Dene)
- languages considered dialects are actually separate languages (Dogrib, Bearlake, Slavey are actually different languages)
Inuit languages
A chain of related dialects (dialect continuum) across Canada Greenland and Alaska
What’s a dialect continuum
- series of dialects that change gradually over a geographical area
- speakers of neighbouring languages can understand each other
- but speakers further apart may not
Inuit word Igloo.
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
From Inuktitut
Iglu
Means singular house
Inuit word anorak.
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
Greenlandic Inuit
Annoraaq
Means hooded outer garment
Inuit word kayak
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
Inuktitut
qajaq
Means boat/ kayak
Inuit word malamute.
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
Iñupiaq
Malimiut
Means (ancient breed of dog used for sled dogs. Bred by malamute ppl of Alaska)
Iroquoian
Spoken where
Eastern half of Canada and USA
Speakers of which language were some of the first to contact with European colonizers
Iroquoian language
Iroquoian word Canada.
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
Kanien’kéha
kaná:ta
Means town
Iroquoian word Ontario.
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
Kanien’kéha
kaniatarí:io
Means beautiful lake
Iroquoian word Toronto .
Which language dialect,
which proper spelling,
meaning
Kanien’kéha
atérónto
Means standing trees in water
Algonquin other name
Algic
Some of the most widely spoken indigenous languages in Canada belong to Algonquin family. What are they
Dialects of both languages are spoken where
Cree+ Ojibwe
Dialects Spoken in
BC, Alberta, Sask, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec
Cree-Innu- Naskapi continuum
a) western cree
b) eastern Cree
C) east Cree
D) innu
E) Naskapi
Western Cree dialects
- Th- dialect (woods Cree)
- N- dialect (swampy Cree)
- Y- dialect (plains Cree)
~Northern plains Cree
~Southern plains Cree - L- dialect (moose Cree)
- R- dialect (atikamekw)
